Download or read book Inerted Fuel Tank Oxygen Concentration Requirements written by Samuel V Zinn (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A literature search was conducted to investigate the extent of experimental work and studies that were performed for determining and evaluating safety parameters of jet fuels in aircraft tanks when using nitrogen as an inerting agent. The search revealed that extensive laboratory studies have been made during the past 30 years and that safety zones can be predicted over a wide range of conditions and environments. Except for some very early full-scale tests using aircraft fuel tanks by the Royal Aircraft Establishment, all the studies were made using laboratory equipment. As a conclusion from this search, it is considered that an oxygen content up to 9 percent in the effluent obtained by nitrogen inerting will produce an incombustible environment. (Author).
Download or read book Inerted Fuel Tank Oxygen Concentration Requirements Interim Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Aircraft Fuel Tank Explosions and Nitrogen Inerting Requirements During Ground Fires written by Richard Hill and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen inerting was investigated as a means of preventing or minimizing explosions and/or reactions in aircraft fuel tanks under simulated crash-fire conditions. Tests were conducted on both small and large volume tanks, inerted to various concentrations (expressed in terms of O2 concentration by volume), containing different amounts of Jet-A or JP-4 fuel and heated at different rates. Results of these tests indicated that internal fire or explosion would not result from external heating or internal high-energy spark when the tank was inerted to an oxygen concentration lower than 10 percent. (Author) Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Download or read book Onboard Inert Gas Generation System Onboard Oxygen Gas Generation System OBIGGS OBOGS Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Limiting Oxygen Concentration Required to Inert Jet Fuel Vapors Existing at Reduced Fuel Tank Pressures Final Phase written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Limiting Oxygen Concentration Required to Inert Jet Fuel Vapors Existing at Reduced Fuel Tank Pressures written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Fuel Slosh Upon the Effectiveness of Nitrogen Inerting for Aircraft Fuel Tanks written by Edwin E. Ott and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tests were conducted to determine the influence of sloshing fuel within an aircraft fuel tank upon the effectiveness of nitrogen inerting. These tests were performed in a closed combustion chamber partially filled with JP-8 fuel. The fuel was severely agitated by a rocking motion of the chamber. The flammability of the tank ullage at various concentrations of air, nitrogen, and fuel vapor was tested by exposure to an electric arc. The sloshing fuel did not alter the maximum concentration of oxygen that could be allowed for inerting of all fuel vapor concentrations. For JP-8 fuel vapor exposed to an electric arc this maximum allowable oxygen concentration was found to be 12% by volume. Slosh did extend the flammable region for oxygen concentrations greater than the maximum allowable for inerting. These conclusions, it is believed, are valid for any mode or level of fuel agitation that may be experienced by aircraft fuel tanks.
Download or read book Inert Gas Systems written by and published by IMO Publishing. This book was released on 1990 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains the text of guidelines for inert gas systems and relevant IMO documents on inert gas systems and supersedes the publication 860 83.15.E.
Download or read book The Effect of Fuel on an Inert Ullage in a Commercial Transport Airplane Fuel Tank written by William M. Cavage and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Federal Aviation Administration research has illustrated that fuel tank inerting could be practical in the commercial fleet for the protection of center wing or body style tanks. The effect of pressure differences on the release of dissolved oxygen in a fuel load on an inert fuel tank ullage was studied. A test article was constructed and experiments were conducted to quantify the potential increase in oxygen concentration in an adjacent inert ullage as a result of gases in fuel during sea level stimulation, as well as at reduced atmospheric pressure. This data was compared with flight test data in an attempt to gage the ability of laboratory tests and simple calculations to predict the resulting change in oxygen concentration of an inert commercial airplane fuel tank during a flight cycle.
Download or read book Onboard Inert Gas Generation System Onboard Oxygen Gas Generation System OBIGGS OBOGS Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers written by Stephen M Hall and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2012-07-27 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers, Fifth Edition, provides solutions, common sense techniques, shortcuts, and calculations to help chemical and process engineers deal with practical on-the-job problems. It discusses physical properties for proprietary materials, pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical sector heuristics, and process design, along with closed-loop heat transfer systems, heat exchangers, packed columns, and structured packings. Organized into 27 chapters, the book begins with an overview of formulae and data for sizing piping systems for incompressible and compressible flow. It then moves to a discussion of design recommendations for heat exchangers, practical equations for solving fractionation problems, along with design of reactive absorption processes. It also considers different types of pumps and presents narrative as well as tabular comparisons and application notes for various types of fans, blowers, and compressors. The book also walks the reader through the general rules of thumb for vessels, how cooling towers are sized based on parameters such as return temperature and supply temperature, and specifications of refrigeration systems. Other chapters focus on pneumatic conveying, blending and agitation, energy conservation, and process modeling. Online calculation tools, Excel workbooks, guidelines for hazardous materials and processes, and a searchable Rules of Thumb library are included. Chemical engineers faced with fluid flow problems will find this book extremely useful. - Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers brings together solutions, information and work-arounds that engineers in the process industry need to get their job done. - New material in the Fifth Edition includes physical properties for proprietary materials, six new chapters, including pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical sector heuristics, process design with simulation software, and guidelines for hazardous materials and processes - Now includes SI units throughout alongside imperial, and now accompanied by online calculation tools and a searchable Rules of Thumb library
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.
Download or read book The Effect of Fuel on an Inert Ullage in a Commercial Transport Airplane Fuel Tank written by William M. Cavage and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Federal Aviation Administration research has illustrated that fuel tank inerting could be practical in the commercial fleet for the protection of center wing or body style tanks. The effect of pressure differences on the release of dissolved oxygen in a fuel load on an inert fuel tank ullage was studied. A test article was constructed and experiments were conducted to quantify the potential increase in oxygen concentration in an adjacent inert ullage as a result of gases in fuel during sea level stimulation, as well as at reduced atmospheric pressure. This data was compared with flight test data in an attempt to gage the ability of laboratory tests and simple calculations to predict the resulting change in oxygen concentration of an inert commercial airplane fuel tank during a flight cycle.
Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations Title 14 Aeronautics and Space PT 1 59 Revised as of January 1 2010 written by Office of the Federal Register (U S ) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 1082 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive departments and agencies of the United States Federal Government.
Download or read book Rules and Regulations for Tank Vessels written by United States. Coast Guard and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Parts 30-40 of Title 46 of the Code of federal regulations." (varies)
Download or read book Molecular Sieve Inerting System for Aircraft Fuel Tank Part Number 3261021 0101 written by D. Hankins and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The elimination of fire and explosion hazards in aircraft fuel tanks has been investigated. DOD and FAA tests have shown that a reduction of the oxygen concentration in the ullage gas to under 12 percent will prevent rapid propagation of the flame front and subsequent overpressure explosion. One means of providing the required reduction in oxygen concentration is to provide a source of inert (nitrogen-rich) gas which would replace fuel used, and flush out atmospheric oxygen and dissolved oxygen which may be released from the fuel. Molecular sieve pressure swing adsorption technology could be used to generate inert (nitrogen-rich) gas. A Molecular Sieve Inert Gas Generator (MSIGG) was designed, fabricated, and delivered to the U.S. Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio where it will undergo extensive laboratory testing to establish the feasibility of using the molecular sieve pressure swing adsorption technology to provide fuel tank inerting protection for large fixed wing aircraft. In preliminary testing prior to delivery the developed system met performance goals and predictions. (Author).
