Download or read book Influence of Early Lactation Energy Balance on Postpartum Interval Milk Production and Metabolic Hormone Concentration in Thin Primiparous Beef Heifers written by David Leon Lalman and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research has firmly documented that body condition at calving has a major influence on reproductive success of beef cattle. One major contributing factor to reduced reproductive efficiency is extended postpartum interval to first estrus or luteal activity (PPI). Unfortunately, due to circumstances that may be beyond the control of the producer, cows and heifers often calve in thin body condition. Other research has led to the recommendation that thin cows be managed to gain body condition during early lactation. However, increasing nutrient intake also increases milk production as well as input costs. Two consecutive experiments were conducted to determine the relationship of rate of body condition change to PPI in first calf heifers that received low nutrient intake during late gestation. Although heifers were treated the same during late gestation, body condition score at calving (CCS) continued to have a greater influence on PPI than did condition score change after calving (CSCH). Increasing body condition during early lactation resulted in reduced PPI, however, few heifers returned to cyclic activity before 90 d postpartum. Maximum reduction in PPI occurred with 1.5 units increase in body condition score (BCS) in 90 d. No additional benefit was gained by increasing more than 1.5 units BCS. In the second trial, the relationships of energy intake and energy balance to milk yield, milk composition and metabolic hormone concentration were investigated. Higher milk production at d 30 postpartum was associated with extended PPI and higher CCS was associated with lower milk production. Low energy intake and (or) body condition loss was associated with a rapid decline in milk production. Greater energy intake delayed peak milk production and resulted in an increase in energy required for milk production as well as an increase in milk protein composition. Greater gains in body condition score were associated with shorter PPI, greater serum concentration of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and lower serum concentration of growth hormone. Increasing body condition score during early lactation can reduce PPI, but evidence supports that inherent metabolic efficiency is more important in determining PPI.

Download or read book Energy Balance LH Secretion and Interval to First Ovulation in Early Postpartum Dairy Cattle written by Richard W. Canfield and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Blood Metabolites and Metabolic Hormones on Milk Production and Reproduction in the Primiparous Sow written by Mike David Tokach and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Negative Energy Balance and Body Condition on Luteal Function and Estrous Behavior in Dairy Cattle written by Alejandro Villa-Godoy and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Prepartum Dietary Energy Density and Protein Content on Peripartum Body Fat Mobilization Milk Yield Health Performance and Protein Turnover in Holstein Cows written by Galal Moustafa Yousif and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transition Cow Metabolism In Relation To Plane Of Energy Prepartum written by Sabine Mann and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition dairy cows face unique metabolic challenges with increased use of energetic substrates from mobilization of body tissue as a hallmark of this adaptation. This change is characterized by a dramatic drop in the circulating insulin concentrations with the onset of milk production and is accompanied by a significant reduction in circulating insulin concentration which may be exacerbated by insulin resistance on the receptor and post-receptor level. Feeding strategies for dry cows have continuously evolved over the last decades and increasing evidence suggests that overfeeding of energy has detrimental effects on the ability of the dairy cow to successfully accomplish this transition, reflected in increased concentration of markers of negative energy balance postpartum. However, it is unclear if dry period plane of energy has direct effects on systemic or local insulin sensitivity in the peripartum period that hamper the metabolic adaptation of the transition cow. The objectives therefore were to 1) evaluate the effect of three different dry period feeding strategies on markers of energy balance and colostrum and milk production 2) evaluate the effect of different feeding strategies on systemic glucose tolerance and insulin response 3) evaluate the effect of different feeding strategies on adipose and muscle tissue accretion and loss as well as tissue-specific insulin signaling. Cows overfed energy during the prepartum period were at higher risk of hyperketonemia and had elevated concentrations of serum nonesterified fatty acids postpartum, whereas milk production remained unchanged. Colostral IgG concentration was highest in cows fed a controlled energy diet prepartum. Whole body glucose tolerance was unaffected by plane of energy prepartum whereas resting concentrations of insulin and glucose remained more stable during the transition period in cows fed a controlled energy diet. Insulin signaling in muscle and adipose tissue was not affected by dry period feeding and overfeeding did not lead to overt inflammatory changes in adipose tissue. Overall, feeding a controlled energy diet prepartum was associated with favorable metabolic parameters in the absence of changes in early lactation milk production. Changes in glucose tolerance or insulin signaling in peripheral tissues did not provide an explanation for the underlying metabolic mechanisms.

