Download or read book Integrated Modeling and Optimization of Hybrid Electric Aircraft Power and Thermal Management Systems written by Andrew Iezzi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis proposes a multi-disciplinary optimization framework for the design of aircraft electro-thermal energy systems. In this framework, components are modeled using a method called graph-based modeling. Graph-based modeling utilizes the principle of transient conservation of energy to model the states of a control volume. With this modeling structure, an energy system's state equations can be expressed in terms of transient conservation of energy and these equations can be combined into a set of compact matrix equations. This compact representation of energy systems allows multiple energy domains to be coupled and simulated together with one set of modeling equations. Graph-based modeling also allows easy access to the network structure of the system. This modeling approach is employed within an optimal control formulation to optimize both system-level design parameters and open-loop control trajectories. In total, this framework will allow for multi-disciplinary modeling and design of aircraft energy systems. Case studies for a series hybrid-electric aircraft architecture demonstrate how key parameters of the electrical system, such as battery capacity, can be designed together with the associated thermal management systems for a representative transient flight.

Download or read book 2023 Asia Pacific International Symposium on Aerospace Technology APISAT 2023 Proceedings written by Song Fu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1991 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vehicle Level Transient Aircraft Thermal Management Modeling and Simulation written by Adam B. Donovan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advances in technology are expected to increase the capabilities of next generation aircraft, and these advances will increase the thermal load on the aircraft as well. In order to assess and account for these increased thermal loads, three studies were performed: a fuel pump trade study, a high energy pulsed system (HEPS) implementation study, and a legacy vehicle environmental control system (ECS) study. The fuel pump study addresses the effect of the implementation of a centrifugal fuel pump versus a variable displacement fuel pump. Traditionally, aircraft designers have used a centrifugal fuel pump over a piston based pump based primarily on mass, volume, cost, and reliability. This study considers specific excess power (SEP), fuel burn and thermal margin and shows the piston based pump performing superior mainly because it eliminates fuel recirculation resulting in an increased thermal margin. This investigation demonstrates the benefit of capturing component level models and thermal concerns in the conceptual design process. Both of these issues are vital to the development of future aircraft designs. Additional research needs to be completed to compare both pumps based on the mass and volume of each system. The second study investigates the implementation of a HEPS device at an air vehicle level. HEPS generate excessive amounts of heat during operation, creating challenges in how to integrate them into an aircraft without overwhelming the vehicle’s power and thermal management systems (TMS). In order to evaluate the impact of the HEPS electrical and thermal load on the aircraft's mission, a vehicle level modeling and simulation (M&S) effort must be executed of the power and thermal management systems. To accurately evaluate the total effect on the aircraft, the HEPS must be integrated into a Tip to Tail (T2T) model of the system that includes the aircraft power and thermal management subsystems. With the HEPS system integrated into the T2T model, not only can its mass and volume effects be analyzed, but also the transient power and thermal loads created by the new system can be evaluated for their effect on other aircraft subsystems. Furthermore, the aircraft subsystems can be optimized to vehicle level metrics instead of subsystem level only. This will result in a more effective and balanced overall aircraft design. Using a T2T model to evaluate the integration of a HEPS system on an aircraft will enable assessment of its overall impact to next generation aircraft. Therefore, the significant impact of highly dynamic power and thermal loads on next generation aircraft is addressed. The third study is the implementation of an air cycle based ECS in a legacy (4th generation) air vehicle. Relatively few attempts have been made to define appropriate validation testing constructs for T2T analysis in a transient mode of operation. Current research addresses the process of validation testing using legacy aircraft systems in order to acquire relevant data that will lead to the validation of existing models, and different modeling methods. The model developed in this work will eventually be utilized in these validation efforts at a later date. To this end, an air vehicle system (AVS), turbine engine, generator, and environmental control system (ECS) have been modeled in a T2T model of the actual legacy system. In particular, this study will focus on the creation and integration of the ECS model. The ECS uses an air cycle machine, which utilizes a Brayton refrigeration cycle to cool the air to the cockpit and avionics. The ECS model will be shown to successfully cool these components while subjected to varying bleed rates from the turbine engine.

Download or read book Aircraft Thermal Management written by Mark Ahlers and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2016-05-02 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft thermal management (ATM) is increasingly important to the design and operation of commercial and military aircraft due to rising heat loads from expanded electronic functionality, electric systems architectures, and the greater temperature sensitivity of composite materials compared to metallic structures. It also impacts engine fuel consumption associated with removing waste heat from an aircraft. More recently the advent of more electric architectures on aircraft, such as the Boeing 787, has led to increased interest in the development of more efficient ATM architectures by the commercial airplane manufacturers. The ten papers contained in this book describe aircraft thermal management system architectures designed to minimize airplane performance impacts which could be applied to commercial or military aircraft. Additional information on Aircraft Thermal Management System Architectures is available from SAE AIR 5744 issued by the AC-9 Aircraft Environmental System Committee and the SAE book Aircraft Thermal Management Integrated Analysis (PT-178). SAE AIR 5744 defines the discipline of aircraft thermal management system engineering while Aircraft Thermal Management Integrated Analysis discusses approaches to computer simulation of the simultaneous operation of all systems affecting thermal management on an aircraft.

Download or read book Hybrid Electric Power Train Engineering and Technology Modeling Control and Simulation written by Szumanowski, Antoni and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybridization is an increasingly popular paradigm in the auto industry, but one that is not fully understood by car manufacturers. In general, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are designed without regard to the mechanics of the power train, which is developed similarly to its counterparts in internal combustion engines. Hybrid Electric Power Train Engineering and Technology: Modeling, Control, and Simulation provides readers with an academic investigation into HEV power train design using mathematical modeling and simulation of various hybrid electric motors and control systems. This book explores the construction of the most energy efficient power trains, which is of importance to designers, manufacturers, and students of mechanical engineering. This book is part of the Research Essentials collection.

Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.

Download or read book Hybrid Electric Vehicle System Modeling and Control written by Wei Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition includes approximately 30% new materials covering the following information that has been added to this important work: extends the contents on Li-ion batteries detailing the positive and negative electrodes and characteristics and other components including binder, electrolyte, separator and foils, and the structure of Li-ion battery cell. Nickel-cadmium batteries are deleted. adds a new section presenting the modelling of multi-mode electrically variable transmission, which gradually became the main structure of the hybrid power-train during the last 5 years. newly added chapter on noise and vibration of hybrid vehicles introduces the basics of vibration and noise issues associated with power-train, driveline and vehicle vibrations, and addresses control solutions to reduce the noise and vibration levels. Chapter 10 (chapter 9 of the first edition) is extended by presenting EPA and UN newly required test drive schedules and test procedures for hybrid electric mileage calculation for window sticker considerations. In addition to the above major changes in this second edition, adaptive charging sustaining point determination method is presented to have a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with optimum performance.

Download or read book Handbook of Model Based Systems Engineering written by Azad M. Madni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-25 with total page 1362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook brings together diverse domains and technical competences of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) into a single, comprehensive publication. It is intended for researchers, practitioners, and students/educators who require a wide-ranging and authoritative reference on MBSE with a multidisciplinary, global perspective. It is also meant for those who want to develop a sound understanding of the practice of systems engineering and MBSE, and/or who wish to teach both introductory and advanced graduate courses in systems engineering. It is specifically focused on individuals who want to understand what MBSE is, the deficiencies in current practice that MBSE overcomes, where and how it has been successfully applied, its benefits and payoffs, and how it is being deployed in different industries and across multiple applications. MBSE engineering practitioners and educators with expertise in different domains have contributed chapters that address various uses of MBSE and related technologies such as simulation and digital twin in the systems lifecycle. The introductory chapter reviews the current state of practice, discusses the genesis of MBSE and makes the business case. Subsequent chapters present the role of ontologies and meta-models in capturing system interdependencies, reasoning about system behavior with design and operational constraints; the use of formal modeling in system (model) verification and validation; ontology-enabled integration of systems and system-of-systems; digital twin-enabled model-based testing; system model design synthesis; model-based tradespace exploration; design for reuse; human-system integration; and role of simulation and Internet-of-Things (IoT) within MBSE.

