Download or read book Closure Between Apparent and Inherent Optical Properties of the Ocean with Applications to the Determination of Spectral Bottom Reflectance written by James Edward Ivey and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: This study focuses on comparing six different marine optical models, field measurements, and laboratory measurements. Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) of the water column depend only on the constituents within the water, not on the ambient light field. Apparent Optical Properties (AOPs) depend both on IOPs and the geometric underwater light field resulting from solar irradiance. Absorption (a) and scattering (b) are IOPs. Scattering can be partitioned into backscattering (b[subscript b]). Remote Sensing Reflectance (R[subscript rs]), the ratio of radiant light leaving the water to the light entering the water surface plane (E[subscript d]), is an AOP. R[subscript rs] is proportional to b[subscript b]/(a + b[subscript b]). Using this relationship, R[subscript rs] is inverted to determine both absorption and backscattering. The constituents contributing to both absorption and backscattering can then be further deconvolved using modeling techniques. The in situ instruments usually have a fixed path length while AOP measurement path length depends on the penetration and/or return of downwelling solar irradiance. As a consequence, AOP measurements use a longer path length than in situ instruments. If the path length of a direct IOP measurement instrument is too short, there may not be sufficient signal to determine a change in value. While the AOP inversions require more empirical assumptions to determine IOP values than in situ instruments, they provide a higher signal to noise ratio in clearer waters. This study defines closure as the statistical agreement between instruments and methods in order to determine the same optical property. No method is considered absolute truth. An R[subscript rs] inversion algorithm was best under most of the test stations for measuring IOP values. One exception was when bottom reflectance was significant, an inversion of diffuse attenuation (the change in the natural log of E[subscript d] over depth) was better for determining absorption and a field instrument was better for determining backscattering. The relationships between AOPs and IOPs provide estimates of unmeasured optical properties. A method was developed to determine the spectral reflectance of the bottom using IOP estimates and R[subscript rs].
Download or read book Ocean Optics written by Richard W. Spinrad and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of Jerlov's classic volume on optical oceanography in 1968, the ability to predict or model the submarine light field, given measurements of the inherent optical properties of the ocean, has improved to the point that model fields are very close to measured fields. In the last three decades, remote sensing capabilities have fostered powerful models that can be inverted to estimate the inherent optical properties closely related to substances important for understanding global biological productivity, environmental quality, and most nearshore geophysical processes. This volume presents an eclectic blend of information on the theories, experiments, and instrumentation that now characterize the ways in which optical oceanography is studied. Through the course of this interdisciplinary work, the reader is led from the physical concepts of radiative transfer to the experimental techniques used in the lab and at sea, to process-oriented discussions of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for oceanic optical variability. The text will be of interest to researchers and students in physical and biological oceanography, biology, geophysics, limnology, atmospheric optics, and remote sensing of ocean and global climate change.
Download or read book The Inherent Optical Properties of the Oceans written by Andrew Heath Barnard and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precise in situ measurement of the spectral absorption and scattering coefficients in several regions has revealed patterns in the distribution of the inherent optical properties on spatial scales that were previously unobtainable. The precision of the measurements was found to be consistent and unbiased across a variety of oceanic regimes and are therefore useful for studies of radiative transfer. The spectral information obtained during this research was used to define fundamental relationships between the inherent optical properties and the apparent optical properties of the ocean. A multiple band ratio algorithm based on the relationship between the absorption coefficient and the remote sensing reflectance was developed to provide a means to test the optical measurements for closure. A large database of synoptic measurements of the spectral absorption coefficient and the remote sensing reflectance was tested for closure using this algorithm and it was found that radiative transfer works to within instrument accuracy. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that inversion to obtain the absorption coefficient is possible using this algorithm providing that the spectral dependence of the absorption coefficient can be accurately modeled. A model based on the horizontal variability in the vertical structure of the backscattering to absorption ratio was developed to predict the amplitude of an internal wave using the spatial information in the remote sensing reflectance. The results from a combined aircraft and in situ measurement experiment showed that the predicted amplitudes of the internal wave were comparable to the depth fluctuations of the thermocline observed in the in situ temperature profiles. In an effort to aid primary productivity experiments, an empirical model to predict the photosynthetically available radiation light levels from the absorption coefficient profiles at 490 nm was developed based on in situ data collected in the Gulf of California. The model was able to predict the depth of the one percent light level with a standard error of 4 m. This model provides a method to estimate the daytime light levels from nighttime absorption coefficient measurements at 490 nm.
Download or read book Uniqueness in Remote Sensing of the Inherent Optical Properties of Ocean Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the problem of uniqueness in the relationship between the remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) and the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of ocean water. The results show that diffuse reflectance of plane irradiance from ocean water is inherently ambiguous. Furthermore, in the 400
Download or read book Variations in the Inherent Optical Properties of Coastal Ocean Waters at Imperial Beach California During the Winter and Spring Seasons written by Ezra Yon Miksic and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In situ methods for measuring the inherent optical properties of ocean waters written by A. BRICAUD and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Oceanography written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Oceanography
Download or read book Bio optical Modeling and Remote Sensing of Inland Waters written by Deepak R. Mishra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bio-optical Modeling and Remote Sensing of Inland Waters presents the latest developments, state-of-the-art, and future perspectives of bio-optical modeling for each optically active component of inland waters, providing a broad range of applications of water quality monitoring using remote sensing. Rather than discussing optical radiometry theories, the authors explore the applications of these theories to inland aquatic environments. The book not only covers applications, but also discusses new possibilities, making the bio-optical theories operational, a concept that is of great interest to both government and private sector organizations. In addition, it addresses not only the physical theory that makes bio-optical modeling possible, but also the implementation and applications of bio-optical modeling in inland waters. Early chapters introduce the concepts of bio-optical modeling and the classification of bio-optical models and satellite capabilities both in existence and in development. Later chapters target specific optically active components (OACs) for inland waters and present the current status and future direction of bio-optical modeling for the OACs. Concluding sections provide an overview of a governance strategy for global monitoring of inland waters based on earth observation and bio-optical modeling. Presents comprehensive chapters that each target a different optically active component of inland waters Contains contributions from respected and active professionals in the field Presents applications of bio-optical modeling theories that are applicable to researchers, professionals, and government agencies
Download or read book Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation Revision 4 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Optics of Ocean Water written by K.S. Shifrin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-02-18 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Outstanding Topics in Ocean Optics written by Dariusz Stramski and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean optics is a branch of oceanography which is firmly embedded in studies of a great variety of ocean science and engineering questions. The interactive nature between radiative transfer of light and various dissolved and particulate constituents of seawater is at the core of ocean optics science and applications. The transfer of radiant solar energy has vital implications to life and climate on Earth, and the large variety of subjects of ocean optics ranges from the subtle problems of physical optics to optical remote sensing towards a better understanding of ocean biology, biogeochemistry and ecosystems and their roles in the Earth's system processes. The intention of this book is to present a collection of papers that generally share a common denominator of frontier topics in ocean optics which are unique, uncommon or outstanding in the literature, and to provide a balanced view of the extraordinary breadth of research in this field. Topics as diverse as measurements and modeling of radiative transfer, light fields, light scattering and polarization, ocean color, benthic optical properties, and the use of optics for characterizing seawater constituents are addressed in this book. The book is expected to be of interest and useful to a broad audience of professional ocean scientists, engineers and advanced students with an interest in ocean optics and applications of optical methods in oceanography.
Download or read book Inherent optical properties of the ocean written by F.E. HOGE and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theoretical Dependence of the Near asymptotic Apparent Optical Properties on the Inherent Optical Properties of Sea Water written by George F. Beardsley and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Optics written by N.G. Jerlov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1976-01-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Optics
Download or read book Light Scattering by Particles in Water written by Miroslaw Jonasz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light scattering-based methods are used to characterize small particles suspended in water in a wide range of disciplines ranging from oceanography, through medicine, to industry. The scope and accuracy of these methods steadily increases with the progress in light scattering research. This book focuses on the theoretical and experimental foundations of the study and modeling of light scattering by particles in water and critically evaluates the key constraints of light scattering models. It begins with a brief review of the relevant theoretical fundamentals of the interaction of light with condensed matter, followed by an extended discussion of the basic optical properties of pure water and seawater and the physical principles that explain them. The book continues with a discussion of key optical features of the pure water/seawater and the most common components of natural waters. In order to clarify and put in focus some of the basic physical principles and most important features of the experimental data on light scattering by particles in water, the authors employ simple models. The book concludes with extensive critical reviews of the experimental constraints of light scattering models: results of measurements of light scattering and of the key properties of the particles: size distribution, refractive index (composition), structure, and shape. These reviews guide the reader through literature scattered among more than 210 scientific journals and periodicals which represent a wide range of disciplines. A special emphasis is put on the methods of measuring both light scattering and the relevant properties of the particles, because principles of these methods may affect interpretation and applicability of the results. The book includes extensive guides to literature on light scattering data and instrumentation design, as well as on the data for size distributions, refractive indices, and shapes typical of particles in natural waters. It also features a comprehensive index, numerous cross-references, and a reference list with over 1370 entries. An errata sheet for this work can be found at: http://www.tpdsci.com/Ref/Jonasz_M_2007_LightScatE.php *Extensive reference section provides handy compilations of knowledge on the designs of light scattering meters, sources of experimental data, and more *Worked exercises and examples throughout
Download or read book A Novel Concept for Measuring Seawater Inherent Optical Properties in and Out of the Water written by Alina Gainusa Bogdan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Light Absorption in Sea Water written by Bogdian Wozniak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-11 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed description of light absorption and absorbents in seawaters with respect to provenance, region of the sea, depth of the occurrence and trophicity. The text is based on a substantial body of contemporary research results taken from the subject literature (over 400 references) and the work of the authors over a period of 30 years.
