Download or read book Influences of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis on Three dimensional Kinematic of the Trunk in Lateral Bending Motion written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis on Three dimensional Kinematic of the Trunk in Lateral Bending Motion written by Nader Farahpour and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Ludvig Vavruch and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scoliosis is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine. Even though it has been known for centuries, treatment of the deformity has focused on correcting only in the frontal plane. In the last decades, the need for three-dimensional assessment regarding scoliosis has been highlighted to better understand the cause and the principles of treating scoliosis. The overall aim of this dissertation is to provide knowledge to assess scoliosis as a three-dimensional problem. The severity of scoliosis is measured with the Cobb angle from standing radiographs. Computed tomography (CT) examinations are used throughout this thesis. The first paper investigates the difference in Cobb angle measured from standing radiographs and supine CT examinations. The standing radiographs had larger Cobb angles with a mean difference of 11° and a linear correlation between the two examinations from 128 consecutive patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) planned for surgery. The second paper compares the axial shape of vertebrae in 20 patients with AIS with a reference group. Clear asymmetry was observed in all vertebrae – superior and inferior end vertebrae as well as the apical vertebra – compared with corresponding vertebrae among the reference group. The asymmetry was most pronounced in the apical vertebra. A novel parameter, frontal vertebral body rotation (FVBR), was introduced to describe the internal rotation of the vertebrae in the axial plane. Pelvic incidence (PI) is a measurement of the position of the sacrum in relation to the femoral heads. This is relevant in scoliosis because PI determines the pelvic configuration acting as a foundation to the spine. PI has traditionally been measured from standing radiographs. The third study investigates PI three-dimensionally, based on low-dose CT examinations, in 37 patients with Lenke type 1 or 5 curves compared with a reference group. A significantly higher PI was observed in patients with Lenke type 5 curves compared with the reference group and patients with Lenke type 1 curves. Severe AIS is treated with corrective surgery. Two approaches are available: the predominant posterior approach and the anterior approach. In the fourth paper, these two approaches are evaluated with regard to three-dimensional correction, how well the correction is maintained over a 2-year follow-up and patient-reported outcome measures. Twenty-seven patients treated with the posterior approach and 26 patients treated with the anterior approach, all with Lenke type 1 curves, were included. Fewer vertebrae were fused in the anterior group, but the posterior group had a better correction of the deformity in the frontal plane. No difference was observed regarding three-dimensional correction and patient-reported outcome measures. AIS is truly a complex three-dimensional deformity. More research is needed to fully comprehend the complexity of the scoliotic spine.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Age and Sex Related Analysis of Pediatric Spinal Motion and Comparisons with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Jeffrey William Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a three - dimensional deformity which is characterized by abnormal curvature and rotation of the spine. Dynamic measurements of normative spinal range of motion (ROM) are commonly used to assess the changes in functionality of the spine due to scoliotic deformity. However, due to the inherent changes in anatomical structures due to growth in children, normative ROM values are also likely to change based on age and sex. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to characterize the age and sex-related changes in the spinal ROM in normative children, quantify muscle activation corresponding to those ROM, and to determine the functional differences in spinal motion between normative and pre-operative AIS pediatric subjects. A total of 30 normative male and female pediatric subjects between the ages of 6-21 years were recruited to participate in this institutional review board approved study. Subjects performed six active motions to their maximum ROM: forward flexion, extension, lateral bending (left and right), and axial rotation (left and right). Dependent kinematic variables included the angles between adjacent spinal segments and total spinal ROM. Additionally, peak muscle activation during each ROM was measured through surface electromyography electrodes placed bilaterally on the erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, internal and external oblique muscles. Spinal ROM normalized to subjects' standing height varied significantly with age for flexion and axial rotation movements. No significant patterns of muscle activation were present; however, trunk muscles activated according to the directionality of the movement suggesting that a combination of forces are responsible for controlling motion. AIS patients had significantly reduced ROM in the spinal region containing the apex of the deformity as compared to age and sex-matched normative subjects; suggesting that the scoliotic deformity restricts motion in the location of the primary curvature. In addition to providing clinicians with a normative database of trunk kinematics and muscle activation data, these normative kinematic data can also be used to validate subject-specific computational models of the normative pediatric spine.
