Download or read book Induced Technological Change with Applications to Modeling of Climate change Policies written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grant supported research on induced innovation in the energy sector and the implications of induced innovation for climate change and climate-change policy. The first part of the research investigated the impact of energy prices on inventive activity focusing on the energy sector. The purpose was to improve our understanding of the determinants of inventive activity and to examine a number of hypotheses and specifications of the relationship. The second part incorporated the theoretical specifications and empirical results of the first part into the DICE integrated assessment models of climate change. This resulted in a revised model, known as the ''R & DICE model, '' and the major results are forthcoming in Grubler, Nakicenovic, and Nordhaus (GNN), ''Induced Technological Change and the Environment, Resources for the Future'', Washington, D.C., 2002, in a chapter entitled, ''Modeling Induced Innovation in Climate-Change Policy.''

Download or read book The Role of Technology in Climate Change Policy Modeling written by Nathan B. Callard and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technological Change and the Environment written by Arnulf Grübler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much is written in the popular literature about the current pace of technological change. But do we have enough scientific knowledge about the sources and management of innovation to properly inform policymaking in technology dependent domains such as energy and the environment? While it is agreed that technological change does not 'fall from heaven like autumn leaves,' the theory, data, and models are deficient. The specific mechanisms that govern the rate and direction of inventive activity, the drivers and scope for incremental improvements that occur during technology diffusion, and the spillover effects that cross-fertilize technological innovations remain poorly understood. In a work that will interest serious readers of history, policy, and economics, the editors and their distinguished contributors offer a unique, single volume overview of the theoretical and empirical work on technological change. Beginning with a survey of existing research, they provide analysis and case studies in contexts such as medicine, agriculture, and power generation, paying particular attention to what technological change means for efficiency, productivity, and reduced environmental impacts. The book includes a historical analysis of technological change, an examination of the overall direction of technological change, and general theories about the sources of change. The contributors empirically test hypotheses of induced innovation and theories of institutional innovation. They propose ways to model induced technological change and evaluate its impact, and they consider issues such as uncertainty in technology returns, technology crossover effects, and clustering. A copublication o Resources for the Future (RFF) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).

Download or read book Advancing the Modeling of Technological Change written by Benjamin Daniel Leibowicz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a strong consensus that the climate is changing, that human activities are the dominant cause of this change, and that continued climate change will have negative impacts on human societies. To analyze energy and climate policy remedies, researchers have developed a diverse collection of integrated assessment models (IAMs) that represent the linked energy, economic, and earth systems in an interdisciplinary framework. Some IAMs are cost-benefit models designed to compute optimal policy interventions, while others are cost-effectiveness models used to determine the technology pathways that enable an emissions or climate goal to be achieved at least cost. Although IAM representations of technological change are critical determinants of model outcomes, underlying processes are poorly understood and models typically feature fairly crude formulations. The goal of the three projects that constitute this dissertation is to develop more advanced representations of technological change that capture a wider range of endogenous drivers. Scenario analyses based on these representations reveal their implications for energy and climate policy, as well as technology transitions this century. Chapter 2 describes the development of a system of technology diffusion constraints that endogenously respects empirically observed spatial diffusion patterns. Technologies diffuse from an advanced core to less technologically adept regions, with adoption experiences in the former determining adoption possibilities in the latter. Endogenous diffusion constraints are incorporated into the MESSAGE framework and results suggest that IAMs based on standard exogenous diffusion formulations are overly optimistic about technology leapfrogging potential in developing countries. Findings also demonstrate that policies which stimulate initial deployment of low-carbon technologies in advanced economies can be justified from a global common goods perspective even if they fail the cost-benefit test domestically. In Chapter 3, learning-by-doing is formulated as a firm-level rather than an industry-level phenomenon. Wind and solar PV manufacturers strategically choose output levels in an oligopoly game with learning and inter-firm spillovers. This game-theoretic representation of renewable technology markets is coupled to MESSAGE so that the energy system planner can only invest in wind and solar PV capacity at the equilibrium prices the market would charge for the desired quantities. Findings illustrate that the most ambitious emissions reduction pathways include widespread solar PV diffusion, which only occurs if competitive markets and spillovers combine to reduce prices sufficiently. The relationship between price and cumulative capacity is similar to that between unit cost and cumulative capacity under competitive markets, but a combination of market power, strong climate policy, and weak spillovers can cause prices to rise with cumulative capacity even though unit costs decline. The bilevel modeling framework of Chapter 4 is built to determine the optimal combination of technology-push and demand-pull subsidies for a given technology policy application. Firms (inner agents) solve a two-stage stochastic profit maximization problem in which they choose process and product R & D investments in the first stage, then choose output levels in the second stage. The policymaker (outer agent) seeks to identify the combination of policies that induces the firms to reach an equilibrium with the highest possible expected welfare. Numerical simulation results show that technology policy can enhance welfare under a wide range of parameter settings. Spillovers reduce product R & D expenditures but generally improve welfare by making R & D more effective. Welfare decreases with competition in the no-policy case, but increases with competition if optimal technology policies can be imposed. Each of the three projects focuses on a distinct aspect of technological change, but the formulations developed for these studies reflect several important themes: endogenous mechanisms, multiple decision-making agents, game-theoretic interactions, market power, spillovers, regional heterogeneity, and uncertainty. While the research presented in this dissertation advances the modeling of technological change, a number of formidable challenges remain. The final chapter discusses some of these challenges and ideas for future research to address them.

