Download or read book Intrinsic and Extrinsic Defects in Colloidal Photonic Crystal Films written by Evangellos William Vekris and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonic crystals (PC's) are a new class of engineered material that is structurally periodic on the scale of optical wavelengths. One promising form of photonic crystal is the self-assembled colloidal crystal film, which consist of a close-packed lattice of colloidal spheres and can be grown inexpensively from a colloidal dispersion. This crystal can serve as a template for the infiltration of a material of higher refractive index, such as silicon, to create a material possessing a complete photonic bandgap (PBG). However, the self-assembled nature of colloidal crystal films allows the formation of intrinsic defects. Such defects, disruptions in the lattice periodicity, can be expected to influence the optical properties of this photonic material. Here, various intrinsically-formed defects are structurally analyzed by microscopy, and their optical properties are then individually measured through careful spatially-resolved optical spectroscopy. Point, line, and volume defects are shown to contribute to incoherent scattering, in good agreement with numerical simulation. In all cases, the influence of such defects on the fundamental stop-band is negligible, while influences on the "higher-band" region of the bandstructure and the PBG are shown to be significant. Stacking faults, variations in the stacking of close-packed crystalline planes, are also analysed. It is shown that different stacking sequences give rise to unique optical spectra, which are shown to differ in the higher-band region of the bandstructure, while leaving the fundamental stopgap unaffected. Additionally, stacking faults are shown to be caused by the incorporation of differently-sized impurity spheres in the lattice, a hard- sphere type mechanism analogous to atomic systems. A fabrication method for extrinsic defects, those which are deliberately introduced to create a designed photonic functionality, and which combines top-down photolithographic patterning with bottom-up self-assembly, is presented. Defects created using this technique can potentially serve as optical waveguides in silicon inverse colloidal photonic crystals, with applications in optical telecommunications or optical computing. Through better understanding of the structure, optical properties, and formation mechanisms of colloidal crystal defects, the quality of self-assembled photonic crystal films can be improved, resulting in more homogeneous optical properties and allowing the full-potential of colloidal photonic crystals to be realized.
Download or read book Programme and The Book of Abstracts Tenth Annual Conference YUCOMAT 2008 written by Dragan Uskoković and published by Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. This book was released on 2008-08-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First Conference on materials science and engineering, including physics, physical chemistry, condensed matter chemistry, and technology in general, was held in September 1995, in Herceg Novi. An initiative to establish Yugoslav Materials Research Society was born at the conference and, similar to other MR societies in the world, the programme was made and objectives determined. The Yugoslav Materials Research Society (Yu-MRS), a nongovernment and non-profit scientific association, was founded in 1997 to promote multidisciplinary goal-oriented research in materials science and engineering. The main task and objective of the Society has been to encourage creativity in materials research and engineering to reach a harmonic coordination between achievements in this field in our country and analogous activities in the world with an aim to include our country into global international projects. Until 2003, Conferences were held every second year and then they grew into Annual Conferences that were traditionally held in Herceg Novi in September of every year. In 2007 Yu-MRS formed two new MRS: MRS-Serbia (official successor of Yu-MRS) and MRS-Montenegro (in founding). In 2008, MRS – Serbia became a member of FEMS (Federation of European Materials Societies).
Download or read book Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials written by B.-L. Su and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-06 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book devoted to this hot field of science covers materials with bimodal, trimodal and multimodal pore size, with an emphasis on the successful design, synthesis and characterization of all kinds of hierarchically porous materials using different synthesis strategies. It details formation mechanisms related to different synthesis strategies while also introducing natural phenomena of hierarchy and perspectives of hierarchical science in polymers, physics, engineering, biology and life science. Examples are given to illustrate how to design an optimal hierarchically porous material for specific applications ranging from catalysis and separation to biomedicine, photonics, and energy conversion and storage. With individual chapters written by leading experts, this is the authoritative treatment, serving as an essential reference for researchers and beginners alike.
Download or read book Designed Functional Defects in Colloidal Photonic Crystals Switching Biomonitoring and Modified Photoluminescence written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two complementary bottom-up approaches are presented for the controlled incorporation of "smart" planar defects into self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs). The defect layer is based on a functional nanometer scaled thin film that is either prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly and microcontact transfer printing or by spin-coating and sacrificial CPC infiltration. The developed methods allow for the integration of designed defect thin films from a huge variety of chemically diverse materials and can be employed at low-cost and large-scale. Optical spectra show a sharp transmission state within the photonic stop band, induced by the defect. The position of the defect wavelength is dependent on the optical thickness of the defect layer. Active tuning of the intragap defect state is performed by preparing defect layers from macromolecules responsive to external stimuli such as light, temperature, redox-cycling and mechanical pressure. The studies are supported by independently performed ellipsometry measurements and theoretical scalar wave approximation calculations. In addition, CPCs with functional biomolecular planar defects are presented. Through shifts of the defect mode, DNA conformational changes, the enantioselective intercalation of a chiral anti-cancer drug and enzyme activities are optically monitored. Incorporation of fluorescent dyes and quantum dots into defect CPCs leads to a clear modification of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra by photonic stopband and defect state. Switchable PL modification is detected when employing addressable defect CPCs.
