Download or read book Interacting Effects of Light and Sediment Sulfide on Eelgrass Zostera Marina L Growth written by William Ahlering Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Hypoxia and Sulfide Intrusion on Eelgrass Zostera Marina written by Melissa Ciesielski and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seagrasses written by Stephen A. Bortone and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-12-15 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seagrasses are becoming widely used as in situ indicators of the relative health and condition of subtropical and tropical estuarine ecosystems. To permit meaningful management of our estuaries, there is clearly a need to develop and refine ways of effectively monitoring and assessing seagrasses. Seagrasses: Monitoring, Ecology, Physiology, and
Download or read book A Study of Pore water Sulfide and Eelgrass Zostera Japonica and Zostera Marina in Padilla Bay Washington written by Annie Walser and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book European Seagrasses written by Jens Borum and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the report project is to define the habitat requirements of seagrasses in the European coasts, the present threats to the sustainability of the ecosystem they form, and their resilience to disturbance in order to strengthen our forecast capacity and formulate cost-effective monitoring plans and management strategies.
Download or read book Context dependent Species Interactions in Seagrass Ecosystems written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unifying observation in ecology is that environmental context can play a key role in regulating the sign, strength, and mechanisms of species interactions. Estuaries and coastal seas are ideal ecosystems for exploring the impacts of environmental variability on ecological interactions because they are characterized by strong, dynamic gradients of abiotic conditions, such as physical disturbance and biogeochemical stress. Estuaries also are heavily impacted by biotic disruptions, including overexploitation of top predators and invasion by non-native species. For my dissertation, I explored the effects of abiotic and biotic environmental context on species interactions in subtidal and intertidal meadows of eelgrass Zostera marina, a marine angiosperm and key habitat-forming species in temperate estuaries worldwide, in three unique chapters. First, I tested how disturbance mediates competition between eelgrass and the burrowing ghost shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis in several California estuaries by conducting a series of transplantation and disturbance experiments. I found that both live eelgrass and structural mimics of belowground eelgrass tissues cause rapid declines in local ghost shrimp abundances, indicating that plant structure is an important mechanism in determining ghost shrimp distributions. However, ghost shrimp quickly colonize disturbances to eelgrass patch edges, which are common in shallow estuaries. Thus, coexistence is maintained by disturbance and a competition-colonization trade-off: eelgrass is competitively superior, but physical disturbances permit ghost shrimp coexistence at the landscape scale by modulating the availability of space. Second, I explored how light availability influences the sign, strength, and mechanisms of interactions between eelgrass and blue mussels, Mytilus edulis. I hypothesized that light availability regulates bivalve habitat modification and subsequent impacts on seagrasses by shifting net effects between alleviation of nutrient stress and intensification of sulfide stress. I manipulated light availability and blue mussel abundance in eelgrass mesocosms and measured biogeochemical and plant responses. I found that light modifies the effect of mussels on porewater ammonium, but eelgrass was not nutrient limited and, therefore, mussels did not enhance growth. Mussels increase sediment sulfides irrespective of light availability and, by reducing net oxygen flux (production and respiration), mussels and low light availability exacerbate sulfide intrusion of eelgrass tissues. Surprisingly, I found that sulfide stress did not affect plant growth, survival, or energy stores. Thus, habitat modification by mussels represents a risk to eelgrass, especially during low productivity conditions, but eelgrass can resist harm from short-term stress, even during light limitation. These findings suggest that while bivalve impacts on seagrasses may be variable in oligotrophic estuaries, they are likely negative in eutrophic systems, which are increasing globally. Third, I examined how invasive mussels impact their native bivalve competitors through both direct effects and indirect, predator-mediated interactions. Competition is a major process by which introduced species impact native populations, communities, and ecosystems, but ecological theory predicts that invading prey can also interact with their native competitors indirectly through shared native predators. Nevertheless, indirect effects are largely overlooked in invasive species science and management. In southern California estuaries, introduction of the Asian mussel Arcuatula senhousia has been linked to profound changes in native bivalve assemblages. I performed three field experiments to assess the mechanisms of competition between Arcuatula and native bivalves, and evaluate the potential for Arcuatula to indirectly mediate native predator-prey dynamics. I found that Arcuatula reduces the diversity, abundance, and size of native bivalve recruits by preemptively exploiting sediment surface space. When paired with native shallow-dwelling clams, Arcuatula reduces adult survival through overgrowth competition. However, Arcuatula also attracts native predators, indirectly increasing predation of native clams, especially poorly-defended species. Therefore, the vulnerability of invasive prey to predation can greatly exacerbate impacts on their native competitors. Overall, my dissertation improves our basic understanding of the causes and consequences of variation in species interactions in shallow estuaries and coastal lagoons. Furthermore, this research enhances our ability to predict the impacts on species interactions caused by human-induced ecosystem disruptions, such as habitat destruction, eutrophication, and non-native species introductions, which are widespread concerns for estuaries and coastal seas.
