Download or read book Initial Density Estimates and Population Structure of the American Black Bear Ursus Americanus in Massachusetts USA written by Jacqueline Brooks and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identifying Landscape wide Spatial Heterogenity in Population Density and Genetic Sturcture of American Black Bear Ursus Americanus in New York and the Northeastern United States written by Catherine Sun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population-level patterns reflect the aggregation of individual-level movement, survival, and recruitment processes over a landscape. Estimating population density, distribution, and genetic structure is important for understanding species ecology, monitoring viability, and for developing effective management plans. Long-term monitoring is particularly necessary for detecting changes that have management implications. However, limited resources often impede the collection of sufficient high-resolution demographic data for robust population-level inferences, especially for species with extensive distributions and large ranges of individual movement. The American back bear (Ursus americanus) is a game species in New York (NY) that has been growing in abundance and expanding in distribution. However, robust knowledge of spatial variation in population density or genetic structure informative about current and future population trajectories is lacking. This research estimated patterns of landscape-wide spatial heterogeneity in NY bear populations using noninvasive, cost-efficient methods. First, I investigated the genetic structure of bears in NY and across the northeastern United States using neutral markers to reveal differentiation and patterns of restricted gene flow that may pre-date historical human disturbances. Genetic connectivity across political borders supports previous hypotheses of bear movement that motivate continued monitoring and coordination between management units. Second, I developed a citizen science (CS) program and conducted simulations with a novel integrated model to assess the utility of opportunistic CS data in augmenting systematic data to estimate population parameters. Then, I estimated bear density and patterns in bear density, distribution, and occupancy related to landcover types in southern NY with systematic spatial capture-recapture, occupancy, and CS approaches from 2015-2018. Across years, mean predicted density was 7.3 bears /100 km2 (95% CI: 4.7 - 11.5) with population growth, survival, fecundity, and landcover patterns suggesting that bears may continue to expand into areas with more human-impacted landscapes. Accounting for dependence between collocated sampling methods increased overall detection probability and highlighted the importance of appropriate spatial scales of different sampling methods for inference on population density. These findings provide the first spatially explicit, non-harvest based estimates of black bear population patterns across southern NY, and offer insights into the design of large scale, multi-method, long term population monitoring.
Download or read book Patterns in Landscape wide Spatial Heterogeneity of American Black Bear Ursus Americanus Populations Identified Through Genetic and Noninvasive Approaches written by Catherine Sun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population-level patterns reflect the aggregation of individual-level movement, survival, and recruitment processes over a landscape. Estimating population density, distribution, and genetic structure is important for understanding species ecology, monitoring viability, and for developing effective management plans. Long-term monitoring is particularly necessary for detecting changes that have management implications. However, limited resources often impede the collection of sufficient high-resolution demographic data for robust population-level inferences, especially for species with extensive distributions and large ranges of individual movement. The American back bear (Ursus americanus) is a game species in New York (NY) that has been growing in abundance and expanding in distribution. However, robust knowledge of spatial variation in population density or genetic structure informative about current and future population trajectories is lacking. This research estimated patterns of landscape-wide spatial heterogeneity in NY bear populations using noninvasive, cost-efficient methods. First, I investigated the genetic structure of bears in NY and across the northeastern United States using neutral markers to reveal differentiation and patterns of restricted gene flow that may pre-date historical human disturbances. Genetic connectivity across political borders supports previous hypotheses of bear movement that motivate continued monitoring and coordination between management units. Second, I developed a citizen science (CS) program and conducted simulations with a novel integrated model to assess the utility of opportunistic CS data in augmenting systematic data to estimate population parameters. Then, I estimated bear density and patterns in bear density, distribution, and occupancy related to landcover types in southern NY with systematic spatial capture-recapture, occupancy, and CS approaches from 2015-2018. Across years, mean predicted density was 7.3 bears /100 km2 (95% CI: 4.7 - 11.5) with population growth, survival, fecundity, and landcover patterns suggesting that bears may continue to expand into areas with more human-impacted landscapes. Accounting for dependence between collocated sampling methods increased overall detection probability and highlighted the importance of appropriate spatial scales of different sampling methods for inference on population density. These findings provide the first spatially explicit, non-harvest based estimates of black bear population patterns across southern NY, and offer insights into the design of large scale, multi-method, long term population monitoring.