Download or read book Representing Induced Technological Change in Models for Climate Policy Analysis written by Ian Sue Wing and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Induced technological change (ITC), whereby the relative price effects of reducing greenhouse gas emissions stimulate innovation that mitigates the cost of abatement, is both tantalizing to decision makers and challenging to represent in the computational economic and engineering models used to analyze climate change policy. This overview reconciles the divergent views of technology and technological change within different types of models, elucidates the theoretical underpinnings of ITC, introduces the reader to the techniques of their practical implementation, and evaluates the implications for models' results.

Download or read book Climate Change Mitigation Technological Innovation and Adaptation written by Valentine Bosetti and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents provides a rigorous yet accessible treatment of the main topics in climate change policy using a large body of research generated using WITCH (World Induced Technical Change Hybrid), an innovative and path-breaking integrated assessm

Download or read book Modeling Environment Improving Technological Innovations under Uncertainty written by Alexander Golub and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-12-08 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issues of technology and uncertainty are very much at the heart of the policy debate of how much to control greenhouse gas emissions. The costs of doing so are present and high while the benefits are very much in the future and, most importantly, they are highly uncertain. Whilst there is broad consensus on the key elements of climate change science and agreement that near-term actions are needed to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, there is little agreement on the costs and benefits of climate policy. The book looks at different ways of reconciling the needs for sustainability and equity with the costs of action now. Presenting a compendium of methodologies for evaluating the economic impact of technological innovation upon climate-change policy, this book describes mathematical models and their predictions. The goal is to provide a practitioner’s guide for doing the science of economics and climate change. Because the assumptions motivating different problems in the economics of climate change have different complexities, a number of models are presented with varying levels of difficulty: reduced-form and structural, partial- and general-equilibrium, closed-form and computational. A unifying theme of these models is the incorporation of a number of price and quantity instruments and an analysis of their respective efficacies. This book presents models that contain structural uncertainty, i.e., uncertainty that economic agents respond to via their risk attitudes. The novelty of this book is to relate the effects of risk and risk attitudes to environment-improving technological innovation.

Download or read book Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy written by Haris Doukas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book analyzes and seeks to consolidate the use of robust quantitative tools and qualitative methods for the design and assessment of energy and climate policies. In particular, it examines energy and climate policy performance and associated risks, as well as public acceptance and portfolio analysis in climate policy, and presents methods for evaluating the costs and benefits of flexible policy implementation as well as new framings for business and market actors. In turn, it discusses the development of alternative policy pathways and the identification of optimal switching points, drawing on concrete examples to do so. Lastly, it discusses climate change mitigation policies’ implications for the agricultural, food, building, transportation, service and manufacturing sectors.

Download or read book Endogenizing Technological Change written by William A. Pizer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given that technologies to significantly reduce fossil fuel emissions are currently unavailable or only available at high cost, technological change will be a key component of any long-term strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In light of this, the amount of research on the pace, direction, and benefits of environmentally-friendly technological change has grown dramatically in recent years. This research includes empirical work estimating the magnitude of these effects, and modeling exercises designed to simulate the importance of endogenous technological change in response to climate policy. Unfortunately, few attempts have been made to connect these two streams of research. This paper attempts to bridge that gap. We review both the empirical and modeling literature on technological change. Our focus includes the research and development process, learning by doing, the role of public versus private research, and technology diffusion. Our goal is to provide an agenda for how both empirical and modeling research in these areas can move forward in a complementary fashion. In doing so, we discuss both how models used for policy evaluation can better capture empirical phenomena, and how empirical research can better address the needs of models used for policy evaluation.

Download or read book Induced Technological Change and Climate Policy written by Lawrence Herbert Goulder and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

Download or read book Entice written by David Popp and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite growing empirical evidence of the link between environmental policy and innovation, most economic models of environmental policy treat technology as exogenous. For long-term problems such as climate change, this omission can be significant. In this paper, I modify the DICE model of climate change (Nordhaus 1994, Nordhaus and Boyer 2000) to allow for induced innovation in the energy sector. Ignoring induced technological change overstates the welfare costs of an optimal carbon tax policy by 8.3 percent. However, cost-savings, rather than increased environmental benefits, appear to drive the welfare gains, as the effect of induced innovation on emissions and mean global temperature is small. Sensitivity analysis shows that potential crowding out of other R&D and market failures in the R&D sector are the most important limiting factors to the potential of induced innovation. Differences in these key assumptions explain much of the variation in the findings of other similar models

Download or read book Climate Policies and Induced Technological Change written by Snorre Kverndokk and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the role of technology subsidies in climate policies, using a simple dynamic equilibrium model with learning-by-doing. The optimal subsidy rate of a carbon-free technology is high when the technology is first adopted, but falls significantly over the next decades. However, the efficiency costs of uniform instead of optimal subsidies, may be low if there are introduction or expansion constraints for a new technology. Finally, supporting existing energy technologies only, may lead to technology lock-in, and the impacts of lock-in increase with the learning potential of new technologies as well as the possibilities for early entry and thight carbon constraints.

Download or read book Induced Technical Change in Computable General Equilibrium Models for Climate change Policy Analysis written by Ian Sue Wing and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) The results elucidate four key features of ITC: (1) the inducement process, i.e., the mechanism by which relative prices determine the level and the composition of aggregate R & D; (2) the effects of changes in R & D on knowledge accumulation in the long-run, and of contemporaneous substitution of knowledge services within and among industries; (3) the loci of sectoral changes in intangible investment and knowledge inputs induced by emissions limits; and (4) the ultimate impact of the accumulation and substitution of knowledge on economic welfare.

Download or read book Modeling Technological Change in Climate Policy Analyses Special Issue written by John Houghton and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling Technological Change in Climate Policy Analyses written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling Technological Change in Climate Policy Analyses written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: