Download or read book Inhibitors of corneal inflammation and angiogenesis written by Pierfrancesco Mirabelli and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathologic angiogenesis is involved in cancer and several blinding conditions such as wet age-related macular degeneration, proliferative retinopathies and corneal neovascularization. In these dieseases, the angiogenic triggers are hypoxia and inflammation, and both involve the main angiogenic mediator, which is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Among available treatments, anti-VEGF often shows limited or temporary efficacy, while steroids are potentially responsible for many side-effects. This thesis presents a series of linked studies aimed at elucidating the early pathologic changes leading to inflammation and corneal neovascularization, and how various treatments affect this process. In this thesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic treatments are applied in corneal neovascularization models, to identify VEGF-independent pathways and other novel factors as future therapy targets, as well as to investigate the endogenous modulation of angiogenesis. A model of experimental neovascularization in the rat cornea was used as main model, where the neovascular response is triggered by a surgical suture placed into the cornea. Investigational treatments (anti-Vegf, dexamethasone, IMD0354, Gap27, or control substances) were then given topically, with the exception of IMD0354, which was given systemically. The effects in the cornea were studied in vivo with slit lamp photography to assess and quantify macroscopic vessel growth and using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) to study cell infiltration and limbal vessel dilation and detect microscopic vessel sprouts; these examinations were performed longitudinally. Genomic analysis with RNA microarray, selected gene expression with q-RT-PCR, and selected protein expression in tissue (immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot) were performed at different time-points. Moreover, other experiments on cell cultures (HUVEC and HCEC), organ cultures (human corneas), ex vivo models (aortic rings) and in vivo studies (zebrafish vasculogenesis) were performed. Dexamethasone suppressed limbal vasodilation and corneal neovascularization more than anti-Vegf, despite no difference in inflammatory cell infiltration into the cornea. Five-hundred eleven fewer genes were differentially expressed in dexamethasone-treated corneas relative to naïve corneas, compared to anti-Vegf. Among them, several major pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines were suppressed only by dexamethasone and represent novel candidate factors to target in order to improve anti-VEGF treatment. On the other hand, selective inhibition of a single inflammatory pathway (NF-?B), despite showing similar early effects as dexamethasone in suppressing tissue inflammation, was not effective enough to suppress new vessel growth. The same factors suppressed by dexamethasone are also inhibited in endogenous modulation of angiogenesis. Surprisingly, dexamethasone activated several complement factors, which could possibly be beneficial in the anti-angiogenic response. In a different therapeutic approach, promoting cell migration to accelerate epithelial wound closure similarly was not sufficient to avoid inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea. In conclusion, new and more effective treatments are needed for corneal inflammation and neovascularization with fewer side-effects. In this thesis, several novel factors and mechanisms related to inflammation are identified, factors that are not addressed by anti-Vegf therapy, and therefore represent interesting objects for further study, as they have the potential to be targets for adjuvant therapy. Specific anti-inflammatory treatment as well as therapeutic activation of endogenous regulatory pathways, and potentially complement modulation, might represent new strategies to improve anti-angiogenic therapy, but when used alone they do not seem to avoid corneal neovascularization.

Download or read book Regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea written by Anthony Mukwaya and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation and angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, are involved in tumor growth, ocular diseases and wound healing. In ocular angiogenesis, new pathological vessels grow into a specific eye tissue, leak fluid, and disrupt vision. The development of safe and effective therapies for ocular angiogenesis is of great importance for preventing blindness, given that current treatments have limited efficacy or are associated with undesirable side effects. The search for alternative treatment targets requires a deeper understanding of inflammation and how it can lead to angiogenesis in the eye in pathologic situations. This thesis provides new insights into the regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis, particularly at the gene expression and phenotypic levels, in different situations characterized by angiogenesis of the cornea, often called corneal neovascularization. For instance, specific genes and pathways are either endogenously activated or suppressed during active inflammation, wound healing, and during resolution of inflammation and angiogenesis, serving as potential targets to modulate the inflammatory and angiogenic response. In addition, as part of the healing response to restore corneal transparency, inflammation and angiogenesis subside with time in the cornea. In this context, LXR/RXR signaling was found to be activated in a time-dependent manner, to potentially regulate resolution of inflammation and angiogenesis. During regression of new angiogenic capillaries, ghost vessels and empty basement membrane sleeves are formed, which can persist in the cornea for a long time. Here, ghost vessels were found to facilitate subsequent revascularization of the cornea, while empty basement membrane sleeves did not revascularize. The revascularization response observed here was characterised by vasodilation, increased inflammatory cell infiltration and by sprouting at the front of the reperfused vessels. Importantly, reactive oxygen species and nitrous oxide signaling among other pro-inflammatory pathways were activated, and at the same time anti-inflammatory LXR/RXR signaling was inhibited. The interplay between activation and inhibition of these pathways highlights potential mechanisms that regulate corneal revascularization. When treating corneal neovascularization clinically, corticosteroids are in widespread use due to their effectiveness. To minimize the many undesirable side effects associated with corticosteroid use, however, identifying new and more selective agents is of great importance. Here, it was observed that corticosteroids not only suppressed pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, but also activated the classical complement pathway. Classical complement may represent a candidate for further selective therapeutic manipulation to investigate its effect on treatment of corneal neovascularization. In summary, this thesis identifies genes, pathways, and phenotypic responses involved in sprouting and remodeling of corneal capillaries, highlights novel pathways and factors that may regulate inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea, and provides insights into regulation of capillary regression and reactivation. Further investigation of these regulatory mechanisms may offer alternative and effective treatment targets for the treatment of corneal inflammation and angiogenesis.