Download or read book Application of Artificial Intelligence in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management written by Jili Tao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-23 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Application of Artificial Intelligence in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management presents the state-of-the-art in hybrid electric vehicle system modelling and management. With a focus on learning-based energy management strategies, the book provides detailed methods, mathematical models, and strategies designed to optimize the energy management of the energy supply module of a hybrid vehicle.The book first addresses the underlying problems in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) modeling, and then introduces several artificial intelligence-based energy management strategies of HEV systems, including those based on fuzzy control with driving pattern recognition, multi objective optimization, fuzzy Q-learning and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithms. To help readers apply these management strategies, the book also introduces State of Charge and State of Health prediction methods and real time driving pattern recognition. For each application, the detailed experimental process, program code, experimental results, and algorithm performance evaluation are provided.Application of Artificial Intelligence in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management is a valuable reference for anyone involved in the modelling and management of hybrid electric vehicles, and will be of interest to graduate students, researchers, and professionals working on HEVs in the fields of energy, electrical, and automotive engineering. - Provides a guide to the modeling and simulation methods of hybrid electric vehicle energy systems, including fuel cell systems - Describes the fundamental concepts and theory behind CNN, MPC, fuzzy control, multi objective optimization, fuzzy Q-learning and DDPG - Explains how to use energy management methods such as parameter estimation, Q-learning, and pattern recognition, including battery State of Health and State of Charge prediction, and vehicle operating conditions

Download or read book Modeling and Design Optimization of Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrains written by Maryyeh Chehresaz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) were introduced in response to rising environmental challenges facing the automotive sector. HEVs combine the benefits of electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, integrating an electrical system (a battery and an electric motor) with an engine to provide improved fuel economy and reduced emissions, while maintaining adequate driving range. By comparison with conventional HEVs, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have larger battery storage systems and can be fully charged via an external electric power source such as the electrical grid. Of the three primary PHEV architectures, power-split architectures tend to provide greater efficiencies than parallel or series systems; however, they also demonstrate more complicated dynamics. Thus, in this research project, the problem of optimizing the component sizes of a power-split PHEV was addressed in an effort to exploit the flexibility of this powertrain system and further improve the vehicle's fuel economy, using a Toyota plug-in Prius as the baseline vehicle. Autonomie software was used to develop a vehicle model, which was then applied to formulate an optimization problem for which the main objective is to minimize fuel consumption over standard driving cycles. The design variables considered were: the engine's maximum power, the number of battery cells and the electric motor's maximum power. The genetic algorithm approach was employed to solve the optimization problem for various drive cycles and an acceptable reduction in fuel consumption was achieved thorough the sizing process. The model was validated against a MapleSim model. This research project successfully delivered a framework that integrates an Autonomie PHEV model and genetic algorithm optimization and can be used to address any HEV parameter optimization problem, with any objective, constraints, design variables and optimization parameters.

Download or read book Green Aviation written by Ramesh Agarwal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Aviation is the first authoritative overview of both engineering and operational measures to mitigate the environmental impact of aviation. It addresses the current status of measures to reduce the environmental impact of air travel. The chapters cover such items as: Engineering and technology-related subjects (aerodynamics, engines, fuels, structures, etc.), Operations (air traffic management and infrastructure) Policy and regulatory aspects regarding atmospheric and noise pollution. With contributions from leading experts, this volume is intended to be a valuable addition, and useful resource, for aerospace manufacturers and suppliers, governmental and industrial aerospace research establishments, airline and aviation industries, university engineering and science departments, and industry analysts, consultants, and researchers.

