Download or read book Influence of Cardiac Output on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics written by Crystelle Kiyoko Grant and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to evaluate increased cardiac output (Q) on oxygen kinetics at exercise intensities above and below the lactate threshold (LT). We hypothesized the increase in Q using head-out water immersion (HOI) while treadmill running would reduce the rate constant of the fast component and reduce the amplitude of the slow component of oxygen kinetics compared with land treadmill running. Subjects (n=10) performed two 6 min exercise bouts at a 15% below and above the LT on a land and underwater treadmill following rest. A single exponential equation [VO2(t) = VO2(b) + A1(1-e-t/TC1] was used to evaluate VO2. The slow component at the end of exercise was estimated by subtracting (VO2(b) + A1) from the plateau. The mean LT for HOI running 1.80 ł .09 L x min-1 was significantly lower (p

Download or read book Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Sport Exercise and Medicine written by Andrew M. Jones and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its crucial importance, scientists interested in the limitations of human physical performance have only just started to give the field of oxygen uptake kinetics the attention it deserves. Understanding the principal determinant of the oxygen uptake kinetics is fundamental to improving human performance or the quality of life. This book provides a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge of this emerging field of study, and features: * an introduction to oxygen uptake kinetics and historical development of the discipline * measurement and analysis of oxygen uptake kinetics * control of and limitations to oxygen uptake kinetics * applications of oxygen uptake kinetics in a range of human populations. Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Sport, Health and Medicine is richly illustrated and structured to enable easy access of information and represents an invaluable resource for students and researchers in exercise physiology, as well as for respiratory physiologists and pulmonary clinicians.

Download or read book Oxygen Uptake and Blood Flow Kinetics Following the Onset of Exercise in Trained Humans written by Azmy Faisal and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main hypothesis of this thesis was that the regulation of oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics at the onset of exercise in trained young men is linked to cardiovascular adaptations. Two studies were conducted to investigate the interrelationships between oxygen (O2) transport and O2 utilization in accelerating VO2 kinetics at the onset of exercise. In the first study, simultaneous kinetics of VO2 and cardiac output (Q) were studied during the transition to heavy and moderate cycling exercise (Chapter 2). The acceleration of VO2 kinetics during the heavy exercise that followed prior moderate or heavy exercise was enabled by the rapid increase in Q; whereas, the acceleration of VO2 kinetics during moderate exercise that followed a heavy warm-up was associated with small changes in Q kinetics. The objective of the second study was to determine, in a model of forearm exercise, if the elevation of forearm blood flow (FBF) prior to the onset of exercise by prior circulatory occlusion would accelerate FBF and muscle oxygen uptake (VO2mus)kinetics during subsequent exercise as demonstrated previously for prior exercise (Chapter 3). Prolonged ischemia (15 min occlusion) followed by 3 min recovery reduced FBF and impaired VO2mus kinetics during subsequent heavy hand-grip exercise. However, prior heavy exercise confirmed the previous findings and resulted in a faster FBF and VO2mus kinetics. There was a high positive correlation between the time course of change in FBF and VO2mus at the onset heavy exercise. In a follow up of the second study, to investigate a possible mechanism for the slower adaptation of VO2mus following ischemia, the prior occlusion condition was repeated after ingesting a high dose of ibuprofen. Prostaglandin inhibition by ibuprofen augmented the FBF response during reactive hyperaemia and restored FBF during the heavy exercise that followed 15 min of circulatory occlusion to the control level. These two studies provide evidence that O2 delivery plays a dominant role in accelerating VO2 kinetics at the onset of heavy exercise in trained young men. The findings exposed differences in the mechanisms regulating pulmonary VO2 and VO2mus with prior exercise resulting in higher Q and FBF, but no changes in O2 extraction to yield the faster increase in pulmonary VO2 and VO2 at the onset of subsequent heavy exercise. In contrast, prior occlusion slightly retarded the increase in FBF and significantly reduced O2 extraction thus delaying VO2 kinetics. The precise mechanisms impairing VO2mus kinetics at the onset of heavy forearm hand-grip exercise that starts after a brief recovery from prolonged occlusion are still unknown, but this impairment may be partially due to a vasoconstrictor effect restricting blood flow during the adaptation to exercise and redistribution of the blood to the periphery. In a third study, the influence of muscle activity on the VO2 slow component during heavy exercise and O2 cost during moderate exercise that followed a heavy warm-up were examined (Chapter 4). The heavy exercise VO2 slow component was attenuated in a graded fashion by prior moderate and heavy warm-ups, and the principal components analysis showed a moderate but significant correlation between the changes in the integrated electromyographic activity and the VO2 slow component amplitude. The higher O2 cost of moderate exercise following a heavy warm-up was associated with higher mean power frequency. Changes in VO2 slow component and increased O2 cost during moderate exercise after prior heavy warm-up appear to be related to some changes in surface electromyographic activity which may provide some evidence for increased muscle fibres recruitment.