Download or read book Influence of Total Feed and Protein Intake on Reproductive Performance in the Beef Female Through Second Calving written by J. N. Wiltbank and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Undegradable Protein Fed Prepartum on Subsequent Lactation Reproduction and Health in Holstein Dairy Cattle written by Robert John Van Saun and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Gestation and Lactation on Dry Matter Intake Dry Matter Digestibility Ruminal Fermentation and Passage Rates of Primiparous Beef Heifers written by Daniel R. Linden and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of late gestation and early lactation on the nutritional status of beef heifers fed low-quality, warm-season grass hay. The first experiment compared DMI, DM digestibility, and ruminal dynamics of pregnant and lactating beef heifers to non-gestating, non-lactating heifers of a similar age and size. This study demonstrated that pregnant heifers ate less than non-pregnant heifers while maintaining similar digestibilities. Intake was similar between lactating and non-lactating, though DM digestibility increased postpartum in lactating heifers. Ruminoreticular fill was less for pregnant than for non-pregnant heifers; ruminoreticular fill was similar regardless of lactation status. Ruminal NH3 increased with increasing intakes throughout the study. Lactating heifers had less ruminal NH3 than non-lactating heifers. Total ruminal VFA concentration was similar from 10 wk prepartum through 10 wk postpartum except at 2 wk prepartum when gestating heifers had less total ruminal VFA concentration. The second experiment compared DMI, DM digestibility, passage rate, and plasma glucose and BHBA concentrations between pregnant heifers, pregnant cows, lactating heifers, and lactating cows which were fed low-quality, warm-season grass hay supplemented with 450 g/d of soybean meal. This study demonstrated that DMI increased with progressing gestation in heifers. Lactating heifers had greater intake than other groups postpartum. DM digestibility decreased with advancing gestation; gestating animals had greater digestibility than non-gestating animals. Lactation status did not influence DM digestibility, though lactating heifers had greater digestibility from 3 to 7 wk postpartum. Digestibility was not influenced by age. Pregnant animals had faster digesta passage rates than non-pregnant counterparts. Plasma glucose concentration increased during the prepartum period; pregnant and lactating animals had lesser plasma glucose concentrations than non-gestating, non-lactating animals. Plasma BHBA concentration was greater in pregnant and lactating animals than in non-pregnant and non-lactating animal; age was not an influence on BHBA concentration. Calves from mature cows grew faster than calves from heifers. These studies showed that beef heifers do not have the same patterns of intake as mature cows during late gestation. Heifers and their calves exhibited poorer performance when compared to mature cows when fed low-quality, warm-season grass hay.

Download or read book Hepatic Energy Metabolism in Early Lactation Dairy Cows written by Maris Mayumi McCarthy and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the period immediately following calving, feed intake is insufficient to support the high milk production of early lactation, resulting in a state of negative energy balance. This state of negative energy balance results in many metabolic adaptations such as the increased mobilization of adipose tissue, manifested as the release of non-esterified fatty acids into circulation to be metabolized by the liver and other tissues and incorporated into milk fat in the mammary gland. Propionate that is produced via fermentation of starch in the rumen is the main precursor for hepatic glucose production, and higher feed and energy intake postpartum generally results in lower circulating non-esterified fatty acids and has been associated with improved health, performance, and less severe postpartum negative energy balance. The objectives herein were to: 1) evaluate the effects of different energetic nutritional strategies on postpartum production and metabolism; 2) evaluate the impact of these nutritional strategies on liver metabolism; 3) evaluate temporal changes in liver metabolism through the transition to lactation and the relationships between hepatic energy substrates; and 4) evaluate the association between the degree of early lactation inflammation with production and metabolism. Cows that were fed diets with greater propiogenic capacity during the postpartum period had improvements in production and metabolism, and increased in vitro conversion of propionate to glucose in the liver. Overall, alterations in fatty acid metabolism that lead to increased triglyceride accumulation during the transition period appear to impair postpartum hepatic gluconeogenesis, and cows that had elevated inflammation in the first week postpartum exhibited a diverse range of production responses, indicating that there is a large degree of variation in individual adaptation.

Download or read book Effects of Dietary Engergy Density on Metabolic Status and Lactation Performance of Periparturient Dairy Cows written by Euler Rabelo and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Early lactation Milk Yield on Dairy Cow Interval to conception written by Jane Little Harman and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Protein Intake During Gestation and Lactation on Mammary Development Milk Production and Subsequent Reproduction of Primiparous Sows written by Jestina Kusina and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Nutritional Management on Peripartum Glucose and Energy Metabolism and Postpartum Health in Transition Dairy Cows written by Winfield Scott Burhans and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: