Download or read book Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment written by Eitan Yefenof and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the interplay between cancer cells and host immunity has been studied systemically. Recent studies, however, indicate that the tumor microenvironment is unique in providing both supportive and inhibitory factors that determine the fate of the tumor and its host. This volume compiles reviews on innate and adaptive immune responses at the tumor microenvironment with emphasis on positive and negative outcomes that affect the progression of the disease.

Download or read book Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment written by Eitan Yefenof and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the interplay between cancer cells and host immunity has been studied systemically. Recent studies, however, indicate that the tumor microenvironment is unique in providing both supportive and inhibitory factors that determine the fate of the tumor and its host. This volume compiles reviews on innate and adaptive immune responses at the tumor microenvironment with emphasis on positive and negative outcomes that affect the progression of the disease.

Download or read book Cancer Immunotherapy written by Kenneth F. May and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay of innate and adaptive antitumor immunity dictates the intensity and outcome of the endogenous anticancer response. Stress-induced molecules on tumor cells trigger innate immune reactions, whereas the processing and presentation of tumor-associated antigens evokes adaptive immune recognition. Innate and adaptive antitumor responses may impact tumor development in different ways. In some cases, endogenous reactions suppress tumor formation, while exerting a selective pressure that fosters the emergence of escape variants. Alternatively, some host responses promote tumor cell growth, invasion, and metastasis through the elaboration of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Investigations have uncovered unique and overlapping roles for innate and adaptive anti tumor immunity, revealing a complex network of interactions among tumor cells, immune elements, and stromal components within the tumor microenvironment, which together shape the direction, quality, and dynamics of the anticancer response.

Download or read book Understanding the Crosstalk Between Immune Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer and Its Implications for Immunotherapy written by Noha Mousaad Elemam and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-13 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the current challenges and failures of immunotherapy is in part due to the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that provides a formidable barrier to immune infiltration and function. The TME consists of various cell types (tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells), soluble signaling molecules (cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines), and extracellular matrix. On another note, metabolic disturbances in various TME components, such as hypoxia, acidosis, lactate accumulation, and nutrient deprivation, can play a critical role in the tumor progression. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic dysfunctions are known to be part of the characteristics of cancer development. The immune cells could have a pro- or anti-tumor role in the TME, and their activity might vary in the context of different cancers. Both innate and adaptive immune cells interact with tumor cells through direct contact or through chemokines and cytokines signaling, shaping the tumor's activity and response to therapy.

Download or read book Understanding convergent evasion mechanisms in cancer and chronic infection Implications for immunotherapy written by Matthias Theobald and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-06-04 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems function to recognize and clear pathogens or transformed cells, but inefficient interactions between these two systems can result in harmful immunologic responses including chronic infections and the development of cancer. Several hallmarks of dysfunctional adaptive immune responses often detected in tumors share specific features with ineffective immunity in chronic infections. The members of the micromilieu actively participate in the process of tumorigenesis or chronification of infection by modulating innate and adaptive immune system interactions leading e.g. to insufficient T cell responses. The best example is given by the acquisition of an “exhausted” state of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) responding to chronic infections or tumors that are associated with elevated expression of inhibitory receptors and impaired cytokine response. Targeting these major inhibitory pathways by immune checkpoint blockers represents a prime example of successful clinical translation of tumor-specific immunotherapies. Understanding the mechanisms behind (mal)adaptations of the immune system is crucial for achieving therapeutic benefits. The establishment and co-evolution of a dynamic microenvironment niche constituted by the recruitment of numerous cell types dampen immune responses and thus contribute to the development of neoplastic transformation as well as infection. Although there are examples of successful immunotherapeutic approaches (CAR-T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or mRNA vaccination), a large percentage of patients with cancer or chronic infections still do not benefit from these therapies or develop severe immune-related adverse events. The reasons for these failures are not well understood. A possible explanation might be that current immunotherapies target predominantly the effector arm of the immune system by trying to reactivate dysfunctional T cells, but do not sufficiently address the influence of the innate immune system and the contributions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) niche. The main problem we would like to address in this special issue is how inappropriate function of the innate immune system affects adaptive immunity and contributes to inefficient anti-cancer immunity and chronification of infections. The central goal is to provide a more precise understanding of the various (common and novel) immune evasion mechanisms in cancers and in chronic infections to obtain a detailed map of common and disease-specific immune escape checkpoints. To that aim, we want to compile a wide array of interdisciplinary studies exploring a comparative and multi-layered analysis of mechanisms responsible for inefficient immune responses, including novel approaches i.e. multi-omics or epigenetic signaling. We would also like to combine studies from different fields, including basic and clinical immunology, oncology, and virology/microbiology. We welcome the submission of Original Research, Review, Mini-Review, Methods, Case report, and Perspective articles that cover, but are not limited to the following topics: • Convergent mechanisms supporting immune escape in preclinical models (tumors and chronic infections) • Convergent evasion mechanisms mediated by tumor-infiltrating suppressive cells (Treg, MDSC, macro-phages, soluble mediators, signaling, metabolism, ...) • Convergent immune evasion mechanisms mediated by chronic infection (viral or parasite) • Novel strategies to modulate the TME by direct or indirect targeting of immune suppressor cells. • Approaches to enhance persistence and resilience of anticancer T cells • Combinatorial therapeutic strategies (mRNA, antibodies, immune checkpoint blockers …) that target convergent immune evasion mechanisms Manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics or computational analysis of public genomic or transcriptomic databases which are not accompanied by robust and relevant validation (clinical cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) are out of scope for this topic.