Download or read book The Effect of Muscle Mass During Priming Exercise on Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake and Cardiac Output Kinetics written by Ryan Seeto and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Comparison of the Kinetics of Oxygen Uptake Between Diabetics and Nondiabetics written by Thomas Jackson Barstow and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oxygen Consumption and Cardiac Output Kinetics from Rest to Steady State Exercise in Trained and Untrained Men written by Stacey A. Meimann and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Central Cardiorespiratory and Peripheral Metabolic Influences on Kinetics of Oxygen Uptake in Older Humans written by Philip D. Chilibeck and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.

Download or read book Hypoxia written by John R. Sutton and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifth International Hypoxia Symposium explored the tolerable limits of hypoxia in animals and man. The human neonate tolerates hypoxia better than the adult yet it is vulnerable and easily damaged by it. Presented results of Operation Everst II in which eight normal subjects were gradually decompressed to the equivalent of the summit of Mount Everst. The adaptations in each link of the oxygen transport chain were seen as important to the adaptative process. The conference explored the mechanisms of thisfrom the cardiorespiratory system to the level of the mitochondria.

Download or read book Effects of Prior Exercise on the On transient Oxygen Uptake Kinetics of Constant load Exercise written by Mark Burnley and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oxygen Consumption Kinetics in Chronic Heart Failure and the Effect of Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy written by Gareth James Owen Riddell and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Oxygen Kinetics in Cardiac Patients written by Steven Clay Kendall and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Warm up on VO2 Kinetics During Heavy Exercise written by Marybeth T. Stockman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Warm-up (WU) is considered an essential part of exercise training in athletic, preventative and rehabilitative exercise programs. Exactly how WU augments exercise performance is unclear. Previous studies during free range exercise have shown down-regulation of power output (PO) and slower oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics in the absence of WU. However, since PO early during an exercise bout is known to drive VO2 kinetics, it is unclear whether these results are primary or responsive to the lower PO in the absence of WU. Eight healthy, physically active volunteers (23.1 + 2.1 years) performed two 3 km time trials (TT), the first with WU to define mean PO (279 + 84 watts), the second without WU, and two square wave (SW) exercise tests to fatigue at a PO equal to the mean achieved on the TT with WU; one was performed with no WU and the other followed a 15 min WU protocol. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze performance time, VO2 kinetics as measured by Mean Response Time (MRT), peak power output (PPO), % PPO, heart rate (HR) response, ventilation, and rating of perceived exertion. Following WU, performance time in the SW tests was not significantly greater (371.3 + 165.7 s vs. 338.3 + 155.1 s), maximal VO2 was significantly greater (4.2 + 1.1 vs. 3.9 + 0.9 L/min), HR was significantly greater (178 + 9 vs. 171 + 10 bpm), but MRT was not different (48.0 + 13.6 s vs. 45.1 + 7.9 s). Thus, the improved performance and overall aerobic response to exercise following WU could not be attributed to differences in MRT. These results fail to support the hypothesis that acceleration of VO2 kinetics, independent of differences in muscle PO, is an outcome of WU. These results suggest that the down-regulation of PO previously observed in studies of WU were responsible for the slower VO2 kinetics.

Download or read book Energetics of Muscular Exercise written by Guido Ferretti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-25 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the maximal power and capacity of the three major biochemical pathways - aerobic (oxygen consumption), anaerobic lactic (muscle lactate accumulation in absence of oxygen consumption), and anaerobic alactic (phosphocreatine hydrolysis) metabolism - as well as the factors that limit them. It also discusses the metabolic and cardio-pulmonary mechanisms of the dynamic response to exercise. The way and extent to which the power and capacity of the three major energy metabolisms are affected under a number of different conditions, such as training, hypoxia and microgravity, are also described.

Download or read book Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation written by Karlman Wasserman and published by Lww. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this fifth edition of Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation, as in earlier editions, we attempt to develop conceptual advances in the physiology and pathophysiology of exercise, particularly as related to the practice of medicine. The underlying theme of the book continues to be the recognition that the most important requirement for exercise performance is transport of oxygen to support the bioenergetic processes in the muscle cells (including, of course, the heart) and elimination of the carbon dioxide formed as a byproduct of exercise metabolism. Thus, appropriate cardiovascular and ven- tilatory responses are required to match those of muscle respiration in meeting the energy demands of exercise. As depicted by the logo on the book cover, normal exercise performance requires an efficient coupling of external to internal (cellular) respiration. Appropriate treatment of exercise intolerance requires that patients' symptoms be thought of in terms of a gas exchange defect between the cell and the environment. The defect may be in the lungs, heart, peripheral or pulmonary circulations, the muscles themselves, or there may be a combination of defects. Thus, we describe the pathophysiology in gas transport and exchange that affect any site in the cardio- respiratory coupling between the lungs and the muscles. We illustrate how cardiopulmonary exercise testing can provide the means for a critical evaluation by the clinician-scientist of the functional competency of each component in the coupling of cellular to external respiration, including the cardiovascular system. To achieve this, clinical cases are used to illustrate the wide spectrum of pathophysiology capable of causing exercise intolerance"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: