Download or read book Intervertebral Disc Structure and Mechanical Function Under Physiological Loading Quantified Non invasively Utilizing MRI and Image Registration written by Jonathon Henry Yoder and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of the Nucleus Pulposus in Human Intervertebral Disc Mechanical Function Quantified by Mechanical Loading and Non invasive Imaging written by Brent L. Showalter and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intervertebral disc performs the mechanical roles of supporting loads, permitting motion, and dissipating energy. Disc degeneration affects a large portion of the population, reduces the joint's effectiveness, and is strongly implicated as a cause of low back pain. Degeneration is an irreversible process that manifests early within the centralized nucleus pulposus and subsequently affects other disc components. An incomplete understanding of the role of the nucleus pulposus and how alterations in nucleus function affect disc mechanics has hindered successful development of disc degeneration treatment. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the mechanical contributions of the nucleus pulposus to intervertebral disc function in compressive loading. In cyclic loading experiments, it was determined that removal of the nucleus pulposus via nucleotomy caused acute changes to the disc's mechanical response such as a decrease in compressive stiffness with an accompanying increase in compressive strain. These changes correspond to hypermobility, which alters overall spinal mechanics and may impact low back pain via altered motion throughout the spinal column. In addition to these acute changes, nucleotomy also decreased the fluid-flow related effects of cyclic compressive loading. Filing the void left by nucleotomy with a hydrogel implant preserved the creep response of the discs. A procedure for creating disc strain templates, which describe average disc strain, from MR images taken before and after loading was developed to non-invasively measure internal disc strains that result from compression loading. In mildly-degenerate human discs, removal of the nucleus increased axial strain throughout the annulus fibrosus, consistent with the existing literature stating that the nucleus plays a significant role in supporting compressive loads. Removal of the nucleus also unevenly altered the distribution of circumferential and radial strains within the annulus. Nucleotomy caused substantially higher circumferential strain in the posterolateral region, which may increase the risk of annular tears. The novel tools developed in this work and the experimental results can be utilized to further understand the mechanical role of the nucleus pulposus on intervertebral disc function, how that role changes with degeneration, and to design and treatments that restore disc mechanics.
Download or read book The Intervertebral Disc written by Irving M. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-02 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intervertebral disc is a complex structure that separates opposing vertebrae, permits a wide range of motion, and accommodates high biomechanical forces. Disc degeneration leads to a loss of function and is often associated with excruciating pain. Written by leading scientists and clinicians, the first part of the book provides a review of the basic biology of the disc in health and disease. The second part considers strategies to mitigate the effects of disc degeneration and discusses the possibility of engineering replacement tissues. The final section is devoted to approaches to model normal development and elucidate the pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease using animal, organ and cell culture techniques. The book bridges the gap between the basic and clinical sciences; the target audience includes basic scientists, orthopaedists and neurologists, while at the same time appealing to the needs of graduate students, medical students, interns and fellows.
Download or read book A Non invasive Quantitative Approach Using MRI for Assessing the Spinal Intervertebral Disc Response to Prolonged Load Exposure written by David Allen Reiter and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book MRI Based Non invasive Detection and Monitoring of Tissue Mechanics and Degenerative Changes in the Intervertebral Disc and the Meniscus written by Kyle D. Meadows and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis was to develop and apply methods for non-invasive measurement of function and degeneration of the intervertebral disc and meniscus that could be used to inform and direct clinical decisions related to aging and injury. First, I identified appropriate sequence parameters to acquire MR data and applied curve fitting methods to accurately calculate disc T2 in the presence of image signal noise (Aim 1). I then developed methods and analyses to evaluate the mechanical function of the discs via non-invasive MRI in a young, asymptomatic cohort to establish baseline in vivo disc mechanics (Aim 2). Next, knee joint kinematics were assessed in intact joints, following root tear, and following suture repair at an acute time point under physiological loading using novel MRI methods (Aim 3). Finally, similar methods were applied to a porcine model of meniscus injury to appraise joint health and progression of degeneration following tear or repair in the short-term due to mechanical and biological interactions including endogenous remodeling and healing (Aim 4). In summary, this dissertation developed and utilized tools to evaluate in vivo mechanical function in the spine and knee in relation to structural degenerative changes. These tools may be used in the future to assess the progression of degeneration over time and to test the effectiveness of different repair and treatment strategies for disc and meniscus injury.
Download or read book The Lumbar Intervertebral Disc written by Frank M. Phillips and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading authorities in the field of spine care, this book is a comprehensive reference for the latest techniques for managing intervertebral disc disorders affecting the lumbar spine. Divided into four main sections, the book opens with a review of fundamental basic science concepts, including epidemiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, biology, biomechanics, and mechanisms of pain. The second section focuses on the management of disc herniation, with chapters guiding clinicians from the pathophysiology of the herniated disc to clinical presentation to various treatment strategies. The final sections of the book present in-depth coverage of degenerative disc disease and provide essential information for imaging and testing, diagnosis, patient screening, treatment, and rehabilitation. Highlights: Detailed coverage of the latest innovations in the field, including nonsurgical treatments, minimally invasive procedures, biologic techniques, and motion-preserving procedures, enables clinicians to select the appropriate treatment for each clinical situation More than 200 high-quality illustrations and images demonstrate key concepts Valuable discussion of safety considerations and how to avoid and manage potential complications Ideal for practitioners and trainees with a focus on spinal disorders, this book will be an invaluable resource for orthopaedists, neurosurgeons, pain specialists, physiatrists, neuroradiologists, and researchers in these specialties.
