Download or read book Phase D initiation Et de Propagation de la Corrosion Dans Les Structures en B ton Arm Et Leurs Cons quences Sur la Dur e de Vie written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis aims to study both initiation and propagation phase of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete structures in chloride environment. Experiments were carried out in order to investigate the initiation period and the beginning of the propagation period in relation with the steel-concrete interface quality. Specific high size reinforced concrete members were cast to create various steel-concrete interface qualities and were stored in a saline environment. Polarisation resistance was measured regularly to assess the corrosion rate. Results show firstly the significant influence of the steel-concrete interface condition on corrosion initiation and propagation. In the propagation period, two different phases were observed: In the first phase, pitting corrosion attacks (local corrosion) lead to concrete cracking characterized by small width cracks propagating along the reinforcing bars and in front the pitting attacks. In the second phase, due to the presence of these cracks, the local corrosion turns to a generalised corrosion propagating all along the reinforcing bars and leading to an important increase of the corrosion cracks width. This last point is totally in connection with the other part of the work carried out on large size reinforced concrete beams, which were 22 years old at the beginning of the thesis and in corrosion propagation phase since many years. The investigations performed on these old beams confirm the results obtained on the high size concrete members experiments (i.e. the propagation period divided into two different phases: local and generalised corrosion). A model was already developed in the past allowing predicting the corrosion state of the reinforcing bars from the cracks width during pitting corrosion period. To generalise the model to the whole corrosion process, a new model is proposed in this thesis linking the generalised corrosion in term of steel cross-section reduction to the corrosion cracking geometry and width. These results are important because representatives of the natural process. Indeed, these two different phases in the corrosion propagation period do not exist in usual accelerated tests under electric current. According to this new approach of the corrosion propagation phase, a new model is proposed for the assessment of reinforced concrete structures serviceability versus corrosion. During the pitting corrosion phase, the serviceability of the structural members is only affected by the steel-concrete bond reduction leading to a global deflection increase. At this stage the steel cross-section reductions are so local that they do no affect the global behaviour. Then, in the second propagation phase, the generalisation of the corrosion, which leads to a homogeneous steel loss all along the reinforcing bars, is taken into account as a coupled effect of the cross-section and bond reduction. At last, experiment performed up to failure on one 23 years old beam confirms the direct correlation between the reduction of the bearing capacity and in steel cross-section. Finally, the long term experiments carried out on the old reinforced concrete beams show that reinforced concrete structures can perfectly ensure a good quality of serviceability for a very long time in corrosion propagation period. Regarding the structural performance reduction, results have shown that the propagation period can be as long as the initiation phase in the service life. Therefore, the propagation period should be considered as a normal step in the service life span.

Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete written by Kyösti Tuutti and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Model Code for Service Life Design written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and published by fib Fédération internationale du béton. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: fib Bulletin 34 addresses Service Life Design (SLD) for plain concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete structures, with a special focus on design provisions for managing the adverse effects of degradation. Its objective is to identify agreed durability related models and to prepare the framework for standardization of performance based design approaches. Four different options for SLD are given: - a full probabilistic approach, - a semi probabilistic approach (partial factor design), - deemed to satisfy rules, - avoidance of deterioration. The service life design approaches described in this document may be applied for the design of new structures, for updating the service life design if the structure exists and real material properties and/or the interaction of environment and structure can be measured (real concrete covers, carbonation depths), and for calculating residual service life. The bulletin is divided into five chapters: 1. General 2. Basis of design 3. Verification of Service Life Design 4. Execution and its quality management 5. Maintenance and condition control It also includes four informative annexes, which give background information and examples of procedures and deterioration models for the application in SLD. The format of Bulletin 34 follows the CEB-FIP tradition for Model Codes: the main provisions are given on the right-hand side of the page, and on the left-hand side, the comments. Note: An Italian translation of Bulletin 34 is also available; contact us for further details.

Download or read book Engineering and Design written by Us Army Corps Of Engineers and published by Military Bookshop. This book was released on 1995-06 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provides guidance on evaluating the condition of the concrete in a structure, relating the condition of the concrete to the underlying cause or causes of that condition, selecting an appropriate repair material and method for any deficiency found, and using the selected materials and methods to repair or rehabilitate the structure. Guidance is also included on maintenance of concrete and on preparation of concrete investigation reports for repair and rehabilitation projects. Considerations for certain specialized types of rehabilitation projects are also given.