Download or read book Corneal Angiogenesis written by Gordon K. Klintworth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research monograph, the noted scholar Dr. Gordon K. Klintworth brings together all the available information on the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization. This book should be a valuable contribution to the medical literature of ophthalmology and clinical pathology. Despite its relatively simple structure the cornea possesses many unique properties. These attributes include its crystal clarity and avascularity in the health state. This normally transparent structure has been the focal point for Dr. Klintworth's research endeavors for more than two decades. This monograph summarizes current knowledge about angiogenesis within this tissue as well as information about the related issue of the cornea's normal avascularity. The text provides a comprehensive overview of the topic based on studies by a large number of investigators who were either concerned with corneal neovascularization in particular or angiogenesis in general.

Download or read book Ocular Angiogenesis written by Joyce Tombran-Tink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading academic and pharmaceutical researchers and clinicians from many disciplines synthesize and summarize current clinical and basic knowledge concerning abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye, the cause of major neovascular eye diseases. The authors also identify and assess the most promising approaches with potential for commercial exploitation and discuss the challenges encountered in developing therapeutics for ocular neovascular diseases. Highlights include illuminating chapters on gene therapy and novel drug delivery systems and excellent summaries of the newest therapeutic approaches.

Download or read book Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis written by Dan Simionescu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-04-05 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to highlight novel advances in the field and to incentivize scientists from a variety of fields to pursue angiogenesis as a research avenue. Blood vessel formation and maturation to capillaries, arteries, or veins is a fascinating area which can appeal to multiple scientists, students, and professors alike. Angiogenesis is relevant to medicine, engineering, pharmacology, and pathology and to the many patients suffering from blood vessel diseases and cancer, among others. We are hoping that this book will become a source of inspiration and novel ideas for all.

Download or read book Contact Lens Complications written by Nathan Efron and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new 2nd edition of this practical manual has been completely updated and revised to reflect the most current knowledge, research findings, technological developments, and updates in contact lens materials. With its broad coverage and systematic approach, it provides an intuitive approach to understanding, diagnosing, and treating contact lens complications. This lavishly illustrated text is recognized as a definitive resource on contact lens for practitioners and students.

Download or read book Immunology Inflammation and Diseases of the Eye written by Darlene A. Dartt and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-02-26 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This selection of articles from the Encyclopedia of the Eye provides a comprehensive overview of immunological features, diseases and inflammation of the eye and its support structures and organs. Rather than taking an immunological focus that is strictly suitable for clinicians, the volume offers a considerable basic science background and addresses a broad range of topics - the immune system of the eye, its various disorders, mechanisms of inflammation of the eye and visual system, treatment, wound healing mechanisms, stem cells, and more. The first single volume to integrate comparative studies into a comprehensive resource on the neuroscience of ocular immunology Chapters are carefully selected from the Encyclopedia of the Eye by the world's leading vision researchers The best researchers in the field provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results