Download or read book Investigation of the Relationship Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters and Mechanical Loading of the Intervertebral Disc written by Jie Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low back disorder (LBD) is a major socioeconomic problem, and the intervertebral disc (IVD) is one of the leading sources of LBD. The health and functions of the IVD are determined by the inherent biomechanical properties and their interaction with both the magnitude and time-distribution of mechanical loading. Understanding such properties and interaction is important for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of LBD. However, the effects of mechanical loading on the IVD is difficult to be detected in-vivo by conventional methods. Recent advances in quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques have the potential for early evaluation of the loading induced biomechanical property changes in the IVD. This potential is of particular interest to occupational ergonomists and injury biomechanists, as quantitative MRI parameters may show changes in IVD properties demonstrating detrimental (or beneficial) work or activities that cannot be evaluated using conventional methods. Therefore, the current study conducted an in vitro detailed investigation on the changes in T1[rho], T2 relaxation times and ADC in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the IVD, which may occur due to various occupationally-relevant mechanical loading scenarios. To fulfil this objective, motion segments were harvested from porcine cervical spines to serve as experimental specimens. Also, an MRI imaging protocol of the T1[subscript rho] relaxation time was first developed, then verified using agarose of different concentration. In addition, a closed-loop computer-controlled load-displacement apparatus was designed and built, such that the mechanical loading can be calibrated and then applied in the MRI scanner with the non-magnetic components placed in the bore. According to the result, T1[subscript rho] and T2 relaxation times are sensitive to 60 minutes sustained compressive loading (corresponding to 1500 N compression on human lumbar IVD), which is common for manual material handling (MMH) tasks in an occupational setting and may potentially cause transient degenerative changes to the IVD. Such result indicates that quantitative MRI technique can be an innovative diagnosis method to detect the early degenerative changes of the IVD. Furthermore, receiving tensile loading (corresponding to 300 N traction on human lumbar IVD, simulated using an inversion table) for 15 minutes can partially reverse the transient biomechanical changes induced by the previously experienced compressive loading. And the mitigation effect of tensile loading is superior to decompression (corresponding to 500 N compression on human lumbar IVD, simulating erect standing). This result confirms the potential of tensile loading (using an inversion table) to be an occupational intervention in the work break. After comparing the relative performance of T1[subscript rho], T2 relaxation times and ADC, it is suggested that T1[subscript rho] relaxation time is the most desired MRI parameter in detecting the effects of mechanical loading on the IVD.
Download or read book In Vivo Lumbar Spine Biomechanics written by Shaobai Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of lumbar spine biomechanics in living human subjects is fundamental for understanding mechanisms of spinal injury and pathology, for improvement of corresponding clinical treatments, and for design of spinal prosthesis. However, due to the complicated spine anatomy and loading conditions as well as high risks in these direct measurements, it has been a challenge to determine the in vivo biomechanics of the lumbar spine. To address this problem, the overall objective of this thesis was to develop and implement a dual fluoroscopic imaging system to non-invasively study human lumbar spine biomechanics. In line with this objective, the first goal was to quantify the ability of the dual fluoroscopic imaging system to determine vertebral kinematics. The second goal was to implement this technique to investigate spinal motion in both healthy subjects and patients with pathology. The third goal was to explore the feasibility of using kinematic data obtained from this system as boundary conditions in finite element analysis to calculate the physiological loads on the intervertebral disc. The system was shown to be accurate and repeatable in determining the vertebral kinematics in all degrees of freedom. For the first time, six degree-of-freedom motion of different structures of the spine, such as the vertebral body, intervertebral disc, facet joint and spinous process were measured in vivo in both healthy subjects and subjects with pathology during functional activities. In general, the group of subjects with pathology showed a significantly abnormal kinematic response during various physiological functional activities. Preliminary studies have shown the applicability and high accuracy of finite element modeling to calculate disc loads using in vivo vertebral kinematics as displacement boundary conditions.
Download or read book Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.
Download or read book Intervertebral Disc Regeneration written by Benjamin Gantenbein and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a brief snapshot of recent research on the subject of intervertebral disc degeneration and how this specific organ could be regenerated. It provides stimuli to the reader in representing research from different angles in this cross-disciplinary field of spine surgeons, mechanical engineers and biologists. In particular, it is instructive as to how disc herniations could be successfully induced in vitro and, also, to how novel cell-based therapies using rare autochthonous stem cells could potentially be used in the future.
