Download or read book Integrated Transceiver Chip Application in Free Space Optical Communication written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final report describes the design, fabrication, test methods, and performance analysis of a laser array. The developed multi-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) laser array chip provides for hybrid-integration with an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) based multiplexer (Mux) to form a transceiver chip on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) or silica platform. The developed WDMA laser array chip will be able to support different data interfaces and protocols. In addition, this program further developed Photonics Integrated Circuits (PICs) technology. PICs provide specific military benefits for reliable (less number of interconnects), smaller foot print, and light weight communication subsystems at the theater level, and multiplexing of multiple communication links onto a common free-apace laser link between ground uses and airborne vehicles such as Unmanned Air Vehicles.

Download or read book Monolithically Integrated Transceiver Chips for Bidirectional Optical Data Transmission written by Alexander Kern and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 850 nm wavelength are known for their attractive optical features and a continuously growing range of applications. The main goal of the present thesis is to demonstrate the feasibility of a monolithical integration of VCSELs with PIN-type photodiodes (PDs) for the operation as transceiver (TRx) chips in optical data links. The project milestones comprise the chip and the epitaxial layer design of the VCSEL–PIN PD device based on a traditional AlGaAs/GaAs material system, its fabrication development, electro-optical characterizations, and data transmission in a bidirectional optical link over a single, two-side butt-coupled standard graded-index (GI) multimode fiber (MMF). The monolithic design lowers the costs in the semiconductor technology as well as in packaging and additionally avoids the use of external optics, even though it is employed with a single 50 μm core diameter GI MMF. Thus, the very compact optical link saves space, weight, and module cost. Deep insights into the electro-optical properties of VCSELs and PIN PDs are given by the theoretical description and measurements. The limitations of small-signal modulation responses are of main interest of this thesis. Thus, the dynamic characteristics including the extraction of modeled parasitics are presented. Also the electrical and optical crosstalk between the integrated devices and both transmission channels as well as the fiber alignment tolerances are covered. The results in optical data transmission consisting of various experiments in half-duplex and full-duplex mode, both free-space and fiber-coupled over a single MMF are comprised. The monolithic TRx design is well suited for low-cost, compact optical links over distances of a few hundred meters. Capable to handle data rates of up to 10 Gbit/s and more, these TRx chips can be employed, e.g., to upgrade existing standard MMF networks to bidirectional operation or in mobile, low-cost, automotive networks.

Download or read book Free Space Optics written by Olivier Bouchet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-05 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free space optics is a telecommunications technique which is already being used for everyday exchange of information and has many advantages over other techniques (bandwidth, low cost, mobility of the equipment, security, etc.); within the next decade, it is likely to become an integral and essential part of data-processing architectures and telecommunications. A history of wireless optical telecommunications is given, together with a recapitulation of the application of the principles of electromagnetism to free-space optics. Coverage is also given to the transmitters and receivers of optical beams, whih are the basis of any optical communication system. These devices were responsible for the first truly significant advances in the performance of these systems. Special attention is given to the problems associated with the propagation of photons, both in the presence and absence of obstacles, since these are key issues in gaining an understanding of future telecommunication systems based on wireless optics. Finally, the authors considwer standards, as well as safety and confidentiality issues.

Download or read book High speed Optical Transceivers Integrated Circuits Designs And Optical Devices Techniques written by Yuyu Liu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-03-09 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the unique advantages and large inherent transmission capacity of optical fiber communication systems. The long-term and high-risk research challenges of optical transceivers are analyzed with a view to sustaining the seemingly insatiable demand for bandwidth. A broad coverage of topics relating to the design of high-speed optical devices and integrated circuits, oriented to low power, low cost, and small area, is discussed.Written by specialists with many years of research and engineering experience in the field of optical fiber communication, this book is essential for an audience dedicated to the development of integrated electronic systems for optical communication applications. It can also be used as a supplementary text for graduate courses on optical transceiver IC design.

Download or read book Principles and Applications of Free Space Optical Communications written by Arun K. Majumdar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book (which has 15 chapters) covers the principles, challenges, methodologies, techniques, and applications of Free Space Optical Communication for an audience of engineers, researchers, scientists, designers, and advanced students. Free Space Optical (FSO) Communication uses light propagation in free space (air, outer space, and vacuum) to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications and communication networking. FSO Communication is a key wireless and high-bandwidth technology for high speed large-capacity terrestrial and aerospace communications, which is often chosen as a complement or alternative to radio frequency communication. The propagating optical wave can be influenced negatively by random atmospheric changes such as wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, and pressure, thermal expansion, earthquakes, and high-rise buildings.