Download or read book Computational Studies of Engineered Defects in Colloidal Photonic Crystals written by Nathan Lipkowitz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is an exploration of the properties of engineered defects in self-assembled photonic crystals, with particular attention paid to the complete band gap of the a-Si inverse opal. The potential of this metamaterial for optical signal processing in telecommunications is studied using a pair of complementary simulation techniques; one is a frequency-domain code, while the other is in the time domain. Calculations of photonic states associated with isolated point defects are performed, and their cavity modes, losses and field distributions are calculated. The equivalence of two classes of defects is demonstrated, and a robust, single-mode point defect microcavity is proposed. A linear defect waveguide, comprised of coupled chain of such point defects, is analyzed. Transmission around sharp bends is demonstrated, and some simple devices are considered. Several potential approaches to fabrication of the defects, the properties of various candidate materials, and more complex devices are discussed.
Download or read book Fabrication and Defect Design in Two dimensional Colloidal Photonic Crystals written by Erik Peter Geiss and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Colloidal Photonic Crystal Stationary Phases written by Ulrich Kamp and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromatography, the separation of complex molecule mixtures, is a very powerful analytical technique. Since its invention a century ago it has been continuously adapted and developed. Particulate beds are at the verge of being exchanged for continuous monolithic beds, columns lengths are shrinking towards the centimeter range. Research is driven by a demand for ever more efficient chromatography and integrated separation and analysis systems on chips.In twenty years the concept of light localization in three-dimensional periodic structures has created the constantly expanding field of photonic crystals. A facile bottom-up approach to photonic structures is the self-assembly of monodisperse colloidal microspheres. Emerging applications are non-linear optical devices, structural colors, and refractive index change sensitive sensors. There exists a continuous search for additional and alternative uses to benefit and apply gained knowledge from the colloidal photonic crystal research.The ideal particulate chromatographic stationary phase and the colloidal crystal structure share a related and comparable building plan. It is an appealing concept to merge aspects of these two fields. A synthesis of stationary phase and optically responsive crystal could lead to an actively sensing chromatographic bed.Here we produce colloidal photonic crystal films, monoliths, columns and their inverse constructs. The structures are examined for their structural and optical properties, as well as their suitability for optically responsive separation phases. An image processing method measuring refractive indices and refractive index changes is developed, which is based on the optical response of colloidal photonic crystal films and capillaries. Capillary colloidal crystals are brought to an applicable stage and are integrated into a nanovolume liquid chromatography system as microbore capillary columns.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concepts of Nanochemistry written by Ludovico Cademartiri and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-13 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a bestselling author and expert in nanochemistry, this title is ideal for interdisciplinary courses in chemistry, materials science, or physics.
Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by John D. Joannopoulos and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-30 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since it was first published in 1995, Photonic Crystals has remained the definitive text for both undergraduates and researchers on photonic band-gap materials and their use in controlling the propagation of light. This newly expanded and revised edition covers the latest developments in the field, providing the most up-to-date, concise, and comprehensive book available on these novel materials and their applications. Starting from Maxwell's equations and Fourier analysis, the authors develop the theoretical tools of photonics using principles of linear algebra and symmetry, emphasizing analogies with traditional solid-state physics and quantum theory. They then investigate the unique phenomena that take place within photonic crystals at defect sites and surfaces, from one to three dimensions. This new edition includes entirely new chapters describing important hybrid structures that use band gaps or periodicity only in some directions: periodic waveguides, photonic-crystal slabs, and photonic-crystal fibers. The authors demonstrate how the capabilities of photonic crystals to localize light can be put to work in devices such as filters and splitters. A new appendix provides an overview of computational methods for electromagnetism. Existing chapters have been considerably updated and expanded to include many new three-dimensional photonic crystals, an extensive tutorial on device design using temporal coupled-mode theory, discussions of diffraction and refraction at crystal interfaces, and more. Richly illustrated and accessibly written, Photonic Crystals is an indispensable resource for students and researchers. Extensively revised and expanded Features improved graphics throughout Includes new chapters on photonic-crystal fibers and combined index-and band-gap-guiding Provides an introduction to coupled-mode theory as a powerful tool for device design Covers many new topics, including omnidirectional reflection, anomalous refraction and diffraction, computational photonics, and much more.
