Download or read book Influence of Groundwater Constituents on Longevity of Iron Based Permeable Barriers written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent work has demonstrated the utility of iron permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for the in situ treatment of chlorinated hydrocarbons. In these systems, the surface of the granular iron acts as an electron donor with the reducible contaminant acting as an electron acceptor, thereby leading to corrosion of the material. Although the exact mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated, field demonstration indicate that the reactions are rapid under environmentally relevant conditions. At the time of this writing, granular iron PRBs for the degradation of VOCs in groundwater have been installed at over 70 sites, including 53 sites located within the United States. Questions remain, however, concerning the longevity of effective contaminant removal at such installations. From a design standpoint, the long-term success of iron treatment walls is critically dependent on their ability to maintain a reactive surface and appropriate hydraulic residence times (HRTs) for treatment. Deteriorations in the performance of iron-based treatment processes may occur if either the chemical activity of the solid surface diminishes of if the mean hydraulic residence time of the porous medium is reduced. Moreover, changes in the hydraulic residence time distributions (HRTDs) of the porous medium may affect treatment efficiency in a manner that is strongly dependent on the nature of the reaction kinetics. At present, the relationships between the iron surface composition, reaction mechanisms, and reactivity are imperfectly understood. Although some studies have indicated little change over time in iron reactivity for chlorinated hydrocarbons, other investigations have demonstrated that specific groundwater constituents can act over the long term to either diminish or to enhance the reactivity of the iron's interfacial region towards certain species.
Download or read book Long Term Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers written by K.E. Roehl and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2005-04-27 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While extensive research has been performed on many technological aspects of permeable reactive barriers and a number of contaminants have so far been successfully treated by PRB systems, long-term performance has not been extensively considered and little is known about the processes influencing long-term behaviour. This gap in our knowledge is all the more disadvantageous as design life has a decisive influence on the economic viability of PRBs. The book describes methods for evaluation and enhancement of the long-term performance of PRB systems, especially of those targeting heavy metals, specifically uranium, and organic contaminants by sorption and/or precipitation mechanisms. Major topics in the book are: Selection and characterisation of suitable reactive materials Characterisation of the relevant contaminant attenuation processes Developing new contaminant-binding chemical compounds ("ligands") Accelerated testing methods to assess the long-term performance of the attenuation mechanisms in PRBs Evaluation of the influence of site characteristics on PRB performance Monitoring of existing and new field installations Coupling of electrokinetic techniques and PRB systems Large-scale laboratory and field tests and their results It addresses the long-term performance of PRBs, an important feature of this novel remediation technology, systematically. It deals extensively with heavy metal removal, with special emphasis on uranium. A number of case studies, experiences with large-scale modelling and test site experiments provide insight into the practical application of the results. This volume will contribute to the science underpinning groundwater remediation, and this will result in the improvement of quality of life and health and safety. * A systematic approach to investigating the long-term performance of permeable reactive barriers * Development of new contaminant-binding chemical compounds ("ligands"), accelerated testing methods to assess the long-term performance, and efficiency enhancing electrokinetic techniques * Extensive data and information on a Hungarian uranium mining facility; once a carefully kept secret of the Soviet Union
Download or read book The Handbook of Environmental Remediation written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental remediation technologies to control or prevent pollution from hazardous waste material is a growing research area in academia and industry, and is a matter of utmost concern to public health, to improve ecology and to facilitate the redevelopment of a contaminated site. Recently, in situ and ex situ remediation technologies have been developed to rectify the contaminated sites, utilizing various tools and devices through physical, chemical, biological, electrical, and thermal processes to restrain, remove, extract, and immobilize mechanisms to minimize the contamination effects. This handbook brings altogether classical and emerging techniques for hazardous wastes, municipal solid wastes and contaminated water sites, combining chemical, biological and engineering control methods to provide a one-stop reference. This handbook presents a comprehensive and thorough description of several remediation techniques for contaminated sites resulting from both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Providing critical insights into a range of treatments from chemical oxidation, thermal treatment, air sparging, electrokinetic remediation, stabilization/solidification, permeable reactive barriers, thermal desorption and incineration, phytoremediation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation, bioventing and biosparging through ultrasound-assisted remediation methods, electrochemical remediation methods, and nanoremediation, this handbook provides the reader an inclusive and detailed overview and then discusses future research directions. Closing chapters on green sustainable remediation, economics, health and safety issues, and environmental regulations around site remediation will make this a must-have handbook for those working in the field.
Download or read book Handbook of Groundwater Remediation using Permeable Reactive Barriers written by David Naftz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-10-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last century and a half, groundwaters have become contaminated by a growing number of organic and inorganic substances ranging from petroleum-derived hydrocarbons to radioactive compounds, to cancer-causing hexavalent chromium. The importance of uncontaminated groundwater for agriculture, human consumption, and the environmental health of ecosystems is paramount to the health and productivity of industrial society. Water scientists and managers are focused on developing cost-effective methods to reverse this trend.Several methodologies have been developed, however few are as cost-effective as the use of readily available materials, such as iron and organic compost, for absorbing and isolating contaminants within the matrix of a permeable barrier. The Handbook of Groundwater Remediation using Permeable Reactive Barriers presents readers with this latest technology and developments within four main sections:1. Innovations in Design, Construction, and Evaluation of PRBs2. Development of Reactive Materials3. Evaluations of Chemical and Biological Processes4. Case Studies of Permeable Reactive Barrier InstallationsThe Handbook is one of the first references specifically on this topic. It is an excellent fit for graduate students entering this emerging field as well as professionals conducting research or implementing this technology.