Download or read book Free Space Optical Communication written by Hemani Kaushal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-06 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth understanding of free space optical (FSO) communication with a particular emphasis on optical beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence. The book is structured in such a way that it provides a basic framework for the beginners and also gives a concise description from a designer’s perspective. The book provides an exposure to FSO technology, fundamental limitations, design methodologies, system trade-offs, acquisition, tracking and pointing (ATP) techniques and link-feasibility analysis. The contents of this book will be of interest to professionals and researchers alike. The book may also be used as a textbook for engineering coursework and professional training.

Download or read book Free Space Optical Communication written by A. Arockia Bazil Raj and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent progress in ICT has exceeded our expectations for meeting the requirement of multimedia society in the 21st century. The FSOC is considered to be one of the key technologies for realizing very high speed multi GbPs large-capacity terrestrial and aerospace communications. In FSOC, the optical beam propagation in the turbulent atmosphere is severely affected by various factors suspended in the channel. Wavefront aberration correcting with continuous beam alignment are the key requirements for a successful installation of an FSOC system which are the main contributions in our book. Establishment of FSOC setups, development of accurate weather station, measurement of atmospheric attenuation (Att) and turbulence strength (Cn2), development of new models to predict the Att and Cn2, design of Response Surface Model and Artificial Neural Network based on controller, implementation of neural-controller in FPGA and attaining the BER of 6.4x10^-9 during different outdoor environments. All the original contributions, newness, findings and experimental results etc., are reported in the book. Subject of work; Wireless Optical Communication. The content of the book can be referred by various application designers and/or academicians for working on FSOC transceiver design, laser cutting, laser metrology, laser surgery, beam focusing & pointing, beacon positioning and coupling etc. Further, all necessary MATLAB and VHDL codes are also given on appropriate pages for the readers' quick/ clear understanding.

Download or read book Terrestrial Free Space Optical Communications written by Ghassemlooy Z. and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Photonics for Data Communication Applications written by Madeleine Glick and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Photonics for Data Communications Applications reviews the key concepts, design principles, performance metrics and manufacturing processes from advanced photonic devices to integrated photonic circuits. The book presents an overview of the trends and commercial needs of data communication in data centers and high-performance computing, with contributions from end users presenting key performance indicators. In addition, the fundamental building blocks are reviewed, along with the devices (lasers, modulators, photodetectors and passive devices) that are the individual elements that make up the photonic circuits. These chapters include an overview of device structure and design principles and their impact on performance. Following sections focus on putting these devices together to design and fabricate application-specific photonic integrated circuits to meet performance requirements, along with key areas and challenges critical to the commercial manufacturing of photonic integrated circuits and the supply chains being developed to support innovation and market integration are discussed. This series is led by Dr. Lionel Kimerling Executive at AIM Photonics Academy and Thomas Lord Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT and Dr. Sajan Saini Education Director at AIM Photonics Academy at MIT. Each edited volume features thought-leaders from academia and industry in the four application area fronts (data communications, high-speed wireless, smart sensing, and imaging) and addresses the latest advances. - Includes contributions from leading experts and end-users across academia and industry working on the most exciting research directions of integrated photonics for data communications applications - Provides an overview of data communication-specific integrated photonics starting from fundamental building block devices to photonic integrated circuits to manufacturing tools and processes - Presents key performance metrics, design principles, performance impact of manufacturing variations and operating conditions, as well as pivotal performance benchmarks

Download or read book Optical Wireless Communications for Broadband Global Internet Connectivity written by Arun K. Majumdar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-19 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Wireless Communications for Broadband Global Internet Connectivity: Fundamental and Potential Applications provides a comprehensive overview for readers who require information about the fundamental science behind optical wireless communications, as well as up-to-date advanced knowledge of the state-of-the-art technologies available today. The book is a useful resource for scientists, researchers, engineers and students interested in understanding optical, wireless communication systems for global channels. Readers will find beneficial knowledge on how related technologies of optical wireless communications can be integrated into achieving worldwide Internet connectivity. Presents an in-depth coverage of information on optical wireless communication in a single source Combines the fundamentals with the most recent advanced technology of achieving global Internet access and connectivity Provides derivations of the mathematical equations Includes between chapter sections where information and learning from one chapter is connected to other chapters

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIA written by Nikos Bamiedakis and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical interconnection technologies are increasingly deployed in high-performance electronic systems to address challenges in connectivity, size, bandwidth, latency, and cost. Projected performance requirements are leading to formidable cost and energy efficiency challenges. Hybrid and integrated photonic technologies are currently being developed to reduce assembly complexity and to reduce the numbers of individually packaged parts. This chapter provides an overview of the important challenges that photonics currently face, identifies the various optical technologies that are being considered for use at the different interconnection levels, and presents examples of demonstrated state-of-the-art optical interconnection systems. Finally, the prospects and potential of these technologies in the near future are discussed.

Download or read book Optical Wireless Communications written by Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-04-03 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last three decades, interest in Infrared (IR) technology as a medium to convey information has grown considerably. This is reflected by the increasing number of devices such as laptops, PDAs, and mobile phones that incorporate optical wireless transceivers and also by the increasing number of optical wireless links available for indoor and

Download or read book Intra chip Free space Optical Interconnect written by Berkehan Ciftcioglu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The number of cores and their performance in microprocessors continue to increase with CMOS technology scaling. Communications between the processor cores and memory/processor interfaces will demand increasingly larger bandwidth, lower latency, and better signal integrity. A fundamental paradigm change therefore is required for intra- and inter-chip interconnects. Optical interconnects exhibit inherent advantages in bandwidth, loss, and delay compared to the conventional copper wire based electrical interconnects, and will potentially generate significant performance gains and energy savings in future microprocessors. Currently, the on-chip optical interconnect schemes already proposed utilize circuit switching using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) or all-optical packet switching, all based on planar optical waveguides and related photonic devices such as microrings. These proposed approaches pose signicant challenges in latency, energy effciency, integration, and scalability. This thesis presents a new alternative approach by utilizing free-space optics. This 3-D integrated intra-chip free-space optical interconnect (FSOI) leverages mature photonic devices such as integrated lasers, photodiodes, microlenses and mirrors. It takes full advantages of the latest developments in 3-D integration technologies. This interconnect system provides point-to-point free-space optical links between any two communication nodes to construct an all-to-all intra-chip communication network with little or no arbitration. Therefore, it has significant networking advantages over conventional electrical and waveguide-based optical interconnects. FSOI eliminates the delays and energy consumption associated with packet switching, routing, and buffering of the conventional electrical and other optical networks, hence reducing the idling time of cores during data package transmission, which is the major bottleneck in the real-world performance of multi-core processors. FSOI also reduces the inter- connect loss and provides no bandwidth degradation for long distance transmission, achieving large bandwidth density. It eliminates the losses associated with waveguide crossings in large-scale systems and reduces the routing complexity significantly. In addition, it eliminates the crosstalk between long waveguides, improving the signal integrity. Finally, improved signal integrity of FSOI simplifies the electronics into conventional transceivers and eliminates the need for advanced signal processing techniques or equalization. Overall, the proposed FSOI system can achieve low latency and high energy efficiency without sacrificing bandwidth density. An FSOI system is evaluated based on the real device parameters, predictive technology models and International Roadmap of Semiconductor's predictions. A single FSOI link achieves 10-Gbps data rate with 0.5-pJ/bit energy efficiency and less than 10 -12 bit-error-rate (BER). A system using this individual link can provide scalability up to 36 nodes, providing 10-Tbps aggregate bandwidth. A comparison analysis performed between a WDM-based waveguide interconnect system and the proposed FSOI system shows that FSOI achieves better energy efficiency than the WDM one as the technology scales. Similarly, network simulation on a 16-core microprocessor using the proposed FSOI system instead of mesh networks has been shown to speed up the system by 12% and reduce the energy consumption by 33%. As a part of the development of a 3-D integrated FSOI system, operating at 850 nm with a 10-Gbps data rate per optical link, the photonics devices and optical components are individually designed and fabricated. The photodiodes (PDs) are designed to have large area for efficient light coupling and low capacitance to achieve large bandwidth, while achieving reasonably high responsivity. A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure is chosen over p-i-n ones to reduce parasitic capacitance per area, to allow less stringent microlens-to-PD alignment for efficient light coupling with a large bandwidth. A novel MSM germanium PD is implemented using an amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer on top of the undoped germanium substrate, serving as a barrier enhancement layer, mitigating the low Schottky barrier height for holes due to fermi level pinning and a surface passivation layer, preventing charge accumulation and image force lowering of the barrier. Therefore, the dark current is reduced and low-frequency gain is eliminated. The PDs achieve a 13-GHz bandwidth with a 0.315-A/W responsivity and a 1.7-nA[mu]m2 dark current density. The microlenses are fabricated on a fused silica substrate based on the photoresist melt-and-reflow technique, followed by dry etching into fused silica substrate. The measured focal length of a 220-[mu]m aperture size microlens is 350-[mu]m away from the backside of the substrate. The vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are fabricated on a commercial molecular beam epitaxially (MBE) grown GaAs wafer. The fabricated 8-[mu]m aperture size VCSEL can achieve 0.65-mW optical power at a 1.5-mA forward bias current with a threshold current of 0.48 mA and a 0.67-A/W slope efficiency. Three prototypes are implemented via integrating the individually fabricated components using non-conductive epoxy and wirebonding. The first prototype, built on a printed circuit board (PCB) using commercial VCSEL arrays, achieves a 5-dB transmission loss and less than -30-dB crosstalk at 1-cm distance with a small-signal bandwidth of 10 GHz, limited by the VCSEL. The second board-level prototype uses all fabricated components integrated on a PCB. The prototype achieves a 9-dB transmission loss at 3-cm distance and a 4.4-GHz bandwidth. The chip-level prototype is built on a germanium carrier with integrated MSM Ge PDs, microlenses on fused silica and VCSEL chip on GaAs substrates. The prototype achieves 4-dB transmission loss at 1 cm and 3.3-GHz bandwidth, limited by commercial VCSEL bandwidth"--Leaves vi-viii.

