Download or read book International trade comparison of U S and European Union preference programs written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Trade written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International trade written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Trade written by U. S. Government Accountability Office ( and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both the United States and the European Union (EU) began providing trade preferences to eligible developing countries in the early 1970s. These trade preferences, which reduced tariffs and product quotas, are "nonreciprocal," meaning that beneficiaries need not reciprocate with lower tariffs for donor export countries. This report discusses (1) the volume of U.S. and EU nonreciprocal preferential trade, (2) the U.S. and EU approaches to nonreciprocal trade preferences, (3) the tariff preferences offered by the U.S. and EU nonreciprocal trade programs, and (4) the extent to which U.S. and EU program beneficiaries take advantage of the tariff preferences offered under the programs. GAO found that the volume of imports receiving preferential tariff rates under U.S. and EU nonreciprocal trade preference programs in 1999 represented a relatively small share of total U.S. and EU imports, at two percent ($18 billion) and six percent ($45 billion), respectively. The U.S. and EU approaches to nonreciprocal preferential trade have evolved in similar ways since their inception in the early 1970s. U.S. and EU programs have included increasingly more products, particularly to the poorest countries, and have, over time, relaxed customs requirements that specify where and how products can be made. Despite some program differences, the U.S. and EU nonreciprocal preference arrangements offer relatively similar tariff preferences on average. On the whole, EU programs cover more products than do U.S. programs, but U.S. beneficiary countries use more of their available tariff preferences than do EU beneficiaries.
Download or read book International Trade written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Trade written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-02-10 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GAO-01-647 International Trade: Comparison of U.S. and European Union Preference Programs
Download or read book Generalized System of Preferences Background and Renewal Debate written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) provides duty-free tariff treatment to certain products imported from designated developing countries. The United States, the European Union, and other developed countries implemented such programs in the in the 1970s to promote economic growth in developing countries by stimulating their exports. The U.S. program (as established by Title V of the Trade Act of 1974) was last reauthorized through December 31, 2006 in section 4101 of the Trade Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-210). Congress may consider legislation (H.R. 6142) under suspension of the rules to, among other things, renew the preference for two years. H.R. 5070 seeks to renew the preference for one year and H.R. 6076 and its companion bill S. 3904 would renew GSP for two years. S. 191 seeks to extend AGOA-type benefits to certain Asian and Pacific least-developed countries, including an extension of GSP for these countries alone. In previous years that the GSP was set to expire, its subsequent renewal was generally considered noncontroversial. Even when the preference was allowed to lapse, as it has at several times in its history, it was widely expected that Congress would retroactively renew the preference. However, this year, due to the present impasse in multilateral trade talks in the World Trade Organization Doha Development Agenda (DDA) and congressional concerns regarding the inclusion of certain more advanced developing countries such as India and Brazil in the program, renewal of the preference seems more tenuous. This report presents a brief history, economic rationale, and legal background leading to the establishment of the GSP; a brief comparison of GSP programs worldwide, especially as they compare to the U.S. program; the U.S. implementation of the GSP and the present debate surrounding its renewal; an analysis of the U.S. program's effectiveness and the positions of various stakeholders; and possible implications of the expiration of the U.S. program.
Download or read book Importing Into the United States written by U. S. Customs and Border Protection and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
Download or read book A Basic Guide to Exporting written by Jason Katzman and published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is practical advice for anyone who wants to build their business by selling overseas. The International Trade Administration covers key topics such as marketing, legal issues, customs, and more. With real-life examples and a full index, A Basic Guide to Exporting provides expert advice and practical solutions to meet all of your exporting needs.
Download or read book Law and Development Perspective on International Trade Law written by Yong-Shik Lee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-25 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic development is the most important agenda in the international trading system today, as demonstrated by the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) adopted in the current multilateral trade negotiations of the World Trade Organization (the Doha Round). This book provides a relevant discussion of major international trade law issues from the perspective of development in the following areas: general issues on international trade law and economic development; and specific law and development issues in World Trade Organization, Free Trade Agreement and regional initiatives. This book offers an unparalleled breadth of coverage on the topic and diversity of authorship, as seventeen leading scholars contribute chapters from nine major developed and developing countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, China (including Hong Kong), South Korea, Australia, Singapore and Israel.
Download or read book The European Union and Developing Countries written by Yves Bourdet and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EU is the main trading partner of developing countries, and the main provider of development aid. The contributors to this book evaluate critical aspects of EU trade and aid policies in order to ascertain whether, and to what extent, they help promote growth and accelerate the development of the Third World.
Download or read book U S Trade and Investment Policy written by Andrew H. Card and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2011 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From American master Ward Just, returning to his trademark territory of "Forgetfulness "and "The Weather in Berlin," an evocative portrait of diplomacy and desire set against the backdrop of America's first lost war
Download or read book Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).
Download or read book Standards Conformity Assessment and Trade written by International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-03-29 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mandated standards used for vehicle airbags, International Organization for Standards (ISO) standards adopted for photographic film, de facto standards for computer software--however they arise, standards play a fundamental role in the global marketplace. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the link between standards, product testing and certification, and U.S. economic performance. The book includes recommendations for streamlining standards development, increasing the efficiency of product testing and certification, and promoting the success of U.S. exports in world markets. The volume offers a critical examination of organizations involved in standards and identifies the urgent improvements needed in the U.S. system for conformity assessment, in which adherence to standards is assessed and certified. Among other key issues, the book explores the role of government regulation, laboratory accreditation, and the overlapping of multiple quality standards in product development and manufacturing. In one of the first treatments of this subject, Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade offers a unique and highly valuable analysis of the impact of standards and conformity assessment on global trade.
Download or read book The Perversity of Preferences written by Çaglar Özden and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reconciling International Trade and Labor Protection written by Wolfgang Plasa and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2015-08-20 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two decades or so, a number of developing countries have become important suppliers of manufactured goods. A good deal of these goods are produced under extremely poor working conditions, incompatible with the fundamental rights and freedoms. However, WTO rules do not allow restrictions on imports of such goods, and the ILO hardly ever sanctions violations of international labor standards. On the one hand, this leaves exporting countries free to compromise on labor protection in order to enhance their competitiveness on foreign markets. On the other hand, importing countries are obliged to keep their markets open for goods produced under substandard labor conditions. This gives rise to the question of whether the rules of the multilateral trading system should be linked to international labor standards. This study argues that there are two trade-related reasons for establishing such a link. The first one is commonly referred to as social dumping. GATT rules enshrine the principles that should govern international trade: fairness and responsibility. These principles should also apply where trade meets labor protection. Exporting goods made under substandard labor conditions is unfair and distorts trade. It would therefore be consistent to make social dumping actionable. The other reason concerns the responsibility of importing countries. Increased imports of goods produced under substandard labor conditions are an incentive for the exporting country to produce more goods under the same labor conditions, and ship them to the same importing country. This results in a proliferation of violations of labor standards, for which the importing country shares the responsibility. There is a need to adopt a link between trade and labor standards enabling the importing country to cap imports in order to escape the blame.
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Least Developed Countries written by Niek Koning and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries as a group stand to gain very substantially from trade reform in agricultural commodities. Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Least Developed Countries is the first book to address important questions relating to this subject. The authors are world renowned experts on international trade and development and they address a very important and timely issue.