Download or read book Global Seagrass Research Methods written by F.T. Short and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-11-06 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thorough and informative volume presents a set of detailed, globally applicable techniques for seagrass research.The book provides methods for all aspects of seagrass science from basic plant collection to statistical approaches and investigations of plant-animal interaction. The emphasis is on methods that are applicable in both developing and developed countries. The importance of seagrasses in coastal and near shore environments, and ultimately their contribution to the productivity of the world's oceans, has become increasingly recognised over the last 40 years.Seagrasses provide food for sea turtles, nearly 100 fish species, waterfowl and for the marine mammals the manatee and dugong. Seagrasses also support complex food webs by virtue of their physical structure and primary production and are well known for their role as breeding grounds and nurseries for important crustacean, finfish and shell fish populations. Seagrasses are the basis of an important detrital food chain. The plants filter nutrients and contaminants from the water, stabilise sediments and act as dampeners to wave action. Seagrasses rank with coral reefs and mangroves as some of the world's most productive coastal habitat and strong linkages among these habitats make the loss of seagrasses a contributing factor in the degradation of the world's oceans.Contributors from around the world provide up-to-date methods for comparable collection of ecological information from both temperate and tropical seagrass ecosystems.
Download or read book Seagrasses Biology Ecology and Conservation written by Anthony Larkum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seagrasses are unique plants; the only group of flowering plants to recolonise the sea. They occur on every continental margin, except Antarctica, and form ecosystems which have important roles in fisheries, fish nursery grounds, prawn fisheries, habitat diversity and sediment stabilisation. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research and information on all aspects of seagrass biology. However the compilation of all this work into one book has not been attempted previously. In this book experts in 26 areas of seagrass biology present their work in chapters which are state-of–the-art and designed to be useful to students and researchers alike. The book not only focuses on what has been discovered but what exciting areas are left to discover. The book is divided into sections on taxonomy, anatomy, reproduction, ecology, physiology, fisheries, management, conservation and landscape ecology. It is destined to become the chosen text on seagrasses for any marine biology course.
Download or read book Effects of Zostera Marina Roots and Leaf Detritus on the Concentration and Distribution of Pore water Sulfide in Marine Sediments written by Alexandra Garcia Simpson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Atlas of Seagrasses written by Frederick T. Short and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seagrasses are a vital and widespread but often overlooked coastal marine habitat. This volume provides a global survey of their distribution and conservation status.
Download or read book Methods of Seawater Analysis written by Klaus Grasshoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the book first appeared in 1976, Methods of Seawater Analysis has found widespread acceptance as a reliable and detailed source of information. Its second extended and revised edition published in 1983 reflected the rapid pace of instrumental and methodological evolution in the preceding years. The development has lost nothing of its momentum, and many methods and procedures still suffering their teething troubles then have now matured into dependable tools for the analyst. This is especially evident for trace and ultra-trace analyses of organic and inorganic seawater constituents which have diversified considerably and now require more space for their description than before. Methods to determine volatile halocarbons, dimethyl sulphide, photosynthetic pigments and natural radioactive tracers have been added as well as applications of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and various electrochemical methods for trace metal analysis. Another method not previously described deals with the determination of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide as part of standardised procedures to describe the marine CO2 system.