Download or read book Vehicle Power Management written by Xi Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-12 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vehicle Power Management addresses the challenge of improving vehicle fuel economy and reducing emissions without sacrificing vehicle performance, reliability and durability. It opens with the definition, objectives, and current research issues of vehicle power management, before moving on to a detailed introduction to the modeling of vehicle devices and components involved in the vehicle power management system, which has been proven to be the most cost-effective and efficient method for initial-phase vehicle research and design. Specific vehicle power management algorithms and strategies, including the analytical approach, optimal control, intelligent system approaches and wavelet technology, are derived and analyzed for realistic applications. Vehicle Power Management also gives a detailed description of several key technologies in the design phases of hybrid electric vehicles containing battery management systems, component optimization, hardware-in-the-loop and software-in-the-loop. Vehicle Power Management provides graduate and upper level undergraduate students, engineers, and researchers in both academia and the automotive industry, with a clear understanding of the concepts, methodologies, and prospects of vehicle power management.

Download or read book Analysis of Aircraft Power Systems Including System Modeling and Energy Optimization with Predictions of Future Aircraft Development written by Richard Alexander and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aviation industry has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of the major rise in electric power system technology for the past several decades. With more electric aircraft (MEA) now defining the new industry standard, the new future vision is toward all-electric aircraft, wherein conventional power systems and propulsion sources are electrified. Achieving all-electric aircraft will require optimization of energy source usage onboard existing MEA. By first considering the problem under a simplified environment, such as a hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) power system, energy optimization techniques can be explored before being considered for larger applications. This work first presents a method for system modeling and optimizing the usage of energy sources for a hybrid UAV system. The energy optimization is presented through a dynamic programming algorithm, which considers the system under only the fundamental constraints. The system modeling aspect is presented as a virtual UAV model, which considers all of the nonlinear constraints present upon the system. The virtual UAV model validates the results from the algorithm to ensure the anticipated operation is feasible under realistic system constraints. This work then uses the results from the hybrid UAV study, and extends it to a study of larger commercial aircraft with the focus being on the transition to all-electric aircraft. Power system architectures, voltage levels, power requirements, and load characteristics are examined on existing electric vehicle applications, and predictions are made of what the future all-electric aircraft will look like. Additionally, the primary challenges of accomplishing “all-electric” status are discussed, including existing propulsion methods and battery chemistry. Finally, the paper discusses some recent advances toward all-electric aircraft, which further shows the bright future for the all-electric aircraft.

Download or read book Hybrid Poly generation Energy Systems written by Mehdi Mehrpooya and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid Poly-generation Energy Systems: Thermal Design and Exergy Analysis provides an analysis of the latest technologies and concepts of hybrid energy systems, focusing on thermal applications. The book guides readers through an introduction to hybrid poly-generation systems and the storage options available before working through the types of hybrid systems, including solar, fuel cells, combustion, and heating and cooling. An analysis of the economic and environmental impact of each system is included, as well as methods and approaches for exergy and energy improvement analysis. This book can be used as a tool for understanding new concepts in this emerging field and as a reference for researchers and professionals working on the integrated cogeneration of power systems. - Guides the reader through hybrid processes they can apply to their own system designs - Explains operational processes and includes multiple examples of optimization techniques - Includes renewable energy sources, CO2 capturing processes in combined systems and advanced exergy analysis methods

