Download or read book Goal Directed Decision Making written by Richard W. Morris and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goal-Directed Decision Making: Computations and Neural Circuits examines the role of goal-directed choice. It begins with an examination of the computations performed by associated circuits, but then moves on to in-depth examinations on how goal-directed learning interacts with other forms of choice and response selection. This is the only book that embraces the multidisciplinary nature of this area of decision-making, integrating our knowledge of goal-directed decision-making from basic, computational, clinical, and ethology research into a single resource that is invaluable for neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists alike. The book presents discussions on the broader field of decision-making and how it has expanded to incorporate ideas related to flexible behaviors, such as cognitive control, economic choice, and Bayesian inference, as well as the influences that motivation, context and cues have on behavior and decision-making. - Details the neural circuits functionally involved in goal-directed decision-making and the computations these circuits perform - Discusses changes in goal-directed decision-making spurred by development and disorders, and within real-world applications, including social contexts and addiction - Synthesizes neuroscience, psychology and computer science research to offer a unique perspective on the central and emerging issues in goal-directed decision-making
Download or read book Reasoning Inference and Judgment in Clinical Psychology written by Dennis C. Turk and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the practice of clinical psychology, professionals rely largely upon knowledge gained from experience, intuition, and the ability to reason soundly from available information. Yet clinicians are, by nature, flawed information processors- personal memories, feelings, and assumptions continually color and shape interpersonal communication. Clinicians are further influenced by theoretical preconceptions that often lead them to make judgements concerning clients even before meeting them. In order to provide effective, appropriate treatment, clinicians must recognize and then strive to overcome these biases that affect the clinical process. In this volume, the authors examine the process and outcomes of reasoning and inference in clinical psychology.-- Book Jacket.
Download or read book Decision Making for Educational Leaders written by Bob L. Johnson Jr. and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to decision making for school administrators.
Download or read book Active Inference written by Thomas Parr and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior—a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a “first principles” approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning.
Download or read book Crowd Dynamics Volume 4 written by Nicola Bellomo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-13 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume explores innovative research in the modeling, simulation, and control of crowd dynamics. Chapter authors approach the topic from the perspectives of mathematics, physics, engineering, and psychology, providing a comprehensive overview of the work carried out in this challenging interdisciplinary research field. The volume begins with an overview of analytical problems related to crowd modeling. Attention is then given to the importance of considering the social and psychological factors that influence crowd behavior – such as emotions, communication, and decision-making processes – in order to create reliable models. Finally, specific features of crowd behavior are explored, including single-file traffic, passenger movement, modeling multiple groups in crowds, and the interplay between crowd dynamics and the spread of disease. Crowd Dynamics, Volume 4 is ideal for mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and other researchers working in the rapidly growing field of modeling and simulation of human crowds.
Download or read book Research in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuzzy Techniques for Decision Making written by José Carlos R. Alcantud and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Fuzzy Techniques for Decision Making" that was published in Symmetry
Download or read book Resources in education written by and published by . This book was released on 1983-02 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design Computing and Cognition 22 written by John S Gero and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-04 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports research and development that represent the state of the art in artificial intelligence in design, design cognition, design neurocognition, and design theories from the Tenth International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition held in Glasgow, UK, in 2022. The 48 chapters are grouped under the headings of natural language processing and design; design cognition; design neurocognition; learning and design; creative design and co-design; shape grammars; quantum computing; and human behavior. These contributions are of particular interest to design researchers and design educators, as well as to users of advanced computation and cognitive science. This book contains knowledge about the cognitive and neurocognitive behavior of designers, which is valuable to those who need to gain a better understanding of designing.
Download or read book Cognitive Biases in Visualizations written by Geoffrey Ellis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the latest research in this new and exciting area of visualization, looking at classifying and modelling cognitive biases, together with user studies which reveal their undesirable impact on human judgement, and demonstrating how visual analytic techniques can provide effective support for mitigating key biases. A comprehensive coverage of this very relevant topic is provided though this collection of extended papers from the successful DECISIVe workshop at IEEE VIS, together with an introduction to cognitive biases and an invited chapter from a leading expert in intelligence analysis. Cognitive Biases in Visualizations will be of interest to a wide audience from those studying cognitive biases to visualization designers and practitioners. It offers a choice of research frameworks, help with the design of user studies, and proposals for the effective measurement of biases. The impact of human visualization literacy, competence and human cognition on cognitive biases are also examined, as well as the notion of system-induced biases. The well referenced chapters provide an excellent starting point for gaining an awareness of the detrimental effect that some cognitive biases can have on users’ decision-making. Human behavior is complex and we are only just starting to unravel the processes involved and investigate ways in which the computer can assist, however the final section supports the prospect that visual analytics, in particular, can counter some of the more common cognitive errors, which have been proven to be so costly.