Download or read book Innate Immune Regulation and Cancer Immunotherapy written by Rong-Fu Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innate and adaptive immunity play important roles in immunosurveillance and tumor destruction. However, increasing evidence suggests that tumor-infiltrating immune cells may have a dual function: inhibiting or promoting tumor growth and progression. Although regulatory T (Treg) cells induce immune tolerance by suppressing host immune responses against self- or non self-antigens, thus playing critical roles in preventing autoimmune diseases, they might inhibit antitumor immunity and promote tumor growth. Recent studies demonstrate that elevated proportions of Treg cells are present in various types of cancers and suppress antitumor immunity. Furthermore, tumor-specific Treg cells can inhibit immune responses only when they are exposed to antigens presented by tumor cells. Therefore, Treg cells at tumor sites have detrimental effects on immunotherapy directed to cancer.

Download or read book Tumor Microenvironment written by Peter P. Lee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the biological processes relevant to the immune phenotypes of cancer and their significance for immune responsiveness, based on the premise that malignant cells manipulate their surroundings through an evolutionary process that is controlled by interactions with innate immune sensors as well as the adaptive recognition of self/non-self. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is now an accepted new form of cancer treatment. Other immuno-oncology approaches, such as adoptive cell therapy and metabolic inhibitors, have also shown promising results for specific indications. Immune resistance is common, however, limiting the efficacy of immunotherapy in many common cancer types. The reasons for such resistance are diverse and peculiar to the immune landscapes of individual cancers, and to the treatment modality used. Accordingly, approaches to circumvent resistance need to take into account context-specific genetic, biological and environmental factors that may affect the cancer immune cycle, and which can best be understood by studying the target tissue and correlated systemic immune markers. Understanding the major requirements for the evolutionary process governing human cancer growth in the immune-competent host will guide effective therapeutic choices that are tailored to the biology of individual cancers.

Download or read book Innate and Adaptive Cellular Diversity in Tumor Microenvironment written by Chelsey Ronan and published by . This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents detailed information regarding the innate and adaptive cellular diversity in tumor microenvironment. Tumor microenvironment refers to a dynamic niche outlined by the interaction of diverse cell types such as tumor cells and stromal cells, their soluble variants and different physicochemical circumstances. Current studies have distinguished myelomonocytic cells as important factors in the regulation of tumor microenvironment and thus, tumor advancement in numerous kinds of cancers. Keeping these discoveries in mind, this book has been compiled in an effort to bring forth an extensive description on the varieties of tumor microenvironment in different cancers and shed light on the critical role of myelomonocytic cells in stemming this niche for monitoring cancer progression. This book will provide a better understanding of mechanisms of myelomonocytic cells in regulating cancer progression which may lead to new developments in cancer therapeutics.