Download or read book Ecology and Structure of Black Bear Ursus Americanus Populations in the Interior Highlands of Arkansas written by Thea Vandervelde Kristensen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Interior Highlands of Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, overharvest, extensive logging, and reductions of habitat availability by other means contributed to the decline of black bears (Ursus americanus). Bears were extirpated from the majority of the region by the 1940's Oklahoma by 1915 and from Missouri by 1931. From 1958-1968, the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission undertook a reintroduction to the Ouachita and the Ozark National Forests in Arkansas. The successful growth and expansion of the released population caused these efforts to be considered one of the most successful reintroductions of carnivores. In this dissertation, I sought to examine the current population size and density of bears in the Ouachita and the Ozark National Forests in Arkansas and to explore how dispersal patterns are influenced by population expansion. Density estimates are comparable to or above previous estimates done in the late 1980's/early 1990's. The population appears to have maintained or exceeded previous density estimates. There was evidence for female philopatry in both source and expanding populations, with relatedness declining with distance until about 30 km. In recently expanding populations, male-male dyads followed a similar pattern to female-female dyads with relatedness decreasing with distance. Female-female dyads in expanding populations also had higher levels of closely related dyads than female-female dyads in source populations. Only in recent years have large predator reintroductions been actively pursued and the goals of restoring a functional ecosystem been approached. The genetics of reintroduction and dispersal received research attention even more recently. Dispersal and gene flow into and out of populations, a process called connectivity, fundamentally shape wildlife distribution and abundance across the landscape. Connectivity determines taxonomic distinctiveness, colonization of new sites, and persistence of both local populations and metapopulations of linked populations. With measures of connectivity in hand, we can better understand the role it plays for a particular wildlife species, and predict the consequences of changes in a human-altered landscape.
Download or read book Phylogeography and Population Genomics of the American Black Bear Ursus Americanus written by Emily Elizabeth Puckett and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is one of the eight living species of Ursidae, and the only one to have speciated in North America (1.8 – 1.2 Mya). This dissertation investigates the contemporary population structure of American black bears across their range; and specifically asks how a translocation of bears affected the population genetics of individuals in the Central Interior Highlands. Black bear mitochondrial lineages began forming within the last 170 kya, whereas the eastern and western nuclear genomes diverged 67 kya. A third nuclear lineage was discovered in contemporary Alaska, which diverged from the eastern lineage 31 kya. These three lineages harbor nine genetic clusters, and potentially more in unsampled portions of the range. These nine clusters may represent evolutionary significant units for the species; however, more work would be needed before proposing taxonomic revisions. The regional population genetics of the Central Interior Highlands (Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri, USA) showed that the majority of genetic diversity in contemporary populations of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains was introduced from Minnesota, USA and Manitoba, Canada during a translocation of bears from 1958 - 1968. Analyses also indicated that the contemporary Ozark and Ouachita populations were genetically differentiated. Additionally, bears that form a low diversity genetic cluster in Missouri were highly similar to bears from the Ozarks in genomic analyses, indicating a small founding population dispersed northwards following the reintroduction. Finally, I analyzed the accuracy and precision with which the natal location of a black bear may be identified using different inference methods and dataset compositions. While samples were estimated within 201 km of their sample site and with high precision, there was a low correlation between the state or province of sampling and that estimated. These results suggest caution when using genetic data for natal inference problems in cases for trade of wildlife products.
Download or read book Density dependent Population Regulation of Black Brown and Polar Bears written by Mitchell Kerry Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating Black Bear Population Density in the Southern Black Bear Range of New York with a Non invasive Genetic Spatial Capture recapture Study written by Catherine Sun and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimating population density and describing spatial patterns are important in conservation and management of wildlife populations. We conducted a non-invasive, genetic, spatial capture-recapture study of black bears (Ursus americanus) in a region of New York in 2011 and 2012 where its range has expanded in order to 1) estimate population density, 2) test for spatial patterns of range expansion related to landcover, and 3) evaluate patterns of genetic diversity. Estimated population density was 9 bears / 100 km2, low compared to other black bear populations in the U.S. We identified patterns in density and detection probability related to landcover types that differed from expected patterns of resource use. Genetic diversity was comparable to that of non-expanding black bear populations, but we also detected a potential signature of population admixture. In addition, we conducted simulations investigating the effects of different sampling designs on population estimation in large mammal studies. Spatially clustered sampling devices resulted in the most accurate and precise estimates, and performance differences between designs diminished as home range size increased.
Download or read book American Black Bear written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Context Matters for Black Bears written by Jennifer B. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Habitat Suitability Index Models written by Lynn L. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bears of the World written by Vincenzo Penteriani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bears have fascinated people since ancient times. The relationship between bears and humans dates back thousands of years, during which time we have also competed with bears for shelter and food. In modern times, bears have come under pressure through encroachment on their habitats, climate change, and illegal trade in their body parts, including the Asian bile bear market. The IUCN lists six bears as vulnerable or endangered, and even the least concern species, such as the brown bear, are at risk of extirpation in certain countries. The poaching and international trade of these most threatened populations are prohibited, but still ongoing. Covering all bears species worldwide, this beautifully illustrated volume brings together the contributions of 200 international bear experts on the ecology, conservation status, and management of the Ursidae family. It reveals the fascinating long history of interactions between humans and bears and the threats affecting these charismatic species.
Download or read book Status Management and Commercialization of the American Black Bear Ursus Americanus written by Catherine McCracken and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Genetic and Behavioral Studies of Black Bears Ursus Americanus in Southeast Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I studied population, genetic and behavioral aspects of black bear ( Ursus americanus) in the temperate rainforest of Southeast Alaska. At a landscape level, I used population genetics to investigate black bear movement in the Alexander Archipelago and mainland of Southeast Alaska. I found that geographic structure defined by salt water and glaciers curtails black bear movement, to the extent that most regions have significantly genetically differentiated black bear populations. I found that black bears in Southeast Alaska cluster into seven genetic types. I also found that two larger, nuclear genetic clusters of black bears in Southeast Alaska correspond, geographically, to the two ancient mitochondrial lineages of black bears. This perhaps indicates that the nuclear genome retains a genetic signature of the secondary contact of these two lineages. I also studied black bear vagility on a much smaller scale---at the level of riparian areas of salmon spawning streams. I used genetic tagging to demonstrate that the group of bears using these streams is in demographic flux throughout the course of the salmon stream, and that a high number of individual bears use these streams. The persistence of intact salmon streams in Southeast Alaska likely contributes to high black bear population density. In a final aspect of my dissertation research, I used tetracycline biomarking to estimate the population size of black bears on Kuiu Island to be 1.5 bears/km2. This estimate is among the highest recorded bear densities.
Download or read book Ecological Effects of Development on American Black Bear written by Michael John Evans and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology and Behaviour of North American Black Bears written by Roger A. Powell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What main factors affect mammalian home range size and dynamics? To what extent do constraints on home range characteristics vary between the sexes? This book aims to address these issues by concentrating the authors' expertise and experience in studies of home ranges in general and focusing on their studies of black bears of the Pisgah Forest, North Carolina, in particular. The authors provide an overview of the black bears and methods for their study before discussing concepts of home range, developing predictive habitat quality models, addressing influences of food production on social organization and exploring the mating behaviour of male bears.
Download or read book Bears written by Christopher Servheen and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1999 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the status of bear species by distribution / Christopher Servheen -- An overview of bear conservation planning and implementation / Bernard Peyton, Christopher Servheen, and Stephen Herrero -- Genetics of the bears of the world / Lisette Waits, David Paetkau, and Curtis Strobeck -- The trade in bears and bear parts / Christopher Servheen -- Brown bear conservation action plan for North America (Ursus arctos). Alaska / Sterling D. Miller and John Schoen. Canada / Bruce McLellan and Vivian Banci. United States: grizzly bear in the Lower 48 / Christopher Servheen -- Brown bear conservation action plan for Europe (Ursus arctos). Austria / Georg Rauer. Bulgaria / Nikolai Spassov and G. Spiridonov. Finland / Erik S. Nyholm and Kai-Eerik Nyholm. France / Jean Jacques Camarra. Greece / George Mertzanis. Italy (Abruzzo) / Giorgio Boscagli. Italy (Trentino) / Fabio Osti. Norway / Ole Jakob Sørensen, Jon E. Swenson, and Tor Kvam. Poland / Witold Frackowiak, Roman Gula, and Kajetan Perzanowski. Romania / Ovidiu Ionescu. Slovakia / Pavel Hell and Slavomir Find'o. Spain: eastern and western Cantabria. Eastern Cantabrian subpopulation / Anthony P. Clevenger and Francisco J. Purroy. Western Cantabrian subpopulation / Javier Naves Cienfuegos and Carlos Nores Quesada. Sweden / Jon E. Swenson, Finn Sandegren, Anders Bjärvall, Robert Franzén, Arne Söderberg, and Petter Wabakken. Former Yugoslavia / Djuro Huber and Miha Adamic -- Brown bear conservation action plan for Asia (Ursus arctos). China: Heilonjiang black and brown bears / Cheng Jizhen. India / S. Sathyakumar. Japan: Hokkaido / Tsutomu Mano and Joseph Moll. Mongolia: Gobi bear / Thomas McCarthy. Russia / Igor Chestin -- American black bear conservation action plan (Ursus americanus) / Michael R. Pelton, Alex B. Coley, Thomas H. Eason, Diana L. Doan Martinez, Joel A. Pederson, Frank T. van Manem and Keith M. Weaver -- Spectacled bear conservation action plan (Tremarctos ornatus) / Bernard Peyton. Bolivia / Damián I. Rumiz and Jorge Salazar. Colombia / Jorge Orejuela and Jeffrey P. Jorgenson. Ecuador / Luis Suárez. Perú / Bernard Peyton, coordinator. Venezuela / Edgard Yerena, coordinator -- Asiatic black bear conservation action plan (Ursus thibetanus). China / Ma Yiqing and Li Xiaomin. India / S. Sathyakumar. Japan / Toshihiro Hazumi. Russia / Igor Chestin and Victor Yudin. Taiwan: Formosan black bear / Ying Wang. Vietnam: black bear and sun bear / Do Dinh Sam -- Sun bear conservation action plan (Helarctos malayanus) / Christopher Servheen. Lao PDR / Richard E. Salter -- Sloth bear conservation action plan (Melursus ursinus) / David L. Garshelis, Anup R. Joshi, James L.D. Smith, and Clifford G. Rice -- Giant panda conservation action plan (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) / Donald G. Read and Jien Gong -- Global status and management of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) / IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group.
Download or read book Structure of the Vermont Black Bear Population Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences written by Nathaniel Merrill and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
