Download or read book The Informal Economy written by Ioana Horodnic and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During much of the twentieth century, informal employment and entrepreneurship was commonly depicted as a residue from a previous era. Its continuing presence was seen to be a sign of "backwardness" whilst the formal economy represented "progress". In recent decades, however, numerous studies have revealed not only that informal employment is extensive and persistent but also that it is growing relative to formal employment in many populations. Whilst in the developing world, the informal economy is often found to be the mainstream economy, nevertheless, in the developed world too, informality is currently still estimated to account for notable per cent of GDP. The Informal Economy: Exploring Drivers and Practices intends to engage with these issues, providing a much-need ‘contextualised’ approach to explain the persistence and growth of forms of informal economic practices and entrepreneurial activities in the twenty-first century. Using a diverse range of empirical case studies from Europe, Africa, North Africa and Asia, this book unpacks the different varieties of forms of informal work and entrepreneurship and provides a critical analysis of existing theorisations used to explain such phenomena. This book’s aim is to examine the nature and persistence of informal work and entrepreneurship, across a variety of empirical settings, from within the developed world, the developing world and within transformation economies within post-socialist spaces. Given its worldwide, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach and recent interest in the informal economies by a number of disciplines and organisations, this book will be of vital reading to those operating in the fields of: Economics, political economy and management, Human and economic geography and Economic anthropology and sociology as well as development studies

Download or read book Colombia written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper focuses on Venezuelan migration and the labor market. Over 2 million migrants have crossed the border from Venezuela and continue to join Colombia’s labor market—which remains weak overall with rising unemployment and falling participation. There is so far little evidence of displacement effects on account of immigration, however, as the Colombian informal sector has capably absorbed most of the migrant inflow. A more granular view of Colombia’s local labor markets does not show weaker employment outcomes in those that have received the most migrants. However, with many of these workers being highly skilled and attached to the informal sector, evidence of labor misallocation highlights the need to continue integration policies. The government is conducting efforts to accelerate the validation of Venezuelan degrees for easing the integration of professional migrants and high-school educated migrants who wish to continue their university studies in Colombia.

Download or read book Public Space in Informal Settlements written by Jaime Hernández-García and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public Space in Informal Settlements: The Barrios of Bogotá contributes to the debate on informal settlements by viewing them as an opportunity to understand different ways of seeing and thinking about the city. Public spaces in informal settlements, like the housing stock, are to a large extent the product of local self-help and self-managed processes; however, the equivalent level of understanding has not been achieved, partly because such settlements are often seen as spare spaces with little value. Public spaces in informal settlements are public in terms of ownership and accessibility, but are communal in terms of use and attachment. They play an important role in the physical and social dynamics of the barrios, and have done since their inception; however, the improvement and consolidation of such spaces may not be realised for many years. The book will be of primary importance to architects, urban planners and researchers who are interested in the city in general, and in informal settlements in particular. The book will also be of interest to those in the humanities and social sciences who are concerned with politics and postcolonial studies, and to academics working in people–environment studies and in the relationship between people and place in terms of place self-building, place attachment and place identity. However, the volume will be of most interest for Latin Americanists who do not read Spanish or Portuguese, and would like to know more about the region, the problems and the views, from the perspective of an insider with extended knowledge of the field.

Download or read book Informality written by Guillermo Perry and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes informality in Latin America, exploring root causes and reasons for and implications of its growth. This book uses two distinct but complementary lenses. It concludes that reducing informality levels and overcoming the "culture of informality" will require actions to increase aggregate productivity in the economy.

Download or read book Colombian Constitutional Law written by Manuel José Cepeda Espinosa and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-27 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in English the case law of the Colombian Constitutional Court, which has become one of the most creative and important courts of the global south and the world since its creation in 1991. It offers concise and carefully chosen extracts of the Court's most important cases, along with notes and introductory materials to place them in historical and comparative context. The book covers the Court's landmark rights jurisprudence, including the decriminalization of drug possession, the legalization of same-sex marriage, the protection of social rights through broad structural orders such as the ones covering internally displaced persons and the right to health. It also covers the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples to cultural autonomy and to be consulted before economic projects are undertaken on their land, and the rights of victims of the country's long-running internal armed conflict to truth, justice, and reparations. Also provided are the Court's most noteworthy structural cases, particularly its successful attempt to limit the use of states of exception and its substitution of the constitution doctrine, which allows it to strike down amendments that replace rather than amending core principles of the existing constitutional order. The materials focus on the Court's contributions in a comparative perspective, showing how they are exemplary of a range of problems faced by courts around the world and particularly as an example of aggressive judicial review by the courts of the global south. At the same time, they demonstrate how many of the Court's key cases - such as the judicial review of the peace process with guerrilla groups or the striking down of an amendment to allow a popular president to seek a third term - are reactions to the historical features of the Colombian legal and social landscape.