Download or read book Inflammation and Immunity in Cancer written by Tsukasa Seya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book overviews cancer immunity from broad scientific fields, based on the concept that cancer is a sort of by-product of infection, inflammation, and host immune response. The innate and acquired arms of the immune system mainly participate in tumor immune surveillance, and their activation is critically modulated by the situation of the tumor microenvironment. Many types of immune cells join the formation of the microenvironment. In particular, macrophages and dendritic cells enter the tumor mass to be main players in the inflammatory milieu of tumors. After introducing these topics, the book discusses immunotherapy for cancer patients as an outgrowth of this concept of infection and inflammation. With the contributions of leading scientists actively involved in the field of antitumor immunity study, this book encourages readers to understand the mechanism of general cancers based on inflammation and will facilitate prevention and the development of therapeutics for cancer.

Download or read book Melanoma Immunotherapy written by Matthew Perron Alexander and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent advances in the treatment of melanoma, it remains a difficult disease to treat, particularly in its advanced forms. Understanding the immune response to melanoma, and developing strategies to enhance it, is the overarching goal of melanoma immunotherapy. Here we report findings in a range of melanoma models and treatment settings that shed light on mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immune responses to melanoma, opening up new avenues for therapeutic development. First, we show that cyclophosphamide (CTX), often employed to deplete regulatory T cells before adoptive T cell therapy, enhances the efficacy of an activated dendritic cell (DC) vaccine and induces spontaneous vitiligo, even in the absence of exogenous antigen. Vitiligo development depends on MHC class I on the DCs, suggesting cross-presentation of self-antigen by DCs and demonstrating immunomodulation by CTX that may inform future therapeutic strategies. Secondly, we show that both mutant BRAF inhibition and thermoneutral housing temperature, both known to induce intratumoral T cell infiltration, induce CXCR3-cognate chemokine in the tumor microenvironment, providing rationale for combining these approaches with T-cell based therapies to enhance their efficacy. Finally, we show that inflammatory monocytes are required for the antitumor efficacy of yeast-derived particulate [beta]-glucan in a model of metastatic pulmonary melanoma, independent of adaptive immunity. These studies demonstrate the intrinsic antitumor capacity of innate immune cells that could be harnessed in combinatorial approaches

Download or read book Advancements in Tumor Immunotherapy and Cancer Vaccines written by Hilal Arnouk and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-03 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harnessing the potential of the human body's own immune system to attack malignant tumor cells has been the goal of many scientific investigators in recent years, with advances in cancer biology and immunology enabling cancer immunotherapy to become a reality. World-class bench and clinical researchers have joined forces to collaborate and review current developments and trends in cancer immunology for the purposes of this book, and the result is a promising review of contemporary clinical treatments. In each chapter the authors present the scientific basis behind such therapeutic approaches, including cancer vaccines with special focus on prostate cancer, melanoma and novel approaches utilizing both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Download or read book Cancer Immunology written by Nima Rezaei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer Immunology is intended as an up-to-date, clinically relevant review of cancer immunology and immunotherapy. This volume is focused on immunopathology of cancers. The interactions between cancerous cells and various components of the innate and adaptive immune system are fully described. The principal focus, however, is very much on clinical aspects, the aim being to educate clinicians in the clinical implications of the most recent research and new developments in the field. Over the past decade, understanding of the interactions between the immune system and cancerous cells has increased markedly, leading to the development of combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies to combat cancer. This translational, clinically oriented book will be of special value to clinical immunologists, hematologists and oncologists.