Download or read book An In vitro Kinematic Biomechanical Evaluation of Two Surgical Techniques in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Lisa Diane Fazenbaker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study was an in-vitro kinematic biomechanical evaluation of surgical techniques in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The objective was to compare the three-dimensional range of motion (ROM) of the spinal column between Ponte osteotomy and bilateral medial facetectomy. AIS is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine that often requires surgical intervention to achieve a balanced, safe, and stable correction. The current destabilization technique involves bilateral medial facetectomy. The difference in the achievable range of motion between facetectomy and Ponte osteotomy has not been quantified previously. Three-dimensional flexibility tests were conducted on ten thoracolumbar bovine specimens in a repeated measures design with [alpha] = 0.05 to determine differences in ROM between facetectomy and Ponte osteotomy. Facetectomy entailed bilateral resection of the inferior articular processes, while Ponte osteotomy involved further resection of the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, spinous process, ligamentum flavum, and bilateral resection of the facet joint and capsule at each surgical level. Flexibility tests in axial rotation (AR), flexion-extension (FE), flexion-extension with a 660 N compressive follower load (FEFL), and lateral bending (LB) were performed under [plus or minus]5 Nm of pure moments for five cycles. Three-dimensional kinematic data were captured using a high-speed camera, and the overall range of motion (ROM) was determined in each direction. Compared to the intact state, there was a significantly greater increase in AR ROM after Ponte osteotomy (406% of intact) than after facetectomy (238% of intact). FE trials showed a similar result with a significantly larger increase in ROM after Ponte osteotomy (186% of intact) than after facetectomy (129% of intact). FEFL also yielded a larger increase after Ponte (151% of intact) than after facetectomy (110% of intact). The same was not true of lateral bending, however. In the LB loading condition, the increase in ROM after Ponte osteotomy (117% of intact) was not significantly larger than after facetectomy (113% of intact). The current study showed that, while bilateral medial facetectomy increased ROM in all three directions, Ponte osteotomy produced a significantly greater increase in ROM in flexion-extension and axial rotation over facetectomy when compared to the intact state.
Download or read book Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Masafumi Machida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of current topics in idiopathic scoliosis (IS). A three-dimensional deformity of the spine, the condition is characterized by lateral curvature combined with vertebral rotation. The primary lesion, however, lies in the median sagittal plane, taking the form of a lordosis. Although the clinical manifestations of scoliosis have been well documented, its cause and pathogenesis have not yet been determined. Research into what causes IS has focused on the structural elements of the spine, spinal musculature, collagenous structures, the endocrine system, the central nervous system, and genetics. Results of these studies have brought about a new perception of IS epiphenomena, but the main cause of IS remains unknown. Recently, several investigators have produced new hypotheses regarding the cause of IS using the developing techniques of genetics, biochemistry, and neurology. This book is a review of the various causative factors thus far proposed for IS and an introduction to the directions in which research is heading to determine the primary cause of IS.
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geometry Growth and Shape of the Normative Pediatric Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae and Ribs and Comparisons with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by James R. Peters and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth of the thoracic and lumbar spines, and rib cage is a complex composite of the growth contributed by each individual vertebra and rib; however, the majority of literature describing growth of these structures report heights and lengths of the spine or volume of the ribcage. Previous pediatric studies focusing on the morphology of individual ribs and vertebrae use inconsistent measurement techniques to collect geometric dimensions from nonhomogeneous samples and few of these studies evaluate growth or possible vertebral level and sex-related differences in the pediatric morphology. Data detailing the normative morphology and growth of the spine and rib cage may provide insights into the progression of spinal deformities like adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). AIS is a complex three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the thoracic and lumbar spines and rib cage involving lateral bending of the spine, axial rotation of the vertebrae, wedging of the vertebral bodies, and malformation of the vertebral structures. Despite the large amount of subject specific variability present in AIS, classification schemes like the Lenke system have been developed to help categorize the scoliotic deformity and provide guidance for surgical interventions. Lenke-types 1, 2, and 5 collectively account for approximately 83 percent of AIS cases requiring surgery. The standard surgical treatment for AIS is mechanical de-rotation of the spine followed by posterior spinal fusion (PSF). In some cases deformity progression has been observed even after PSF suggesting that the vertebrae can continue to grow and develop following spine arthrodesis. New surgical treatments for AIS rely on modulating growth instead of arresting it; however these techniques require knowledge about how mechanical forces impact normative growth. Such investigations can be conducted in silico using finite element (FE) models. FE models of the spine have been used to investigate scoliotic deformity progression as well as correction using surgical constructs. While previous FE models of the spine have simulated axial growth of the vertebral bodies, growth of the posterior elements (pedicles, facets, and major processes) is largely ignored due to a lack of data describing their development. Such limitations need to be addressed if better models of progression and correction are to be created. This thesis provides a thorough analysis of the pediatric thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and rib morphology and growth collected from 3D reconstructions of computed tomography scans of 202 skeletally normal subjects between the ages of 1 and 19 years. This normative data is compared with preoperatively and postoperatively, two years following PSF, obtained 3D spine reconstructions of 36 Lenke-type 1, 2, and 5 subjects to quantitatively assess the deformity in each and evaluate vertebral remodeling following spine arthrodesis. Finally a method is developed to integrate the pediatric growth data for all vertebral structures into a growing FE model which is used to assess the impact of vertebral growth on a simulated PSF construct. In addition to improving FE models of the growing spine, the normative and Lenke-type-specific morphology data presented here can be used to optimize the timing and duration of growth modulating devices and develop novel techniques for the treatment of AIS.
