Download or read book Inflammation in the Intestinal Tract Pathogenesis and Treatment written by H. J. Buhr and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most common forms of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases, better known as IBD, are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Their treatment is often challenging due to severe symptoms particularly in young patients and the increasingly complex treatment modalities available. Recent research resulted in a better understanding of the genetic basis of IBD, its relationship with the intestinal microflora, and the role of epithelial cells and the mucosal immune system in its pathogenesis. Prompted by these findings, a general interpretation is emerging of IBD as a multifactorial disturbance of mucosal homeostasis leading to hyperresponsiveness of both the innate and the adaptive elements of the mucosal immune system. This in turn has also led to the development of more specific and effective therapeutic options. During the international Falk symposium held in Kiev in May 2009, a panel of internationally renowned basic and clinical scientists met to discuss various aspects of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases. This publication contains their papers and represents an in-depth review of current research and clinical management of IBD.

Download or read book Interventional Inflammatory Bowel Disease Endoscopic Management and Treatment of Complications written by Bo Shen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-16 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interventional Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Endoscopic Management and Treatment of Complications covers the preparation, principle, techniques, and damage control of complications in endoscopic therapy, providing the ultimate guidance in endoscopic management of IBD. With contributions from a panel of international leading experts in the field, perspectives are included from GI pathologists, GI radiologists, gastroenterologists, advanced endoscopists, IBD specialists and colorectal surgeons. Recommendations from experts are also included within each chapter. By bridging medical and surgical treatment modalities for IBD, this is the perfect reference for GI researchers, medical students, therapeutic GI endoscopists, IBD specialists, surgeons and advanced health care providers. Incorporates state-of-the-art of research in the area of therapeutic endoscopy in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Makes the connection between the understanding of the complex nature and disease course of IBD with corresponding advanced endoscopic procedures Explores endoscopic treatment as the missing link between medical and surgical treatment for complex Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Contains access to videos demonstrating important procedural concepts

Download or read book Intestinal Inflammation Implications for Therapeutic Interventions in Ibd written by Daisy Ross and published by . This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammatory bowel disease refers to diseases which involve the chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. There are primarily two types of inflammatory bowel diseases, namely, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis involves long-lasting inflammation in the innermost lining of the large intestine. Crohn's disease is characterized by the inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract. Some of the symptoms which accompany these diseases are severe diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue and abdominal pain. It is caused by immune malfunction. An abnormal immune response can lead to the immune system attacking the cells in the digestive tract. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of inflammatory bowel disease. It elucidates the concepts and innovative models around therapeutic interventions with respect to this disease. This book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Download or read book Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease written by Richard Kozarek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book conjoins the latest advances on the use of endoscopy to diagnose, monitor, and treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Chapters include the historical use of rigid sigmoidoscopy, non-interventional imaging procedures, and the correlation of pathology and endoscopic visualization. This is the first book to include individual chapters in gastroenterology, colorectal surgery, and IBD texts, the preeminent role of endoscopic imaging in the management of chronic ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. It also includes chapters on capsule endoscopy and balloon and overtube-assisted enteroscopy to define the presence and activity of Crohn's enteritis and additional chapters defining the use of random biopsies versus chromoendoscopy, and computer enhanced imaging to define possible dysplasia development. The book also includes access to online videos, making it the ultimate verbal and visual tool for all medical professionals interested in the advances in the field over the last several decades. Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a concise text that is of great value to practicing endoscopists, gastroenterologists, general or colorectal surgeons, physicians in training, and all medical professionals caring for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Download or read book Colonic Motility written by Sushil K. Sarna and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.