Download or read book Estuarine Nutrient Cycling The Influence of Primary Producers written by Søren Laurentius Nielsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-03 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a well-known fact that eutrophication of coastal waters causes significant changes in the species composition of the primary producers. Usually a shift from an ecosystem dominated by sea grasses or large brown algae to an ecosystem dominated by fast-growing green algae or phytoplankton is observed. While this shift has been documented in a number of research papers and books, the consequences of this shift are less well known. This book focuses on the consequences of such changes for nutrient cycling. The aim is to investigate how different types of primary producers influence nutrient cycling in coastal marine waters, and how nutrient cycling changes qualitatively and quantitatively as a consequence of the changes in the primary producer community caused by eutrophication. The various chapters address specific ecological processes such as grazing, decomposition, burial and export of biomass from the ecosystem. The book is intended for researchers and professionals working in the field of coastal marine ecology and estuarine ecology and for advanced students in this field.
Download or read book Seagrass Ecology written by Marten A. Hemminga and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-10-19 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seagrasses occur in coastal zones throughout the world, in the part of the marine habitat that is most heavily influenced by humans. Decisions about coastal management therefore often involve seagrasses, but a full appreciation of the role of seagrasses in coastal ecosystems has yet to be reached. This book provides an entry point for those wishing to learn about the ecology of this fascinating group of plants, and gives a broad overview of current knowledge, complemented by extensive literature references to guide the reader to more detailed studies.
Download or read book Plant responses to flooding written by Pierdomenico Perata and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seagrasses of Australia written by Anthony W. D. Larkum and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes the place of “Biology of Seagrasses: A Treatise on the Biology of Seagrasses with Special Reference to the Australian Region”, co-edited by A.W.D. Larkum, A.J. MaCComb and S.A. Shepherd and published by Elsevier in 1989. The first book has been influential, but it is now 25 years since it was published and seagrass studies have progressed and developed considerably since then. The design of the current book follows in the steps of the first book. There are chapters on taxonomy, floral biology, biogeography and regional studies. The regional studies emphasize the importance of Australia having over half of the world’s 62 species, including some ten species published for Australia since the previous book. There are a number of chapters on ecology and biogeography; fish biology and fisheries and dugong biology are prominent chapters. Physiological aspects again play an important part, including new knowledge on the role of hydrogen sulphide in sediments and on photosynthetic processes. Climate change, pollution and environmental degradation this time gain an even more important part of the book. Decline of seagrasses around Australia are also discussed in detail in several chapters. Since the first book was published two new areas have received special attention: blue carbon and genomic studies. Seagrasses are now known to be a very important player in the formation of blue carbon, i.e. carbon that has a long turnover time in soils and sediments. Alongside salt marshes and mangroves, seagrasses are now recognized as playing a very important role in the formation of blue carbon. And because Australia has such an abundance and variety of seagrasses, their role in blue carbon production and turnover is of great importance. The first whole genomes of seagrasses are now available and Australia has played an important role here. It appears that seagrasses have several different suites of genes as compared with other (land) plants and even in comparison with freshwater hydrophytes. This difference is leading to important molecular biological studies where the new knowledge will be important to the understanding and conservation of seagrass ecosystems in Australia. Thus by reason of its natural abundance of diverse seagrasses and a sophisticated seagrass research community in Australia it is possible to produce a book which will be attractive to marine biologists, coastal scientists and conservationists from many countries around the world.