Download or read book Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy written by Mansoor M. Amiji and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-27 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delivery Technologies for Immuno-Oncology: Volume 1: Delivery Strategies and Engineering Technologies in Cancer Immunotherapy examines the challenges of delivering immuno-oncology therapies. Immuno-oncology (IO) is a growing field of medicine at the interface of immunology and cancer biology leading to development of novel therapeutic approaches, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) and immune checkpoint blockade antibodies, that are clinically approved approaches for cancer therapy. Although currently approved IO approaches have shown tremendous promise for select types of cancers, broad application of IO strategies could even further improve the clinical success, especially for diseases such as pancreatic cancer, brain tumors where the success of IO so far has been limited. Nanotechnology-based targeted delivery strategies could improve the delivery efficiency of IO agents as well as provide additional avenues for novel therapeutic and vaccination strategies. Additionally, a number of locally-administered immunogenic scaffolds and therapeutic strategies, such as the use of STING agonist, could benefit from rationally designed biomaterials and delivery approaches. Delivery Technologies for Immuno-Oncology: Volume 1: Delivery Strategies and Engineering Technologies in Cancer Immunotherapy creates a comprehensive treaty that engages the scientific and medical community who are involved in the challenges of immunology, cancer biology, and therapeutics with possible solutions from the nanotechnology and drug delivery side. Comprehensive treaty covering all aspects of immuno-oncology (IO) Novel strategies for delivery of IO therapeutics and vaccines Forecasting on the future of nanotechnology and drug delivery for IO

Download or read book Single Cell Landscape of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Immunotherapy written by Ruiwen Fu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the care for cancer and extended survival for many patients. While ICIs have shown astonishing clinical benefits, less than 50% of patients experience a durable response. To find better biomarkers for ICI response and understand the diverse cellular players in the tumor, we performed a multi-omic study on a metastatic melanoma cohort with RNA sequencing (39 samples), single cell RNA sequencing (222,351 cells; 39 samples), and single nucleus transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (45,478 cells; 15 samples). We identified marker genes and functional modules associated with ICI response (e.g. cell-adhesion) and resistance (e.g. oxidative phosphorylation). Through single cell study of ICI resistant tumors, we revealed how cell-adhesion and ribosomal activity changes in the adaptive immunity could reflect tumor-level therapeutic failure. We further characterized the T cell diversity in the tumors and discovered an early activated state and a terminally exhausted T cell state with therapeutic potential. Among the innate immune mediators of tumor microenvironment, we detected a mature dendritic cell state as a powerful predictor of survival and extensively studied its differentiation trajectory, transcriptome signatures, and epigenome landscape. With functional roles in strengthening cancer immunity, many of the molecular and cellular mediators found in this study are relevant to the efficacy of all ICI regimens, and could potentially be extended to targeted inhibitors or other immunotherapies.

Download or read book Inflammation and Cancer written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.

Download or read book The Intricate Innate Immune Cancer Cell Relationship in the Context of Tumor Angiogenesis Immunity and Microbiota the Angiogenic Switch in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Key Target for Immunotherapies written by Lorenzo Mortara and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-15 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cancer Immunotherapy written by Saul J. Priceman and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor-associated immune cells, in particular myeloid cells, have opposing roles during cancer development by facilitating antitumor immune responses and driving cancer-promoting inflammation. Defective antitumor immunity is prevalent in cancers, and it is now clear that overcoming the myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment poses tremendous interest for future cancer therapies. JAK/STAT signaling has come to the forefront as a crucial pathway to induce immunosuppression and procancer inflammation. Specifically, STAT3 activation is critical for the phenotype of myeloid cells by regulating immunosuppressive and prometastatic factors, thereby providing myeloid cells with a multitude of tumor-promoting functions. Genetic ablation of STAT3 in the myeloid compartment induces potent innate and adaptive antitumor immunity along with an inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Recently, therapeutic targeting of JAK/STAT3 has shown great promise in blocking immunosuppression in preclinical models. One such example is the use of novel siRNA to selectively target STAT3 in myeloid cells, through conjugation to CpG oligonucleotides that agonize Toll receptor TLR9 on myeloid cells. Along with other novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit JAK/STAT signaling, it seems likely that future efforts to target this pathway will be made in single and combination approaches for effective anticancer immunotherapy.