Download or read book The Effect of Vertebral Body Tethering on Spine Motion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Mina Maksimovic and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current gold standard for the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation (PSF); however, decreased normal spine function, strain on unfused vertebrae and pain have been suggested as long-term complications with this technique. Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a novel and minimally invasive approach for scoliosis correction that does not involve fusion and may theoretically preserve spine motion. VBT involves the use of screws and a tether that are inserted thoracoscopically on the convexity of the spine curvature in skeletally immature patients, allowing progressive curve correction as skeletal maturity is achieved. No research to date has explored the effect of VBT on spine motion in AIS. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to retrospectively compare global and intersegmental spine range of motion in adolescents (9-18 years of age) without spine deformity, adolescents with untreated AIS, adolescents having undergone PSF, and adolescents having undergone VBT to gain insight on the effect of VBT on spine motion. Twenty participants were recruited into four groups including Control (n = 6), untreated AIS (n = 5), post-operative PSF (n = 4) and post-operative VBT (n = 5). Three-dimensional kinematics of the spine were collected and analyzed using an intersegmental spine model during constrained forward flexion, right-left lateral bending, and right-left axial twist movements. The PSF group displayed significantly lower spine ROM than the two non-operative groups during thoracic and total left axial twist (p ≤ 0.048), whereas thoracic and total spine range of motion during right-left lateral bending is almost equally lower in the PSF (p ≤ 0.03) and VBT (p ≤ 0.01) groups when compared to the Control and AIS groups. These results may suggest some preservation of spine motion in the transverse plane following VBT; however further investigation with a greater sample size and a prospective study design is needed to support and prove the theoretical preservation of spine motion following VBT.
Download or read book Validity of a New Three dimensional Model for Measuring Spine Kinematics During Gait in Females with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Three dimensional Deformity of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and the Effects of Surgical Intervention written by Simon Andrew Wemyss-Holden and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Schroth s Textbook of Scoliosis and Other Spinal Deformities written by Marc Moramarco and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patients and families coping with scoliosis and other spinal deformities are increasingly seeking better solutions for care and management. The recent worldwide expansion of the Schroth method, an exercise rehabilitation treatment originating in Germany, and its new advancements in compatible bracing have led to the need for an overview of evidence-based treatment principles. This comprehensive textbook is the first of its kind from the Schroth Best Practice Academy, an international group of highly esteemed and experienced scoliosis practitioners and researchers. A collaborative body of work, it focuses on the most common spinal deformities and provides current methods of non-surgical treatment. It highlights cutting-edge treatment options often disregarded by mainstream medicine, and will serve to guide and enhance the knowledge of conservative treatment practitioners desiring to help patients improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.
Download or read book Three dimensional Assessments of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using Three dimensional Ultrasound written by Qian Wang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Motion Analysis Technology as an Alternative Means of Assessing Spinal Deformity in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Matthew John Solomito and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System E Book written by Donald A. Neumann and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its focus on the normal and abnormal mechanical interactions between the muscles and joints of the body, Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations for Rehabilitation, 3rd Edition provides a foundation for the practice of physical rehabilitation. This comprehensive, research-based core text presents kinesiology as it relates to physical rehabilitation in a clinically relevant and accessible manner. It provides students and clinicians with the language of human movement — and acts as a bridge between basic science and clinical management. Full-color anatomic and kinesiologic illustrations clearly demonstrate the anatomy, functional movement, and biomechanical principles underlying movement; and dynamic new video clips help you interpret new concepts with visual demonstration. - More than 900 high-quality illustrations provide you with the visual accompaniments you need to comprehend the material. - Clinical Connections boxes at the end of each chapter in Sections II through IV highlight or expand upon a particular clinical concept associated with the kinesiology covered in the chapter. - Special Focus boxes interspersed throughout the text provide numerous clinical examples that demonstrate why kinesiologic information is needed. - Critical thinking questions challenge you to review or reinforce the main concepts contained within each chapter. - Evidence-based approach emphasizes the importance of research in physical therapy decision-making. - Evolve site for students comes with video clips, answers to study questions, and references linked to Medline. - Evolve site for instructors includes an image collection from the text, teaching tips, and lab activities. - NEW! Kinesiology of Running chapter covers the biomechanics of running. - NEW! Video clips help you interpret new concepts with visual demonstration. - NEW! All-new content on the pelvic floor. - NEW! Thoroughly updated references emphasize the evidence-based presentation of information in the text. - NEW! QR codes linked to videos for easy viewing on mobile devices. - NEW! Pageburst enhanced edition allows you to access multimedia content from the eBook without going to another website.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