Download or read book A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods written by Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-10 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods demonstrates how to better understand decision outcomes by studying decision processes, through the introduction of a number of exciting techniques. Decades of research have identified numerous idiosyncrasies in human decision behavior, but some of the most recent advances in the scientific study of decision making involve the development of sophisticated methods for understanding decision process—known as process tracing. In this volume, leading experts discuss the application of these methods and focus on the best practices for using some of the more popular techniques, discussing how to incorporate them into formal decision models. This edition has been expanded and thoroughly updated throughout, and now includes new chapters on mouse tracking, protocol analysis, neurocognitive methods, the measurement of valuation, as well as an overview of important software packages. The volume not only surveys cutting-edge research to illustrate the great variety in process tracing techniques, but also serves as a tutorial for how the novice researcher might implement these methods. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods will be an essential read for all students and researchers of decision making.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Medical Decision Making written by Michael W. Kattan and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2009-08-18 with total page 1281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Medical Decision Making presents state-of-the-art research and ready-to-use facts sorting out findings on medical decision making and their applications.
Download or read book Chance Discoveries in Real World Decision Making written by Yukio Ohsawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this book, the editors invited contributions from indispensable research areas relevant to "chance discovery", which has been defined as the discovery of events significant for making a decision, and studied since 2000. The chapters contain contributions to identifying rare or hidden events and explaining their significance. The methods presented in this book are based on the interaction of human, machine, and humans’ living environment.
Download or read book Intelligent Decision making Support Systems written by Jatinder N.D. Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will be bought by researchers and graduates students in Artificial Intelligence and management as well as practising managers and consultants interested in the application of IT and information systems in real business environment.
Download or read book Arguing for a General Framework for Mass Media Scholarship written by W. James Potter and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Arguing for a General Framework for Mass Media Scholarship challenges scholars and students to consider and reconsider what we know about media and how we think about media. As such, the book provides an important framework for thinking about knowledge—regardless of the discipline... The text provides all of the necessary tools to move the field forward in a way that will increase the rigor of the work being done and augment the overall profile of the discipline." –Dana Mastro, University of Arizona In this groundbreaking book, W. James Potter presents an innovative perspective to media scholars and students who are frustrated with the fragmentation of research findings across so many journals, books, and fields. Arguing for a General Framework for Mass Media Scholarship presents a clear plan for a more efficient way to build knowledge about the mass media so that it can be better organized and made more useful. Key Features Conducts an in-depth analysis of mass media scholarship's four major facets of effects, content, audiences, and organizations Presents a significant shift in conceptualizing media effects and ways research can be conducted to generate more useful knowledge about media influence Develops "narrative line" as a tool to guide analyses about how content decisions are made by producers Synthesizes a system of explanation about why audiences attend to certain messages and how individuals construct meaning from those messages Incorporates an analysis of mass media organizations to provide greater context of understanding messages and their effects on individuals and macro units in society "The book will play an important role in providing structure to a broad, fragmented discipline. I believe it will, at the very least, create important dialogues about what we now know/understand about areas of mass media, and where we should move as a discipline... This book is clearly a 'call to arms' for mass media scholars to ratchet up the quality of research (and what we know), to see the interconnections within and among strands of scholarship, and to move forward in a more efficient, organized manner. Professor Potter should be commended for this." —Roger Cooper, Ohio University "This book is...that call to action that comes forward every few years, to wake us up and challenge our ways of doing things, not by being radical, but via synthesis... I've been waiting for several years for a book like this." —Sahara Byrne, Cornell University
Download or read book Taming Uncertainty written by Ralph Hertwig and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the cognitive tools that the mind uses to grapple with uncertainty in the real world. How do humans navigate uncertainty, continuously making near-effortless decisions and predictions even under conditions of imperfect knowledge, high complexity, and extreme time pressure? Taming Uncertainty argues that the human mind has developed tools to grapple with uncertainty. Unlike much previous scholarship in psychology and economics, this approach is rooted in what is known about what real minds can do. Rather than reducing the human response to uncertainty to an act of juggling probabilities, the authors propose that the human cognitive system has specific tools for dealing with different forms of uncertainty. They identify three types of tools: simple heuristics, tools for information search, and tools for harnessing the wisdom of others. This set of strategies for making predictions, inferences, and decisions constitute the mind's adaptive toolbox. The authors show how these three dimensions of human decision making are integrated and they argue that the toolbox, its cognitive foundation, and the environment are in constant flux and subject to developmental change. They demonstrate that each cognitive tool can be analyzed through the concept of ecological rationality—that is, the fit between specific tools and specific environments. Chapters deal with such specific instances of decision making as food choice architecture, intertemporal choice, financial uncertainty, pedestrian navigation, and adolescent behavior.
Download or read book Handbook of Cognition written by Koen Lamberts and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2005 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Cognition provides a definitive synthesis of the most up-to-date and advanced work in cognitive psychology in a single volume. The editors have gathered together a team of world-leading researchers in specialist areas of the field, both traditional and `hot' new areas, to present a benchmark - in terms of theoretical insight and advances in methodology - of the discipline. This book contains a thorough overview of the most significant and current research in cognitive psychology that will serve this academic community like no other volume.