Download or read book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater written by American Public Health Association and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components written by Lauralice de Campos Franceschini Canale and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2008 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineering Materials 1 written by M. F. Ashby and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a broad introduction to the properties of materials used in engineering applications, and is intended to provide a course in engineering materials for students with no previous background in the subject.

Download or read book Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High Temperature Components written by Ramaswamy Viswanathan and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1989 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrosion Inspection and Monitoring written by Pierre R. Roberge and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-09 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The comprehensive reference on modern techniques and methods for monitoring and inspecting corrosion Strategic corrosion inspection and monitoring can improve asset management and life cycle assessment and optimize operational budgets. Advances in computer technologies and electronics have led to very efficient tools for monitoring and inspecting corrosion, including impedance spectroscopy, electrical field signatures, acoustic emissions, and radiographs. This up-to-date reference explains both intrusive and non-intrusive methods of measuring corrosion rates. It covers: The impact of corrosion on the economy and the safe operation of systems in diverse operational environments The various forms of corrosion, with a focus on the detectability of corrosion damage in the real world The principles of risk-based inspection and various risk assessment methodologies (HAZOP, FMECA, FTA, and ETA), with examples from industry The monitoring of microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC), cathodic protection (CP) systems, and atmospheric corrosion Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, including visual, ultrasonic, radiographic, electromagnetic, and thermographic inspection Roadmaps used by various industries and organizations for carrying out complex inspection and monitoring schedules Complete with graphics and illustrations, this is the definitive reference for professionals involved in the maintenance of industrial systems and structures, from oil exploration to chemical plants and infrastructures; consultants; property managers; and civil, materials, and construction engineers.

Download or read book Adhesion Between Polymers and Concrete Adh sion Entre Polym res Et B ton written by H. R. Sasse and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface Adhesion is a phenomenon architects and civil engineers are not very familiar with. In other disciplines knowledge about surface properties and the background of bonding energies is also far from satisfactory; nevertheless there are many important· applications in concrete engineering, where adhesion is necessary for success and durability. These include: - coating and painting - repair of concrete surfaces - bonding of fresh to old concrete - crack injection - glueing of precast elements - glueing of steel to concrete, etc. In 1981 RILEM established the technical committee 52-RAC 'Resin Adherence to Concrete'. The main aims of the committee's work were - to collect research results and practical experiences - to initiate and coordinate research programs - to develop, on a scientific base, test methods for field and for laboratory purposes. One of the results of the committee's work is a state-of-the-art report, which will be presented orally as a General Report at the International Symposium ISAP '86, and will be printed either in the RILEM journal Materials and Structures or separately. Several test recommendations have been elaborated and will be prepared as drafts for the participants ofISAP '86. These are: - direct tensile test - pull-off test - direct shear test - slant shear test - four-point bending test - dynamic loading test - thermal compatibility test (two versions) - injectibility test.

Download or read book Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Structures written by H Böhni and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete has the potential to be very durable and capable of withstanding a variety of adverse environmental conditions. However, failures in the structures do still occur as a result of premature reinforcement corrosion. In this authoritative book the fundamental aspects of this complex process are analysed; focusing on corrosion of the reinforcing steel, and looking particularly, at new scientific and technological developments.Monitoring techniques, including the newly developed online-monitoring, are examined, as well as the numerical methods used to simulate corrosion and perform parameter studies. The influence of composition and microstructure of concrete on corrosion behaviour is explored. The second half of the book, which deals with corrosion prevention methods, starts with a discussion on stainless steels as reinforcement materials. There are comprehensive reviews of the use of surface treatments and coatings, of the application of corrosion inhibitors and of the application of electrochemical techniques. In each case the necessary scientific fundamentals are explained and practical instances of use are looked at. This is an invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete. - Fundamental aspects of corrosion in concrete are analysed in detail - Explores how to minimise the effects of corrosion in concrete - Invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete

Download or read book Extrusion written by Harold F. Giles Jr and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2013-09-21 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Extrusion is designed to aid operators, engineers, and managers in extrusion processing in quickly answering practical day-to-day questions. The first part of the book provides the fundamental principles, for operators and engineers, of polymeric materials extrusion processing in single and twin screw extruders. The next section covers advanced topics including troubleshooting, auxiliary equipment, and coextrusion for operators, engineers, and managers. The final part provides applications case studies in key areas for engineers such as compounding, blown film, extrusion blow molding, coating, foam, and reprocessing. This practical guide to extrusion brings together both equipment and materials processing aspects. It covers basic and advanced topics, for reference and training, in thermoplastics processing in the extruder. Detailed reference data are provided on such important operating conditions as temperatures, start-up procedures, shear rates, pressure drops, and safety. - A practical guide to the selection, design and optimization of extrusion processes and equipment - Designed to improve production efficiency and product quality - Focuses on practical fault analysis and troubleshooting techniques

Download or read book Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers written by J. Edward Pope and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluids -- Heat transfer -- Thermodynamics -- Mechanical seals -- Pumps and compressors -- Drivers -- Gears -- Bearings -- Piping and pressure vessels -- Tribology -- Vibration -- Materials -- Stress and strain -- Fatigue -- Instrumentation -- Engineering economics.

Download or read book Corrosion of Weldments written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion failures of industrial components are commonly associated with welding. The reasons are many and varied. For example, welding may reduce the resistance to corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking by altering composition and microstructure, modifying mechanical properties, introducing residual stress, and creating physical defects. This book details the many forms of weld corrosion and the methods used to minimize weld corrosion. Chapters on specific alloys groups--carbon and alloy steels, stainless steels, high-nickel alloys, and nonferrous alloys--describe both general welding characteristics and the metallurgical factors that influence corrosion behavior. Corrosion problems associated with dissimilar metal weldments are also examined. Case histories document corrosion problems unique to specific industries including oil and gas, chemical processing, pulp and paper, and electric power. Special challenges caused by high-temperature environments are discussed. Commonly used methods to monitor weld corrosion and test methods for evaluation of intergranular, pitting, crevice, stress-corrosion cracking, and other forms of corrosion are also reviewed.

Download or read book Piping and Pipeline Calculations Manual written by Philip Ellenberger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-01-22 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Piping and Pipeline Calculations Manual, Second Edition provides engineers and designers with a quick reference guide to calculations, codes, and standards applicable to piping systems. The book considers in one handy reference the multitude of pipes, flanges, supports, gaskets, bolts, valves, strainers, flexibles, and expansion joints that make up these often complex systems. It uses hundreds of calculations and examples based on the author's 40 years of experiences as both an engineer and instructor. Each example demonstrates how the code and standard has been correctly and incorrectly applied. Aside from advising on the intent of codes and standards, the book provides advice on compliance. Readers will come away with a clear understanding of how piping systems fail and what the code requires the designer, manufacturer, fabricator, supplier, erector, examiner, inspector, and owner to do to prevent such failures. The book enhances participants' understanding and application of the spirit of the code or standard and form a plan for compliance. The book covers American Water Works Association standards where they are applicable. - Updates to major codes and standards such as ASME B31.1 and B31.12 - New methods for calculating stress intensification factor (SIF) and seismic activities - Risk-based analysis based on API 579, and B31-G - Covers the Pipeline Safety Act and the creation of PhMSA

Download or read book Impact Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials and Structures written by S. R. Reid and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-10-12 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study covers impact response, damage tolerance and failure of fibre-reinforced composite materials and structures. Materials development, analysis and prediction of structural behaviour and cost-effective design all have a bearing on the impact response of composites and this book brings together for the first time the most comprehensive and up-to-date research work from leading international experts. - State of the art analysis of impact response, damage tolerance and failure of FRC materials - Distinguished contributors provide expert analysis of the most recent materials and structures - Valuable tool for R&D engineers, materials scientists and designers

Download or read book Gear Materials Properties and Manufacture written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2005 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All of the critical technical aspects of gear materials technology are addressed in this new reference work. Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture is intended for gear metallurgists and materials specialists, manufacturing engineers, lubrication technologists, and analysts concerned with gear failures who seek a better understanding of gear performance and gear life. This volume complements other gear texts that emphasize the design, geometry, and theory of gears. The coverage begins with an overview of the various types of gears used, important gear terminology, applied stresses and strength requirements associated with gears, and lubrication and wear. This is followed by in-depth treatment of metallic (ferrous and nonferrous alloys) and plastic gear materials. Emphasis is on the properties of carburized steels, the material of choice for high-performance power transmission gearing.