Download or read book Surgical Pathology of Non neoplastic Gastrointestinal Diseases written by Lizhi Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the entire spectrum of non-neoplastic diseases within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including new entities, recent developments, and questions that arise in the practice of GI pathology. The text is organized by specific organ site, with related disorders of each organ site subgrouped into several chapters based on their common features. Pathologists can quickly find the disorders they are interested and review similar disorders in the same chapter to help them make a correct diagnosis. Each major and common entity is described in detail with its definition, clinical features, pathological features (covering both the gross and microscopic details), differential diagnosis and treatment/prognosis. All chapters also highlight the use of special/immunohistochemical stains and other supporting studies as needed with a focus on providing a practical differential diagnosis rather than just a list of potential associations. This book is extensively illustrated with both gross and microscopic images that act as an integral part of the information provided in the text. Written by practicing GI/liver pathologists and gastroenterologists from the Mayo Clinic, Surgical Pathology of Non-neoplastic Gastrointestinal Diseases serves as a comprehensive yet practical guide for diagnostic surgical pathologists with a passion for GI pathology.

Download or read book Non neoplastic Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract written by Roger Feakins and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Prior to the development of the first fibre-optic endoscopes in the 1960's, gastroenterology, in common with other traditional medical specialties, relied on biochemical and radiological techniques in order to investigate the gastrointestinal tract. Histological confirmation of a disease process usually required the presence of a surgeon, was invasive, and carried inherent risks. Because of a rapid improvement in technology, we are now able to sample the entire gastrointestinal tract from the mouth and anus through to the ileal / jejunal junction"--

Download or read book Bacterial epithelial interaction in intestinal inflammation written by Lina Yakymenko Alkaissi and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intestine is constantly exposed to bacteria, invading viruses and ingested food. The intestinal barrier serves as a gate preventing passage of harmful components, and at the same time maintaining absorption of nutrients and water. There are over 300 different bacteria species in the human gastrointestinal tract (GI) comprising over 10 times as many cells as the human body. These bacteria are both of commensal and pathogenic strains in which commensal bacteria and antimicrobial peptides have an important role of controlling the intestinal colonization. The intestinal flora is sampled by the membranous cells (M cells) that are present in the follicle associated epithelium (FAE). Antigens encounter immune cells found in Peyer’s patches located in the distal ileum with FAE overlaying them. Due to environmental factors, genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation or dysbiosis the balance can be shifted which, in turn, will lead to the defect in the barrier function, leading to the development of disorders such as Crohn’s disease (CD). CD is a chronic inflammation in the GI tract, often originating in the distal ileum in FAE and associated with an increased number of adherent invasive strains of bacteria. Specifically adherent invasive E.coli (AIEC) that have been isolated from the ileum and colon of CD patients. The aim of the present thesis was to study bacterial epithelial interaction during inflammation in in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models. In the first project we found that that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FP), possess anti-inflammatory properties in the ileum of an in vivo DSS induced colitis mouse model. In the second project, we discovered that infliximab, known to have anti-inflammatory effects by binding soluble TNF and blocking TNF receptors, reduces bacterial transcytosis across colonic biopsies of CD patients and decreases transcytosis and internalization in cell monolayers in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrated that HM427 bacteria, isolated from colonic mucosa of CD patients, uses lipid raft formations to penetrate the barrier under the influence of TNF in an in vitro model. In project three, we demonstrated that LF82 bacteria, which is an adherent invasive strain of E.coli that has been isolated from the ileum of CD patients, exploits FAE of CD patients and non-IBD control patients to penetrate the barrier via the CEACAM6 receptor and long polar fimbriae. We further demonstrated that there is an increased expression of CEACM6 receptor in the FAE of CD patients, which leads to increased transcytosis of LF82 compared to non-IBD control group. In project four, our results suggested that human ?-defensin 5 significantly decreases the passage of LF82 bacteria in an in vitro and ex vivo models. Moreover, we demonstrated that CD patients have a lower expression of human ?-defensin 5 in the crypts compared to the non-IBD control patients. Taken together, our findings have given a novel insight into the etiology of CD and into the mechanisms involved in bacterial-epithelial interaction in CD.

Download or read book Clinical Update on Inflammatory Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract written by Julia Mayerle and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digestive-disease-associated mortality accounts for a major part of all deaths in Western societies and inflammatory diseases such as GI infections, viral hepatitis, GERD or cancers due to chronic inflammation have a tangible economic and social impact. What further aggravates the situation is the fact that complex immunological disorders have surfaced where anti-infective treatments are not effective. Fortunately, due to breakthroughs in basic research that are being successfully translated into clinical practice, new treatment strategies are constantly evolving. In addition to the development of new therapeutic measures, however, it is also mandatory to review and periodically refine established treatment regimens to reflect current knowledge and ensure up-to-date medical care.Combining outstanding basic research reviews with cutting-edge treatment guidelines on inflammatory disorders of the GI tract, this book presents newly identified treatment targets and provides clinicians and practitioners in the field with a most useful account of the state of the art.

Download or read book Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2018 2021 written by Juerg Hodler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book deals with imaging of the abdomen and pelvis, an area that has seen considerable advances over the past several years, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The respective chapters, written by internationally respected experts in their fields, focus on imaging diagnosis and interventional therapies in abdominal and pelvic disease; they cover all relevant imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. As such, the book offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. It will be of interest to general radiologists, radiology residents, interventional radiologists, and clinicians from other specialties who want to update their knowledge in this area.

Download or read book Crohn s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis written by Daniel C. Baumgart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition is a unique combined resource for physicians and scientists addressing the needs of both groups. In addition to stimulating exchange and collaboration and shortening the path between discovery and application of new knowledge, the book helps clinicians understand new therapeutic concepts from their origins. The volume serves as a comprehensive guide to the current diagnostic modalities, including enhanced imaging techniques such as MRI and CT enterography, virtual colonoscopy, ultrasound, and endomicroscopy, as well as conventional and complex immunomodulatory principles. The latest edition also includes revised chapters from the previous edition, as well as new chapters reflecting current developments in the field. Written by experts in their field, Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: From Epidemiology and Immunobiology to a Rational Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach, Second Edition is of great value to gastroenterologists, surgeons, internists, pediatricians and gynecologists trainees, as well as all those involved in Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and related autoimmune disorders.

Download or read book Inflammatory Bowel Disease written by Stephan R. Targan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-16 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside is a detailed and comprehensive story of the local and systemic pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation including management strategies. Research advances and current concepts of etiopathogenesis in the context of what is already known of the clinicopathologic features of these disorders is explored. This volume blends recent advances in the basic and clinical sciences as they relate to inflammatory bowel disease and emphasizes the effectiveness of a team approach of basic scientists and clinician investigators in this field.

Download or read book Adherence and Self Management in Pediatric Populations written by Avani C. Modi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adherence and Self-Management in Pediatric Populations addresses the contemporary theories, evidence-based assessments, and intervention approaches for common pediatric chronic illnesses. An introductory chapter summarizes the state of the field and provides a general foundation in adherence and self-management. Subsequent chapters focus on specific diseases, ensuring that the scope of knowledge contained therein is current and thorough, especially as the assessments and interventions can be specific to each disease. Case examples are included within each chapter to illustrate the application of these approaches. The book ends with an emerging areas chapter to illuminate the future of adherence science and clinical work. This book will be extremely helpful to professionals beginning to treat youth with suboptimal adherence or for those who conduct adherence research. Experts in the field will benefit from the synthesized literature to aid in clinical decision-making and advancing adherence science. Organized by disease for quick reference Provides case examples to illustrate concepts Incorporates technology-focused measurement and intervention approaches (mobile and electronic health) throughout

Download or read book Pharmacology of Immunotherapeutic Drugs written by Clinton B. Mathias and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-18 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicine has entered a golden age in which therapeutic agents are becoming widely available due to advances in basic science and technology. As such, many drugs have been developed that target inflammatory processes and/or the immune system. This book is intended for health professionals examining the modulation of inflammation by immunotherapeutic drugs. The immune system fills the primordial role of host defense and resistance to infections with pathogenic microorganisms. Several hematopoietic-derived cells constituting the innate and adaptive immune systems cooperate to provide barriers for microbial colonization and/or promote pathogen destruction within the host. Conversely, many immune cells are also involved in the pathogenesis and propagation of chronic inflammatory diseases. The beginning of this book details various components of the immune system including the cell types, lymphoid tissues, soluble cytokines and surface molecules that are essential for host defense. Breakdowns in immune tolerance, or dysregulated immune responses to antigens derived from self tissues or innocuous sources, can lead to the development of autoimmunity or chronic inflammatory diseases. Pathophysiologic roles for the immune system are detailed in corresponding chapters on autoimmunity, epithelial surfaces (lungs, skin, intestine), and transplantation, with special emphasis placed on immunotherapeutic drug targets. The last section of the book focuses on treatments that stimulate our immune system to specifically target and fight infectious diseases and cancer. In each chapter, the medications used to treat various diseases/conditions in terms of their mechanism of action and other pharmacologic properties are detailed. Chapters begin with a table showing drug names and classifications. The importance of basic science and clinical trials cannot be understated in the context of drug development. As such, the discovery of certain medications that had a lasting impact in medicine and pharmacy are highlighted in chapter subsections named “Bench to Bedside.” Several clinical applications of immunotherapeutic drugs are described within end-of -chapter case studies including practice questions. The Pharmacology of Immunotherapeutic Drugs is a reference for immunologists and clinicians (medical doctors, pharmacists, nurses) examining the modulation of inflammatory processes by a variety of medications targeting the cells and mediators of our immune system.​

Download or read book Colitis written by Karel Geboes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise book explains how to analyze endoscopic mucosal biopsies of the colon obtained for diagnosis and follow up of colitis in general and inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and microscopic colitis) in particular. This is achieved by the presentation of basic lesions in multiple drawings together with an explanatory text and microscopic photographs. The description is completed by a review of various differential diagnostic issues and types of colitis. Colitis: A Practical Approach to Colon Biopsy Interpretation is aimed at general pathologists and pathologists in training and also gastroenterologists to help them understand how a precise diagnosis can be reached.

Download or read book The Complex Interplay Between Gut Brain Gut Liver and Liver Brain Axes written by Cristina Stasi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Complex Interplay Between Gut–Brain, Gut–Liver, and Liver–Brain Axes provides current and wide-ranging information in the field of gastrointestinal, liver, and brain interactions that can be used in resolving important clinical issues. This book is systematically split into three distinct sections. The first section introduces the pathophysiology of the gut–brain connection, including the causative effect of the interactions between the gut and brain in gastrointestinal and psychiatric/neurological disorders, and the role of serotonin and its pathways in gastrointestinal disorders. The second section examines the pathophysiology of the gut–liver connection along with the interactions between gut microbiota and liver in chronic liver diseases, with special focus on the role of serotonin and its pathways in hepatic fibrogenesis. Finally, the third section describes the pathophysiology of the liver–brain connection, including the role of gut microbiota in hepatic encephalopathy, as well as dietary and therapeutic interventions that target the gut microbiome. Provides current and wide-ranging knowledge in the field of gastrointestinal, liver, and brain interactions Resolves important clinical issues concerning gut, liver, and brain interactions Demonstrates advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal and liver diseases

Download or read book Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease written by Robert Wyllie and published by Saunders. This book was released on 1999 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here's the revised and updated 2nd Edition of this comprehensive review. Incorporates recent gains in scientific information, diagnostic and therapeutic instruments, and pharmacology as they apply to pediatric gastroenterology. Thoroughly discusses basic science, providing a comprehensive review of basic gastrointestinal physiology, and includes a section on clinical signs and symptoms. Provides coverage of disease by organ system for easy access, and features current coverage of gastrointestinal procedures. This edition presents extensive coverage of liver disease in children.