Download or read book The Textbook of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis Methods and Applications written by Enrique Zudaire and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis have become attractive targets for drug therapy because of their key roles in a broad spectrum of pathological disease states ranging from macular degeneration to tumor growth and metastasis. A substantial increase in the research effort over the past decade has deepened our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, promoting the development of promising therapeutics for the clinical management of vascular-related diseases. These extraordinary advancements have been built upon a vast array of diverse analytical techniques developed globally throughout the field. Over the years, these methods have evolved to suit the specific needs of different researchers and experimental scenarios, resulting in a myriad of technical variants of basic assay approaches. "The Textbook of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis: Methods and Applications" is an up-to-date comprehensive textbook on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis techniques and applications. This volume is designed to embody the collective works of experts in the clinical as well as the basic research arenas who have significantly contributed to the development and application of techniques in all areas of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Each chapter introduces and discusses one or a group of closely related techniques and convey step-by-step protocol information and detailed technical guidance to the reader. Emphasis has been placed on explanatory illustrations, critical technical steps as well as divulging information on the benefits and caveats of specific practices related to the methods discussed. This manual is intended to serve as a written guide for both newcomers and established professionals in the field.

Download or read book Angiogenesis Assays written by Carolyn A. Staton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is essential for physiological growth and over 18,000 research articles have been published describing the role of angiogenesis in over 70 different diseases, including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. One of the most important technical challenges in such studies has been finding suitable methods for assessing the effects of regulators of eh angiogenic response. While increasing numbers of angiogenesis assays are being described both in vitro and in vivo, it is often still necessary to use a combination of assays to identify the cellular and molecular events in angiogenesis and the full range of effects of a given test protein. Although the endothelial cell - its migration, proliferation, differentiation and structural rearrangement - is central to the angiogenic process, it is not the only cell type involved. the supporting cells, the extracellular matrix and the circulating blood with its cellular and humoral components also contribute. In this book, experts in the use of a diverse range of assays outline key components of these and give a critical appraisal of their strengths and weaknesses. Examples include assays for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from organ cultures, assessment of endothelial and mural cell interactions, and such in vivo assays as the chick chorioallantoic membrane, zebrafish, corneal, chamber and tumour angiogenesis models. These are followed by a critical analysis of the biological end-points currently being used in clinical trials to assess the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs, which leads into a discussion of the direction future studies should take. This valuable book is of interest to research scientists currently working on angiogenesis in both the academic community and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Relevant disciplines include cell and molecular biology, oncology, cardiovascular research, biotechnology, pharmacology, pathology and physiology.

Download or read book Immunology Inflammation and Diseases of the Eye written by Darlene A. Dartt and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-05-05 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This selection of articles from the Encyclopedia of the Eye provides a comprehensive overview of immunological features, diseases and inflammation of the eye and its support structures and organs. Rather than taking an immunological focus that is strictly suitable for clinicians, the volume offers a considerable basic science background and addresses a broad range of topics - the immune system of the eye, its various disorders, mechanisms of inflammation of the eye and visual system, treatment, wound healing mechanisms, stem cells, and more. The first single volume to integrate comparative studies into a comprehensive resource on the neuroscience of ocular immunology Chapters are carefully selected from the Encyclopedia of the Eye by the world's leading vision researchers The best researchers in the field provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results

Download or read book Retinal and Choroidal Angiogenesis written by John Penn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-19 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, in-depth review of our current understanding of the growth of blood vessels within the eye. Novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ocular angiogenesis are discussed, as are the unique challenges presented by delivery of drugs to the eye. The book emphasizes basic principles rather than specific experimental results, although recently acquired data is frequently cited to illustrate points of broader theoretical significance.

Download or read book Foundations of Corneal Disease written by Kathryn Colby and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of cornea has seen tremendous advances over the last 40 years—this uniquely comprehensive book will discuss the history of these advances, current best practices in important diseases of the cornea and ocular surface, and examine future directions in diagnosis and management. Written by leading experts, many of whom trained under Claes Henrik Dohlman, MD, PhD, whose influence and many invaluable contributions have defined and shaped the field of cornea, each chapter will reflect the state of the art in the various aspects of cornea. Foundations of Corneal Disease: Past, Present, and Future contains six different sections, opening with an introduction which delves into the evolution of subspecialty training in cornea, and provides a historical perspective of our understanding of ocular surface disease. Section Two addresses perspectives on important corneal and external diseases including infectious keratitis, dry eye, and herpes simplex. Section Three and Section Four address surgery and surgical alternatives, and frontiers in corneal research. Section Six closes this book with a discussion of special topics: imaging the cornea, corneal blindness, eye banking, and clinical trials in dry eye, and explores future directions in this fast-paced field. Foundations of Corneal Disease: Past, Present, and Future contains is an ideal guide for corneal specialists, ophthalmology residents and fellows planning to enter cornea, corneal scientists, and to those in ophthalmology and visual science interested in a comprehensive resource on cornea and the history of this field.