Download or read book Biological Approaches to Spinal Disc Repair and Regeneration for Clinicians written by Roger Haertl and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Top Experts Share Clinical Insights on Biological Interventions for Spine-Related Disease Although there have been significant advancements in minimally invasive spinal surgery techniques in the last few decades, optimal outcomes for chronic low back pain remain elusive. A number of promising clinical trials have been conducted using tissue engineering and biological interventions for disc degeneration. Written by renowned innovators, this is the first book that covers implementation of these groundbreaking approaches for disc disease. The text begins with key fundamentals including anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, imaging and biomechanics to delineate healthy versus diseased spine. Subsequent sections discuss treatment strategies, research findings, and future developments. Throughout each chapter, renowned spine surgeons and scientists share clinical pearls gleaned from hands-on experience. Key Highlights The current state of the art in biological and tissue engineering procedures for spinal disorders Treatment methodologies including nucleus replacement and repair, annulus fibrosus repair, total disc transplantation, and mechanical total disc replacement Innovative treatment strategies for disc regeneration, such as genes and proteins Growth factors including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which has shown promise for the stimulation and acceleration of bone and soft tissue healing Cell-based therapy for spinal disc regeneration and repair including the use of stem cells and chondrocytes In-depth discussion of research including animal versus human model, in-vitro, and a summary of biologic clinical trials This is a must-have resource for trainee and practicing orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons who treat patients for spine-related conditions. It is essential reading for all clinicians who have an interest in cutting-edge tissue engineering and biological treatment interventions.
Download or read book Multivariate Calculus and Geometry written by Sean Dineen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-03-30 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the higher-level reader with a comprehensive review of all important aspects of Differential Calculus, Integral Calculus and Geometric Calculus of several variables The revised edition, which includes additional exercises and expanded solutions, and gives a solid description of the basic concepts via simple familiar examples which are then tested in technically demanding situations. Readers will gain a deep understanding of the uses and limitations of multivariate calculus.
Download or read book Advances In Tissue Engineering written by Julia M Polak and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008-08-20 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Tissue Engineering is a unique volume and the first of its kind to bring together leading names in the field of tissue engineering and stem cell research. A relatively young science, tissue engineering can be seen in both scientific and sociological contexts and successes in the field are now leading to clinical reality. This book attempts to define the path from basic science to practical application. A contribution from the UK Stem Cell Bank and opinions of venture capitalists offer a variety of viewpoints, and exciting new areas of stem cell biology are highlighted. With over fifty stellar contributors, this book presents the most up-to-date information in this very topical and exciting field./a
Download or read book Temporomandibular Disorders written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), are a set of more than 30 health disorders associated with both the temporomandibular joints and the muscles and tissues of the jaw. TMDs have a range of causes and often co-occur with a number of overlapping medical conditions, including headaches, fibromyalgia, back pain and irritable bowel syndrome. TMDs can be transient or long-lasting and may be associated with problems that range from an occasional click of the jaw to severe chronic pain involving the entire orofacial region. Everyday activities, including eating and talking, are often difficult for people with TMDs, and many of them suffer with severe chronic pain due to this condition. Common social activities that most people take for granted, such as smiling, laughing, and kissing, can become unbearable. This dysfunction and pain, and its associated suffering, take a terrible toll on affected individuals, their families, and their friends. Individuals with TMDs often feel stigmatized and invalidated in their experiences by their family, friends, and, often, the health care community. Misjudgments and a failure to understand the nature and depths of TMDs can have severe consequences - more pain and more suffering - for individuals, their families and our society. Temporomandibular Disorders: Priorities for Research and Care calls on a number of stakeholders - across medicine, dentistry, and other fields - to improve the health and well-being of individuals with a TMD. This report addresses the current state of knowledge regarding TMD research, education and training, safety and efficacy of clinical treatments of TMDs, and burden and costs associated with TMDs. The recommendations of Temporomandibular Disorders focus on the actions that many organizations and agencies should take to improve TMD research and care and improve the overall health and well-being of individuals with a TMD.
Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Download or read book Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion XLIF written by J. Allan Goodrich and published by Quality Medical Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Aging Soft Tissues written by Brian Derby and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the structure and mechanics of aging soft tissues, this edited volume presents authoritative reviews from leading experts on a range of tissues including skin, tendons, vasculature and plantar soft tissues. It provides an overview of in vivo and in vitro measurement techniques including state-of-the-art methodologies, as well as focusing on the structural changes that occur within the main components of these tissues resulting in detrimental mechanical property changes. It also highlights the current challenges of this field, and offers an insight into future developments. Age-related changes in the mechanical properties of soft tissues have a profound effect on human morbidity and mortality, and with changing global demographics, there is growing interest in this area. There has been increasing interest in robustly characterizing these mechanical changes to develop structure-property relationships, and growing awareness of the need for enhanced predictive models for computational simulations. This book seeks to address the challenges involved in applying these engineering techniques to reliably characterize these tissues. Focusing on a wide range of tissues and presenting cutting-edge techniques, this book provides an invaluable reference to academics and researchers in a range of disciplines including biomechanics, materials science, tissue engineering, life sciences and biomedicine.