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VII written by Alan Willner and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 1119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With optical fiber telecommunications firmly entrenched in the global information infrastructure, a key question for the future is how deeply will optical communications penetrate and complement other forms of communication (e.g., wireless access, on-premises networks, interconnects, and satellites). Optical Fiber Telecommunications, the seventh edition of the classic series that has chronicled the progress in the research and development of lightwave communications since 1979, examines present and future opportunities by presenting the latest advances on key topics such as: - Fiber and 5G-wireless access networks - Inter- and intra-data center communications - Free-space and quantum communication links Another key issue is the use of advanced photonics manufacturing and electronic signal processing to lower the cost of services and increase the system performance. To address this, the book covers: - Foundry and software capabilities for widespread user access to photonic integrated circuits - Nano- and microphotonic components - Advanced and nonconventional data modulation formats The traditional emphasis of achieving higher data rates and longer transmission distances are also addressed through chapters on space-division-multiplexing, undersea cable systems, and efficient reconfigurable networking. This book is intended as an ideal reference suitable for university and industry researchers, graduate students, optical systems implementers, network operators, managers, and investors. Quotes: "This book series, which owes much of its distinguished history to the late Drs. Kaminow and Li, describes hot and growing applied topics, which include long-distance and wideband systems, data centers, 5G, wireless networks, foundry production of photonic integrated circuits, quantum communications, and AI/deep-learning. These subjects will be highly beneficial for industrial R&D engineers, university teachers and students, and funding agents in the business sector." Prof. Kenichi IgaPresident (Retired), Tokyo Institute of Technology "With the passing of two luminaries, Ivan Kaminow and Tingye Li, I feared the loss of one of the premier reference books in the field. Happily, this new version comes to chronicle the current state-of-the-art and is written by the next generation of leaders. This is a must-have reference book for anyone working in or trying to understand the field of optical fiber communications technology."Dr. Donald B. Keck Vice President, Corning, Inc. (Retired) "This book is the seventh edition in the definitive series that was previously marshaled by the extraordinary Ivan Kaminow and Tingye Li, both sadly no longer with us. The series has charted the remarkable progress made in the field, and over a billion kilometers of optical fiber currently snake across the globe carrying ever-increasing Internet traffic. Anyone wondering about how we will cope with this incredible growth must read this book." Prof. Sir David Payne Director, Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton - Updated edition presents the latest advances in optical fiber components, systems, subsystems and networks - Written by leading authorities from academia and industry - Gives a self-contained overview of specific technologies, covering both the state-of-the-art and future research challenges

Download or read book Green Electronics Manufacturing written by John X. Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-07-25 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going "green" is becoming a major component of the mission for electronics manufacturers worldwide. While this goal seems simplistic, it poses daunting dilemmas. Yet, to compete effectively in the global economy, manufacturers must take the initiative to drive this crucial movement. Green Electronics Manufacturing: Creating Environmental Sensible Products provides you with a complete reference to design, develop, build, and install an electronic product with special consideration for the product’s environmental impacts during its whole life cycle. The author discusses how to integrate the state-of-the-art technologies of finite element method (FEM) modeling, simulation, and testing to create environmental sensible products of satisfying global environmental regulations, such as Restriction of Hazardous Substances (ROHS) compliance. He covers enabling techniques such as advanced fatigue life modeling, crack propagation analysis, and probabilistic robust design of lead-free electronics. The book also explores how risk engineering methodology empowers practitioners with effective tools such as buckling analysis of tin whiskers. With its emphasis on reducing parts, rationing materials, and reusing components to make products more efficient to build, green electronics intertwines today’s electronics with manufacturing strategies of global sourcing, concurrent engineering, and total quality. Implemented through product and process design, it can help you achieve sustainability to support future generations and at the same time preserve our natural resources. Green Electronics Manufacturing: Creating Environmental Sensible Products gives you the tools to create environmental sensible products while maintaining electronics quality and reliability.

Download or read book Transceiver Selection for Multi element Free space optical Communications written by Abdullah Sevincer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus on wireless networking technologies has always been on radio frequency (RF). However, the capacity of these networks is limited by the availability of the RF spectrum. On the other hand, recent wireless applications have increased the demand for higher speed connections driving the need for higher capacity on the RF spectrum. It is expected that the demand will always stay hungry for more capacity and power, and RF spectrum is close to its saturation and may not be capable of handling future heavy loads. Hence, there is an urgent need for alternative wireless technologies that can complement legacy RF. Recently, Free-Space-Optical (FSO) communication has gained prominence as a technology complementary to RF since it has the potential to deliver wireless communication links at optical-level speeds. FSO transmitters are directional and have the advantage of high-speed modulation. An omni-directional FSO antenna can be built by using multiple transceivers on a spherical structure that will virtually behave like the traditional RF antennas. However, maintenance of line-of-sight (LOS) between transceivers during an ongoing transmission is an important issue that comes with the cost of directionality. Today, the maintenance of LOS in FSO communications is managed by mechanical steering mechanisms that are not flexible and fast enough to recover the disruptions in a mobile scenario. To remedy this problem first, we propose an electronic steering mechanism and an LOS maintenance algorithm for multi-transceiver FSO structures. The electronic steering mechanism and the LOS algorithm provide an ability to maintain optical wireless links with minimal disruptions caused by relative mobility of communicating nodes. Second, we explore the possibility of using the directionality of FSO communications for solving the 3-D localization problem in ad-hoc networking environments along with simulations and proof-of-concept prototype experiments. Lastly, we explore ways of making the LOS maintenance algorithm more energy efficient. The basic versions of the electronic steering mechanism and the LOS algorithm recover from disruptions caused by mobility; however, they do so by activating all the transceivers. This is not efficient in terms of circuit design and power consumption. We design an efficient algorithm, which will manage LOS alignments by activating a smaller number of transceivers instead of keeping all the transceivers busy. We focus on transceiver selection mechanisms to select an optimal subset of transceivers in spherical modules covered with multiple directional FSO transceivers. We design, evaluate, and simulate two different transceiver selection algorithms: Single Mode Selection and Two Mode Selection. We conclude by providing performance results of NS-2 simulations, conclusions, and future work.

Download or read book Fiber Optic Data Communication written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-04-13 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an authoritative review of current and future trends in the field of telecommunications. Written by industry experts who are developing leading-edge data communication networks, Fiber Optic Data Communication provides professionals and students alike with a look at emerging technologies and their applications. Four of the chapters have been revised from DeCusatis's best-selling book, Handbook of Fiber Optic Data Communications; the remaining eight chapters are all new. Seven helpful appendices, a glossary, and a list of technical acronyms are included. This book can stand alone or as a companion volume to DeCusatis: Handbook of Fiber Optic Data Communication, Second Edition (February 2002, ISBN: 0-12-207891-8). - Includes emerging technologies such as Infiniband, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, and MPLS Optical Switching - Describes leading edge commercial products, including LEAF and MetroCore fibers, dense wavelength multiplexing, and Small Form Factor transceiver packages - Covers all major industry standards, often written by the same people who designed the standards themselves - Includes an expanded listing of references on the World Wide Web, plus hard-to-find references for international, homologation, and type approval requirements - Convenient tables of key optical datacom parameters and glossary with hundreds of definitions and acronyms - Industry buzzwords explained, including SAN, NAS, and MAN networking - Datacom market analysis and future projections from industry leading forecasters