Download or read book Interactions Between Mantle Plumes and Mid ocean Ridges written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through grants OCE- 9811924 and OCE-9907630, and by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship.
Download or read book Interactions Between Mantle Plumes and Mid ocean Ridges written by Jennifer E. Georgen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis studies interactions between mid-ocean ridges and mantle plumes. Chapter 1 investigates the effects of the Marion and Bouvet hotspots on the ultra-slow spreading, highly-segmented Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). Gravity data indicate that Marion and Bouvet impart high-amplitude mantle Bouguer anomaly lows to the ridge axis, and suggest that long-offset transforms may diminish along-axis plume flow. Chapter 2 presents a series of 3D numerical models designed to quantify the sensitivity of along-axis plume-driven mantle flow to transform offset length, spreading rate, and mantle viscosity structure. The calculations illustrate that long-offset transforms in ultra-slow spreading environments may indeed significantly curtail plume dispersion. Chapter 3, an investigation of helium isotope systematics along the western SWIR (9 deg - 24 deg E), reports uniformly low 3He/He ratios of 6.3-7.3 RIRa, compared to values of 8+1 R for normal mid-ocean ridge basalt. There is no evidence for influence of the Bouvet plume on this section of the SWIR from elevated 3He/4He ratios. Chapter 4 studies 3D mantle flow and temperature patterns beneath oceanic ridge-ridge-ridge triple junctions (TJs). For the slowest-spreading ridge, model results for non-hotspot-affected TJs like the Rodrigues TJ predict (1) an increase of temperature and upwelling velocity within a few hundred kilometers of the TJ to approach those of the fastest-spreading ridge, and (2) a strong component of along-axis flow directed away from the TJ. For hotspot-affected TJs like the Azores TJ, this along-axis flow is predicted to advect a hotspot thermal anomaly away from its deep-seated source.
Download or read book Plume ridge Interaction written by Eric L. Mittelstaedt and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manifestations of plume-ridge interaction are found across the ocean basins. Currently there are interactions between at least 21 hot spots and nearby ridges along 15--20% of the global mid-ocean ridge network. These interactions produce a number of anomalies including the presence of elevated topography, negative gravity anomalies, and anomalous crustal production. One form of anomalous crustal production is the formation of volcanic lineaments between hotspots and nearby mid-ocean ridges. In addition, observations indicate that mantle plumes tend to "capture" nearby mid-ocean ridges through asymmetric spreading, increased ridge propagation, and discrete shifts of the ridge axis, or ridge jumps. The initiation of ridge jumps and the formation of off-axis volcanic lineaments likely involve similar processes and may be closely related.
Download or read book Mantle Plumes and Their Effects written by Mainak Choudhuri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a brief synopsis of the current academic understanding of the plume hypothesis, its surface manifestations and its shortcomings. It also describes methods for estimating the uplift history of a region due to plume activity. It discusses different models for the elastic properties of the lithosphere and their estimation as a background for plume emplacement, and introduces the plume hypothesis, describing the major plume types and their effect on the lithosphere. Two chapters are dedicated to the dynamic and permanent topography produced by an impinging plume head below the lithosphere and its estimation. It also presents the historical background of the plume hypothesis, its criticisms and alternatives.
Download or read book Interaction of Mantle Plumes and Oceanic Ridges written by Beth Gordon Rowen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Numerical and Laboratory Experiments on the Dynamics of Plume ridge Interaction Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mantle plumes and passive upwelling beneath ridges are the two dominant modes of mantle transport and thermal/chemical fluxing between the Earth's deep interior and surface. While plumes and ridges independently contribute to crustal accretion, they also interact and the dispersion of plumes within the upper mantle is strongly modulated by mid-ocean ridges. The simplest mode of interaction, with the plume centered on the ridge, has been well documented and modeled. The remaining question is how plumes and ridges interact when the plume is located off-axis; it has been suggested that a pipeline-like flow from the off-axis plume to the ridge axis at the base of the rigid lithosphere may develop. Mid-ocean ridges migrating away from hot mantle plumes can be affected by plume discharges over long times and ridge migration distances. Salient feature of this model is that off-axis plumes communicate with the ridge through a channel resulting from the refraction and dispersion of an axi-symmetric plume conduit along the base of the sloping lithosphere. To test the dynamics of this model, a series of numerical and laboratory dynamic experiments on the problem of a fixed ridge and an off-axis buoyant upwelling were conducted. Results are discussed.
Download or read book Mid Ocean Ridges written by Johnson Robin Cann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-07-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the most important problems that arise at mid-ocean ridges; for researchers working in the earth sciences.
Download or read book Introduction to Numerical Geodynamic Modelling written by Taras Gerya and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This user-friendly reference for students and researchers presents the basic mathematical theory, before introducing modelling of key geodynamic processes.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics written by Harsh Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 1579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few decades have witnessed the growth of the Earth Sciences in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the planet that we live on. This development addresses the challenging endeavor to enrich human lives with the bounties of Nature as well as to preserve the planet for the generations to come. Solid Earth Geophysics aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics and forms the intrinsic framework, which other allied disciplines utilize for more specific investigations. The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics was published in 1989 by Van Nostrand Reinhold publishing company. More than two decades later, this new volume, edited by Prof. Harsh K. Gupta, represents a thoroughly revised and expanded reference work. It brings together more than 200 articles covering established and new concepts of Geophysics across the various sub-disciplines such as Gravity, Geodesy, Geomagnetism, Seismology, Seismics, Deep Earth Processes, Plate Tectonics, Thermal Domains, Computational Methods, etc. in a systematic and consistent format and standard. It is an authoritative and current reference source with extraordinary width of scope. It draws its unique strength from the expert contributions of editors and authors across the globe. It is designed to serve as a valuable and cherished source of information for current and future generations of professionals.