Download or read book Eelgrass macroalgae Interactions written by Margot Hessing-Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the context-dependency of species interactions between seagrass and macroalgae in upwelling-influenced estuaries. In all coastal systems, nutrient loading is multidirectional, resulting from mostly freshwater and marine inputs. The directionality of nutrient inputs may affect the rate of supply of organic matter to the system. In systems where freshwater nutrient loading dominates, and has increased through time, research shows that blooms of fast-growing macroalgae often result in loss of critical seagrass habitats. In upwelling-influenced systems, marine- based nutrient inputs dominate during the summer, also resulting in blooms of ulvoid macroalgae during these productive months. The dominance of marine nutrients in these estuaries, coupled with additional variation in the physicochemical characteristics of seagrass beds, present novel contexts to study the outcomes of species interactions between the seagrass (Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) and ulvoid macroalgae. I studied these interactions at two different spatial scales that both address the relative importance of marine versus terrestrial nutrient sources on interaction outcome. Regionally, I studied between-estuary, latitudinal patterns in species interactions relative to differences in marine and terrestrial drivers of nutrient loading. Within an estuary, I also compared interactions among zones along an estuarine gradient, where nutrient patterns were reflective of the relative contribution of marine- based nutrients. At both scales of inquiry I employed both observational and experimental approaches to quantify species interaction dynamics. At the regional scale, I used a 5- year observational dataset from four estuaries along the Oregon and Washington coasts to study the relationship between eelgrass and ulvoid macroalgae (Chapter 2). Across latitudes that span ~220 km, macroalgal production was highest in the southern estuaries, and associated with decreased eelgrass production compared to the northern estuaries. However, through time, no estuarine site, regardless of its macroalgal biomass, was associated with declining eelgrass biomass. Contrary to systems where macroalgal production is driven by terrestrial inputs, I found that blooms in upwelling- influenced systems were associated with both marine and terrestrial drivers of nutrient inputs and production. In Coos Bay (South Slough), at the within-estuary scale, I also found differences in macroalgal and eelgrass biomass among sites along an estuarine gradient. Here too, based on a 2-year seasonal dataset of producer dynamics, I found no temporal relationship between eelgrass and macroalgae producer dynamics (Chapter 3). I used a comparative-experimental framework to understand the impact of macroalgal manipulations (additions and removals) on interactions with eelgrass along this gradient. In intertidal seagrass beds in the marine and polyhaline zones of the estuary I found that interaction strength was neutral and sometimes positive. However, in the riverine zone, interaction strength was negative, caused by decreased eelgrass density following macroalgal manipulation. To further examine the mechanisms informing interaction outcomes in the marine zone, a large-scale macroalgal manipulation was conducted, coupled with a mesocosm experiment (Chapter 4). For the mesocosm experiment I manipulated macroalgae and nutrients as in the field, but found dissimilar results. In the mesocosms, where water movement was limited and no tidal action occurred, negative effects of macroalgal addition were found. These were associated with increased light attenuation and decreased sediment oxygen levels. Contrary to these results, I found no macroalgal, or covariate effects in the field experiment. I also manipulated water column nutrients in both experiments, and found limited effects of nutrient enrichment on eelgrass, but not macroalgae, in the mesocosm experiment. Throughout these studies I demonstrated that the mechanisms determining context-dependency in upwelling-influenced estuaries are informed by physical and biogeochemical conditions, coupled with high ambient marine-derived nutrient concentrations. These findings are important to coastal management because they suggest that the strength, direction and mechanisms of interactions are shaped by local abiotic conditions and long-term nutrient regimes, rather than high nutrient concentrations per se. Given the shifting nature of nutrient concentrations in coastal waters associated with both coastal development and climate change, knowledge of context dependency can also be used to assess and forecast future changes in species interactions.
Download or read book Interactions Between Macro and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments written by and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2005-01-14 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine sediments support complex interactions between macro-and microorganisms that have global implications for carbon and nutrient cycles. What is the state of the science on such interactions from coastal and estuarine environments to the deep sea? How does such knowledge effect environmental management? And what does future research hold in store for scientists, engineers, resource managers, and educators?Interactions between Macro- and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments responds to these questions, and more, by focusing on:? Interactions between plants, microorganisms, and marine sediment? Interactions between animals, microorganisms, and marine sediment? Interactions between macro- and microorganisms and the structuring of benthic communities? Impact of macrobenthic activity on microbially-mediated geochemical cycles in sediments? Conceptual and numeric models of diagenesis that incorporate interactions between macro- and microorganismsHere is an authoritative overview of the research, experimentation and modeling approaches now in use in our rapidly evolving understanding of life in marine sediments.