Download or read book Optimal Allocation of Thermodynamic Irreversibility for the Integrated Design of Propulsion and Thermal Management Systems written by Adam Charles Maser and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More electric aircraft systems, high power avionics, and a reduction in heat sink capacity have placed a larger emphasis on correctly satisfying aircraft thermal management requirements during conceptual design. Thermal management systems must be capable of dealing with these rising heat loads, while simultaneously meeting mission performance. Since all subsystem power and cooling requirements are ultimately traced back to the engine, the growing interactions between the propulsion and thermal management systems are becoming more significant. As a result, it is necessary to consider their integrated performance during the conceptual design of the aircraft gas turbine engine cycle to ensure that thermal requirements are met. This can be accomplished by using thermodynamic modeling and simulation to investigate the subsystem interactions while conducting the necessary design trades to establish the engine cycle. As the foundation for this research, a parsimonious, transparent thermodynamic model of propulsion and thermal management systems performance was created with a focus on capturing the physics that have the largest impact on propulsion design choices. A key aspect of this approach is the incorporation of physics-based formulations involving the concurrent usage of the first and second laws of thermodynamics to achieve a clearer view of the component-level losses. This is facilitated by the direct prediction of the exergy destruction distribution throughout the integrated system and the resulting quantification of available work losses over the time history of the mission. The characterization of the thermodynamic irreversibility distribution helps give the designer an absolute and consistent view of the tradeoffs associated with the design of the system. Consequently, this leads directly to the question of the optimal allocation of irreversibility across each of the components. An irreversibility allocation approach based on the economic concept of resource allocation is demonstrated for a canonical propulsion and thermal management systems architecture. By posing the problem in economic terms, exergy destruction is treated as a true common currency to barter for improved efficiency, cost, and performance. This then enables the propulsion systems designer to better fulfill system-level requirements and to create a system more robust to future requirements.

Download or read book Comprehensive Model based Design and Analysis Approach for Thermal Management Systems in Hybridized Vehicles written by Joshua Kurtis Carroll and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research effort focuses on thermal management system (TMS) design for a high-performance, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV). The thermal performance for various components in an electrified powertrain is investigated using a 3D finite difference model for a complete vehicle system, including inherently temperature-sensitive components. The components include the electric motor (EM), power electronics, Energy Storage System (ESS), and Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). A model-based design approach is utilized, where a combination of experimental work and simulation are integrated. After defining heat sources and heat sinks within the power train system, temporal and spatial boundary conditions were extracted experimentally to facilitate the 3D simulation under different road-load scenarios. Material properties, surface conditions, and environmental factors were defined for the geometrical surface mesh representation of the system. Meanwhile the finite differencing code handles the heat transfer phenomena via conduction and radiation, all convective heat transfer mode within the powertrain are defined using fluid nodes and fluid streams within the powertrain. Conclusions are drawn through correlating experimental results to the outcome from the thermal model. The outcome from this research effort is a 3D thermal performance predictive tool that can be utilized in order to evaluate the design of advanced thermal management systems (TMSs) for alternative powertrains in early design/concept stages of the development process. For future work, it is recommended that a full validation of the 3D thermal model be completed. Subsequently, design improvements can be made to the TMS. Some possible improvements include analysis and evaluation of shielding of the catalytic converter, exhaust manifold, and power electronics, as well as substituting for material with better thermal performance in other temperature-sensitive components, where applicable. The result of this improvement in design would be achieving an effective TMS for a high-performance PHEV.

Download or read book Hybrid Energy System Models written by Asmae Berrada and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid Energy System Models presents a number of techniques to model a large variety of hybrid energy systems in all aspects of sizing, design, operation, economic dispatch, optimization and control. The book's authors present a number of new methods to model hybrid energy systems and several renewable energy systems, including photovoltaic, solar plus wind and hydropower, energy storage, and combined heat and power systems. With critical modeling examples, global case studies and techno-economic modeling integrated in every chapter, this book is essential to understanding the development of affordable energy systems globally, particularly from renewable resources. With a detailed overview and a comparison of hybrid energy systems used in different regions, as well as innovative hybrid energy system designs covered, this book is useful for practicing power and energy engineers needing answers for what factors to consider when modeling a hybrid energy system and what tools are available to model hybrid systems. Combines research on several renewable energy systems, energy storage, and combined heat and power systems into a single informative resource on hybrid energy systems Includes significant global case studies of current and novel modeling techniques for comparison Covers numerical simulations of hybrid systems energy modeling and applications