Download or read book Informal Relations from Democratic Representation to Corruption written by Zdenka and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informal relations have been one of the major research topics of the social sciences since the 1990s. In order to allow for meaningful comparisons between different combinations of the positive and negative effects of informal relations on democratic representation, this book focuses on post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe as a particular region where formal democratic rules have been established, but competing informal rules are still strong. A broad spectrum of related analytical concepts is discussed from different perspectives and from different academic disciplines, then empirical cases of the relationship between informal relations and democratic representation are analyzed. The contributions span the whole continuum, as we perceive it, from civil society networks seen as supporting democratic representation to the perversion of democratic representation through political corruption. The final part of the book takes a closer look at corruption through four case studies from Russia.

Download or read book Emerging Tools and Strategies for Financial Management written by Álvarez-García, Begoña and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past years, significant changes have occurred in the corporate sector arising from globalization, increasing international competitiveness, and intensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). These developments have led to new corporate and social behaviors that are affecting the entire corporate value chain. Thus, business organizations are focusing on technological innovation as a driving force of development. Emerging Tools and Strategies for Financial Management is a pivotal reference source that explores both practical and theoretical perspectives on how financial management is evolving and how future consequences of technological innovation will affect individuals, businesses, and society. While highlighting topics such as financial imbalance, venture capital, and shadow banking, this publication explores the relationship between companies and their customers and the methods of generating changes in today’s enterprises. This book is ideally designed for business managers, financial analysts, financial controllers, directors, finance officers, treasurers, entrepreneurs, CEOs, academicians, students, and research professionals.

Download or read book Policy Analysis in Colombia written by Pablo Sanabria-Pulido and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading Colombian academics and experienced policy practitioners cast new light on their country in this systematic overview of policy analysis for an international audience. Examining the historical development and current status of policy analysis as a field of study and in practice, it considers public policy analysis in government and the judiciary, and across domains including health, education and the military. Contributors also delve into Colombia’s notable success in economic regeneration, the management of cultural diversity and the resolution of long-term internal armed conflict. Not just an important summation of policy analysis in Colombia, this book also provides insights and lessons applicable elsewhere.

Download or read book OECD Urban Studies National Urban Policy Review of Colombia written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2022-05-27 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This OECD National Urban Policy Review of Colombia provides a comprehensive assessment of the country’s national urban policy ‘the System of Cities’ and of different sectoral policies that affect urban life: transport, housing, land use, and digitalisation. Colombia has entered the 2020s facing five intertwined crises: the COVID-19 pandemic, rising levels of poverty and inequality, a wave of mass international migration, the peace process consolidation, and the climate emergency.

Download or read book Departments of State and Justice the Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriations Department of State Hearings Before the Subcommittee written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hearings written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 1096 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Urban Regeneration Sustainability written by C.A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2016-12-28 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including papers presented at the 11th International Conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability held in Alicante, Spain, this book addresses the multidisciplinary aspects of urban planning; a result of the increasing size of cities, the amount of resources and services required and the complexity of modern society. Most of the earth’s population live in cities and the process of urbanisation continues generating problems originating from the drift of the population towards them. These problems can be resolved by cities becoming efficient habitats, saving resources in a way that improves the standard of living. The process faces a number of challenges related to reducing pollution, improving main transportation and infrastructure systems and these challenges can contribute to the development of social and economic imbalances and require the development of new solutions. Large cities are probably the most complex mechanisms to manage, nevertheless they represent a productive ground for architects, engineers, city planners, social and political scientists able to conceive new ideas and time them according to technological advances and human requirements. The papers in this book cover such topics as: Appropriate technologies for smart cities; Architectural issues; Case studies - sustainable practices; Cultural quarters and interventions; Disaster and emergency response; Eco-town planning; Environmental management; Landscape planning and design; Planning for resilience; Quality of life; Socio-economic and political considerations; Pedestrians behaviour in different situation of traffic, modelling and safety; Sustainable urban regeneration and public space; City and beach; Sustainability and the built environment; Sustainable energy and the city; The community and the city; Transportation; Urban conservation and regeneration; Urban development and management; Urban infrastructure; Urban metabolism; Urban planning and design; Urban safety and security; Urban strategies; Waterfront development.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trends in Architecture and Construction written by Anurag Varma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Colombia A Country Study written by Rex A. Hudson and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treats in concise and objective manner the dominant historical, social, political, economic, and national security aspects of contemporary Colombia. Chapter bibliographies appear at the end of the book.

Download or read book OECD Employment Outlook 2015 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OECD Employment Outlook 2015 reviews recent labour market trends and short-term prospects in OECD countries, looking at: recent labour market developments, especially around minimum wages; skills and wage inequality; activation policies and inclusive labour markets; and job quality.

Download or read book Forbearance as Redistribution written by Alisha Holland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book explains why and when laws go unenforced in developing countries. It argues that the tolerance of street vending and squatting is a form of informal welfare provision and a more effective means to mobilize the poor than conventional state social policies.

Download or read book Winners and Losers in Colombia s Economic Growth of the 1970s written by Miguel Urrutia and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines, through the use of a wide array of statistical data, how Colombia's economic growth during the decade of the 1970s affected the income of its workers.