Download or read book Atomic Layer Deposition of Nanostructured Materials written by Nicola Pinna and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic layer deposition, formerly called atomic layer epitaxy, was developed in the 1970s to meet the needs of producing high-quality, large-area fl at displays with perfect structure and process controllability. Nowadays, creating nanomaterials and producing nanostructures with structural perfection is an important goal for many applications in nanotechnology. As ALD is one of the important techniques which offers good control over the surface structures created, it is more and more in the focus of scientists. The book is structured in such a way to fi t both the need of the expert reader (due to the systematic presentation of the results at the forefront of the technique and their applications) and the ones of students and newcomers to the fi eld (through the first part detailing the basic aspects of the technique). This book is a must-have for all Materials Scientists, Surface Chemists, Physicists, and Scientists in the Semiconductor Industry.
Download or read book Imperfections in Crystalline Solids written by Wei Cai and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides students with a complete working knowledge of the properties of imperfections in crystalline solids. Readers will learn how to apply the fundamental principles of mechanics and thermodynamics to defect properties in materials science, gaining all the knowledge and tools needed to put this into practice in their own research. Beginning with an introduction to defects and a brief review of basic elasticity theory and statistical thermodynamics, the authors go on to guide the reader in a step-by-step way through point, line, and planar defects, with an emphasis on their structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties. Numerous end-of-chapter exercises enable students to put their knowledge into practice, and with solutions for instructors and MATLAB® programs available online, this is an essential text for advanced undergraduate and introductory graduate courses in crystal defects, as well as being ideal for self-study.
Download or read book Colloidal Metal Oxide Nanoparticles written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloidal Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications is a one-stop reference for anyone with an interest in the fundamentals, synthesis and applications of this interesting materials system. The book presents a simple, effective and detailed discussion on colloidal metal oxide nanoparticles. It begins with a general introduction of colloidal metal oxide nanoparticles, then delves into the most relevant synthesis pathways, stabilization procedures, and synthesis and characterization techniques. Final sections discuss promising applications, including bioimaging, biosensing, diagnostic, and energy applications—i.e., solar cells, supercapacitors and environment applications—i.e., the treatment of contaminated soil, water purification and waste remediation. Provides the most comprehensive resource on the topic, from fundamentals, to synthesis and characterization techniques Presents key applications, including biomedical, energy, electronic and environmental Discusses the most relevant techniques for synthesis, patterning and characterization
Download or read book Polymer Colloids written by Rodney Priestley and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic and industrial research around polymer-based colloids is huge, driven both by the development of mature technologies, e.g. latexes for coatings, as well as the advancement of new materials and applications, such as building blocks for 2D/3D structures and medicine. Edited by two world-renowned leaders in polymer science and engineering, this is a fundamental text for the field. Based on a specialised course by the editors, this book provides the reader with an invaluable single source of reference. The first section describes formation, explaining basic properties of emulsions and dispersion polymerization, microfluidic approaches to produce polymer-based colloids and formation via directed self-assembly. The next section details characterisation methodologies from microscopy and small angle scattering, to surface science and simulations. The final chapters close with applications, including Pickering emulsions and molecular engineering for materials development. A comprehensive guide to polymer colloids, with contributions by leaders in their respective areas, this book is a must-have for researchers and practitioners working across polymers, soft matter and chemical and molecular engineering.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics written by Frank Träger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-05 with total page 1704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition features numerous updates and additions. Especially 4 new chapters on Fiber Optics, Integrated Optics, Frequency Combs and Interferometry reflect the changes since the first edition. In addition, major complete updates for the chapters: Optical Materials and Their Properties, Optical Detectors, Nanooptics, and Optics far Beyond the Diffraction Limit. Features Contains over 1000 two-color illustrations. Includes over 120 comprehensive tables with properties of optical materials and light sources. Emphasizes physical concepts over extensive mathematical derivations. Chapters with summaries, detailed index Delivers a wealth of up-to-date references.
Download or read book Defects in Two Dimensional Materials written by Rafik Addou and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-14 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defects in Two-Dimensional Materials addresses the fundamental physics and chemistry of defects in 2D materials and their effects on physical, electrical and optical properties. The book explores 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD). This knowledge will enable scientists and engineers to tune 2D materials properties to meet specific application requirements. The book reviews the techniques to characterize 2D material defects and compares the defects present in the various 2D materials (e.g. graphene, h-BN, TMDs, phosphorene, silicene, etc.). As two-dimensional materials research and development is a fast-growing field that could lead to many industrial applications, the primary objective of this book is to review, discuss and present opportunities in controlling defects in these materials to improve device performance in general or use the defects in a controlled way for novel applications. Presents the theory, physics and chemistry of 2D materials Catalogues defects of 2D materials and their impacts on materials properties and performance Reviews methods to characterize, control and engineer defects in 2D materials
Download or read book Modern Aspects of Bulk Crystal and Thin Film Preparation written by Nikolai Kolesnikov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-01-13 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In modern research and development, materials manufacturing crystal growth is known as a way to solve a wide range of technological tasks in the fabrication of materials with preset properties. This book allows a reader to gain insight into selected aspects of the field, including growth of bulk inorganic crystals, preparation of thin films, low-dimensional structures, crystallization of proteins, and other organic compounds.