Download or read book Surgery for the Dry Eye written by Gerd Geerling and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of structures contribute to tear production and maintenance, including the tear system, the lids and the orbit. The ocular surface itself is also a part of the system, including the cornea and conjunctiva. This makes for a very complex situation that can easily lead to changes in tear film and the ocular surface that are called "dry eye." Here a team of experts carefully examine how and when surgery is indicated, addressing normal tear film, normal anatomy (including immunological interactions), classification and diagnosis, anti-inflammatory and immnunosup-pressive concepts, correction and drainage techniques, surgery of the conjunctiva and cornea, keratoprosthesis surgery, botulism toxin injections, mucous membrane grafting, and salivary gland transplantation along with other treatments. The collection closed with a set of scientific studies. The color and monochrome clinical photographs and line illustrations are especially well-chosen and informative.

Download or read book Eye Pathology written by Steffen Heegaard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive, in-depth, and up-to-date resource on eye pathology that will be of great practical value for ophthalmic and general pathologists and ophthalmologists. Congenital abnormalities, inflammatory conditions, infections, injuries, degenerative diseases, and tumors are all covered with the aid of more than 700 images. In the case of tumors, the wide variety of neoplasms that occur in the eyelid, conjunctiva, retina, uveal tract, lacrimal gland and sac, orbit, and optic nerve are comprehensively reviewed, and the most recent knowledge on the relation between genetics and prognosis is presented. Entries on specific diseases are organized in a standard way, with information on etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathological characteristics, differential diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. The authors are all recognized experts and members of the European and American ophthalmic pathology societies.​

Download or read book Immune Response and the Eye written by Jerry Y. Niederkorn and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In memory of J. Wayne Streilein, the pioneer in ocular immunology The second edition of Immune Response and the Eye' highlights recent insights into the dangerous compromise' between the immune system and the eye, which protects the eye against pathogens while limiting inflammation and immune-mediated injury to ocular tissues with little or no regenerative potential. It discusses the broad spectrum of physiological, immunological, anatomical, and biochemical adaptations that conspire to closely regulate the tone and tenor of immune responses in the eye. This volume further describes immune-mediated diseases that occur when the compromise between the immune system and the eye is breached. This breakdown in immune privilege threatens the vision of millions each year. Finally, recent advances in ocular immunology are presented, which offer potential therapeutic applications in corneal and retinal transplantation and in the management of blinding autoimmune diseases of the eye. Eye researchers, ophthalmologists and immunologists will appreciate the state-of-the-art and authoritative information presented in Immune Response and the Eye'

Download or read book Handbook of Nutrition Diet and the Eye written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and the Eye, Second Edition, thoroughly addresses common features and etiological factors on how dietary and nutritional factors affect the eye. The ocular system is perhaps one of the least studied organs in diet and nutrition, yet the consequences of vision loss are devastating. There are a range of ocular defects that have either their origin in nutritional deficiencies/excess or have been shown to respond favorably to nutritional components. Featuring a new section on animal model studies where both the ocular problem and dietary remedies can be varied, there are also new chapters on dietary supplements. Serves as a foundational collection for neuroscience, neurology and nutrition researchers, illustrating the importance of nutrition and diet in eye health and function Provides a common language for readers to discuss how nutritional factors and related diseases and syndromes affect the eye Features new chapters on infectious diseases of the eye where nutrition is a factor Discusses animal model studies, dietary supplements, natural dietary extracts from around the world, and age-related changes in ocular health

Download or read book Anti Angiogenic Therapy in Ophthalmology written by Andreas Stahl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise overview over the pathology of retinal angiogenic diseases and explains why anti-angiogenic therapy is effective in so many patients. The reader is guided through the various clinical indications for anti-angiogenic therapy and made aware of its merits as well as current challenges and limitations. It is explained how, since its introduction for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration in 2006, anti-angiogenic therapy has revolutionized the way in which we treat a range of ocular diseases. All of the authors are established experts in their respective fields who share their extensive knowledge and clinical experience with the reader. This book is both a valuable introduction to anti-angiogenic therapy in ophthalmology and a day-to-day companion for all ophthalmologists seeing patients with some of the most prevalent retinal diseases.