Download or read book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.
Download or read book Quantification of Morphological Changes in Zero Valent Iron ZVI written by Ping Luo and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Capstone report on the application monitoring and performance of permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation Volume 1 Performance evaluations at two sites written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation written by Arun R. Gavaskar and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the limitations of conventional pump-and-treat systems in treating groundwater contaminants, permeable barriers are potentially more cost-effective than pump-and-treat systems for treating dissolved chlorinated solvent plumes, which may persist in the saturated zone for several decades. Other contaminants, such as chromium or other soluble heavy metals, can also be treated with this technology. Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation discusses the types of permeable barriers, their design and construction, and how they can be monitored to evaluate compliance. It provides practical guidance on reactive media selection, treatability testing, hydrogeologic and geochemical modeling, and innovative installation techniques for the evaluation and application of this promising new technology. The types of permeable barriers discussed include: trench-type and caisson-based reactive cells; innovative emplacements, such as horizontal trenching and jetting; and continuous reactive barriers versus funnel-and-gate systems.
Download or read book Changes in Ground water Quality Near Two Granular iron Permeable Reactive Barriers in a Sand and Gravel Aquifer Cape Cod Massachusetts 1997 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ... The goal of this field experiment was to achieve emplacement of a granular-iron permeable reactive barrier deeper than attempted before ...
Download or read book Capstone Report on the Application Monitoring and Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers for Ground water Remediation written by Richard T. Wilkin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Techniques on Installation of Iron Based Permeable Reactive Barriers and Non iron Based Barrier Treatment Material written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long term Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers Using Zero valent Iron written by Richard T. Wilkin and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remediation of Dissolved Iron from Groundwater at a Closed Landfill Using Air Sparging and Calcium Carbonate Based Permeable Reactive Barriers written by Saraya Sikora and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No trend was observed in iron and manganese content in samples collected from above the water table and at different depths throughout the barriers. In field experiments related to Fe(II) adsorption capacity no trend was clear as to remaining Fe(II) adsorption and depth in the trench. No method was successful in separating groundwater adsorbed metals vs. soil metals adhered to the surface of reactive materials.
Download or read book Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-09-22 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President Carter's 1980 declaration of a state of emergency at Love Canal, New York, recognized that residents' health had been affected by nearby chemical waste sites. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, enacted in 1976, ushered in a new era of waste management disposal designed to protect the public from harm. It required that modern waste containment systems use "engineered" barriers designed to isolate hazardous and toxic wastes and prevent them from seeping into the environment. These containment systems are now employed at thousands of waste sites around the United States, and their effectiveness must be continually monitored. Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers assesses the performance of waste containment barriers to date. Existing data suggest that waste containment systems with liners and covers, when constructed and maintained in accordance with current regulations, are performing well thus far. However, they have not been in existence long enough to assess long-term (postclosure) performance, which may extend for hundreds of years. The book makes recommendations on how to improve future assessments and increase confidence in predictions of barrier system performance which will be of interest to policy makers, environmental interest groups, industrial waste producers, and industrial waste management industry.
Download or read book Effect of Geological Heterogeneity on Permeable Reactive Barriers in Groundwater Remediation written by Mubeen Mohammed and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is an in situ technology for the remediation of contaminated groundwater, whose design is primarily based on the hydrogeology of the site. Heterogeneities in aquifers arising from natural hydrogeological formations create complexity and challenges in site investigation. An adequate site exploration method must be employed which minimizes uncertainty in designing a capture zone for the PRB. By using an objective approach, a proficient reliability index model is designed to quantify hydrogeological uncertainties in site exploration. Modflow-2000 is implemented to calculate groundwater heads and their sensitivity. Utilizing First-Order Second Moment (FOSM) approach, parameter input uncertainty is combined with sensitivity to generate variance in hydraulic heads. This is used for calculating beta to evaluate model prediction and obtaining a capture zone, in which design factors for the PRB are tested. The methods developed in this study are pertinent when applied to the Kansas City Plant case.
Download or read book Permeable Reactive Barrier written by Ravi Naidu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remediation of groundwater is complex and often challenging. But the cost of pump and treat technology, coupled with the dismal results achieved, has paved the way for newer, better technologies to be developed. Among these techniques is permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology, which allows groundwater to pass through a buried porous barrier that either captures the contaminants or breaks them down. And although this approach is gaining popularity, there are few references available on the subject. Until now. Permeable Reactive Barrier: Sustainable Groundwater Remediation brings together the information required to plan, design/model, and apply a successful, cost-effective, and sustainable PRB technology. With contributions from pioneers in this area, the book covers state-of-the-art information on PRB technology. It details design criteria, predictive modeling, and application to contaminants beyond petroleum hydrocarbons, including inorganics and radionuclides. The text also examines implementation stages such as the initial feasibility assessment, laboratory treatability studies (including column studies), estimation of PRB design parameters, and development of a long-term monitoring network for the performance evaluation of the barrier. It also outlines the predictive tools required for life cycle analysis and cost/performance assessment. A review of current PRB technology and its applications, this book includes case studies that exemplify the concepts discussed. It helps you determine when to recommend PRB, what information is needed from the site investigation to design it, and what regulatory validation is required.
Download or read book Advances in Agronomy written by Donald L. Sparks and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-09-22 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and a first-rate source for the latest research in agronomy. As always, the subjects covered are varied and exemplary of the myriad of subject matter dealt with by this long-running serial. Maintains the highest impact factor among serial publications in agriculture Presents timely reviews on important agronomy issues Enjoys a long-standing reputation for excellence in the field