Download or read book Plates Plumes and Paradigms written by Gillian R. Foulger and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Convection and Melting Processes in a Mantle Plume Under a Spreading Ridge with Application to the Iceland Plume written by Thomas Ruedas and published by Logos Verlag Berlin. This book was released on 2004 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mid-oceanic ridges and plumes are two major types of geodynamic features of the Earth and contribute significantly to terrestrial volcanism. Especially strong melt production in the mantle as well as increased crust formation and volcanic activity at the surface take place where a ridge and a plume coincide. This study combines a succinct survey of current knowledge on convection and melting in a plume--ridge setting with several series of numerical models probing the importance of various parameters for these processes; predictions of observables are also derived from the models. Emphasis is put on applications to Iceland, where such a setting is presently realized, and a geodynamic model for the upper mantle beneath Iceland is proposed.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences written by Jan Harff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally growing demand of energy and mineral resources, reliable future projection of climate processes and the protection of coasts to mitigate the threats of disasters and hazards require a comprehensive understanding of the structure, ongoing processes and genesis of the marine geosphere. Beyond the “classical” research fields in marine geology in current time more general concepts have been evolved integrating marine geophysics, hydrography, marine biology, climatology and ecology. As an umbrella the term “marine geosciences” has been broadly accepted for this new complex field of research and the solutions of practical tasks in the marine realm. The “Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences” comprises the current knowledge in marine geosciences whereby not only basic but also applied and technical sciences are covered. Through this concept a broad scale of users in the field of marine sciences and techniques is addressed from students and scholars in academia to engineers and decision makers in industry and politics.
Download or read book The Galapagos written by Karen S. Harpp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-07-22 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Galápagos Islands are renown for their unique flora and fauna, inspiring Charles Darwin in the elaboration of his theory of evolution. Yet in his Voyage of the Beagle, published in 1839, Darwin also remarked on the fascinating geology and volcanic origin of these enchanted Islands. Since then, the Galápagos continue to provide scientists with inspiration and invaluable information about ocean island formation and evolution, mantle plumes, and the deep Earth. Motivated by an interdisciplinary Chapman Conference held in the Islands, this AGU volume provides cross-disciplinary collection of recent research into the origin and nature of ocean islands, from their deepest roots in Earth's mantle, to volcanism, surface processes, and the interface between geology and biodiversity. Volume highlights include: Case studies in biogeographical, hydrological, and chronological perspective Understanding the connection between geological processes and biodiversity Synthesis of decades of interdisciplinary research in physical processes from surface to deep interior of the earth In-depth discussion of the concept of the island acting as a natural laboratory for earth scientists Integrated understanding of the Galápagos region from a geological perspective Collectively, The Galápagos presents case studies illustrating the Galápagos Archipelago as a dynamic natural laboratory for the earth sciences. This book would be of special interest to a multidisciplinary audience in earth sciences, including petrologists, volcanologists, geochronologists, geochemists, and geobiologists.
Download or read book Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions written by Hauke Marquardt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic processes occurring in Earth's mantle The convective motion of material in Earth's mantle, powered by heat from the deep interior of our planet, drives plate tectonics at the surface, generating earthquakes and volcanic activity. It shapes our familiar surface landscapes, and also stabilizes the oceans and atmosphere on geologic timescales. Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions brings together perspectives from observational geophysics, numerical modelling, geochemistry, and mineral physics to build a holistic picture of the deep Earth. It explores the dynamic processes occurring in the mantle as well as the associated heat and material cycles. Volume highlights include: Perspectives from different scientific disciplines with an emphasis on exploring synergies Current state of the mantle, its physical properties, compositional structure, and dynamic evolution Transport of heat and material through the mantle as constrained by geophysical observations, geochemical data and geodynamic model predictions Surface expressions of mantle dynamics and its control on planetary evolution and habitability The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Download or read book Dynamics of Mantle Plumes written by Juliane Dannberg and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mantle plumes are a link between different scales in the Earth's mantle: They are an important part of large-scale mantle convection, transporting material and heat from the core-mantle boundary to the surface, but also affect processes on a smaller scale, such as melt generation and transport and surface magmatism. When they reach the base of the lithosphere, they cause massive magmatism associated with the generation of large igneous provinces, and they can be related to mass extinction events (Wignall, 2001) and continental breakup (White and McKenzie, 1989). Thus, mantle plumes have been the subject of many previous numerical modelling studies (e.g. Farnetani and Richards, 1995; d'Acremont et al., 2003; Lin and van Keken, 2005; Sobolev et al., 2011; Ballmer et al., 2013). However, complex mechanisms, such as the development and implications of chemical heterogeneities in plumes, their interaction with mid-ocean ridges and global mantle flow, and melt ascent from the source region to the surface are still not very well understood;...
Download or read book Plates Plumes and Planetary Processes written by Gillian R. Foulger and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2007 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a collection of papers discussing various hypotheses and models of planetary plumes.
Download or read book Mantle Plumes written by Joachim R. R. Ritter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-27 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of mantle plumes is a key to understanding intraplate volcanism in the framework of modern plate tectonics. Recent progress in instrumental, analytical and satellite technology enables scientists to verify the plume hypothesis with seismic tomography, isotope geochemistry and other sophisticated techniques. In this book, a group of experts review these advances in plume research and present a general overview on recent plume studies.
