Download or read book Individual Teacher Incentives Student Achievement and Grade Inflation written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do teacher incentives affect student achievement? We contribute to this question by examining the effects of the recent introduction of teacher performance-related pay and tournaments in Portugalâs public schools. Specifically, we draw on matched student-school panel data covering the population of secondary school national exams over seven years. We then conduct a difference-in-differences analysis based on two complementary control groups: public schools in two autonomous regions that were exposed to lighter versions of the reform than in the rest of the country; and private schools, which are also subject to the same national exams but whose teachers were not affected by the reform. Our results consistently indicate that the increased focus on individual teacher performance caused a significant decline in student achievement, particularly in terms of national exams. The triple- difference results also document a significant increase in grade inflation. [Author abstract]

Download or read book Individual Teacher Incentives Student Achievement and Grade Inflation written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do teacher incentives affect student achievement? We contribute to this question by examining the effects of the recent introduction of teacher performance-related pay and tournaments in Portugalâs public schools. Specifically, we draw on matched student-school panel data covering the population of secondary school national exams over seven years. We then conduct a difference-in-differences analysis based on two complementary control groups: public schools in two autonomous regions that were exposed to lighter versions of the reform than in the rest of the country; and private schools, which are also subject to the same national exams but whose teachers were not affected by the reform. Our results consistently indicate that the increased focus on individual teacher performance caused a significant decline in student achievement, particularly in terms of national exams. The triple- difference results also document a significant increase in grade inflation. [Author abstract].

Download or read book Individual Teacher Incentives and Student Performance written by David N. Figlio and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is the first to systematically document the relationship between individual teacher performance incentives and student achievement using United States data. We combine data from the National Education Longitudinal Survey on schools, students, and their families with our own survey conducted in 2000 regarding the use of teacher incentives. This survey on teacher incentives has unique data on frequency and magnitude of merit raises and bonuses, teacher evaluation, and teacher termination. We find that test scores are higher in schools that offer individual financial incentives for good performance. Moreover, the estimated relationship between the presence of merit pay in teacher compensation and student test scores is strongest in schools that may have the least parental oversight. The association between teacher incentives and student performance could be due to better schools adopting teacher incentives or to teacher incentives eliciting more effort from teachers; it is impossible to rule out the former explanation with our cross sectional data.

Download or read book Performance Incentives written by Matthew G. Springer and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of pay for performance for public school teachers is growing in popularity and use, and it has resurged to once again occupy a central role in education policy. Performance Incentives: Their Growing Impact on American K-12 Education offers the most up-to-date and complete analysis of this promising—yet still controversial—policy innovation. Performance Incentives brings together an interdisciplinary team of experts, providing an unprecedented discussion and analysis of the pay-for-performance debate by • Identifying the potential strengths and weaknesses of tying pay to student outcomes; • Comparing different strategies for measuring teacher accomplishments; • Addressing key conceptual and implemen - tation issues; • Describing what teachers themselves think of merit pay; • Examining recent examples in Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, and Texas; • Studying the overall impact on student achievement.

Download or read book Individual Teacher Incentives and Student Performance Working Paper 8 written by David N. Figlio and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is the first to systematically document the relationship between individual teacher performance incentives and student achievement using United States data. We combine data from the National Education Longitudinal Survey on schools, students, and their families with our own survey conducted in 2000 regarding the use of teacher incentives. This survey on teacher incentives has unique data on frequency and magnitude of merit raises and bonuses, teacher evaluation, and teacher termination. We find that test scores are higher in schools that offer individual financial incentives for good performance. Moreover, the estimated relationship between the presence of merit pay in teacher compensation and student test scores is strongest in schools that may have the least parental oversight. The association between teacher incentives and student performance could be due to better schools adopting teacher incentives or to teacher incentives eliciting more effort from teachers; it is impossible to rule out the former explanation with our cross-sectional data. (Contains 6 tables and 3 footnotes.) [This report was supported by the Warrington College of Business Administration.].

Download or read book A Straightforward Guide to Teacher Merit Pay written by Gary W. Ritter and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is your school system considering teacher merit pay? Now is the time to understand the potential benefits and pitfalls of performance-based teacher pay, as well as how today's most successful programs were developed. Drawing on substantial research with school districts, Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett provide a step-by-step approach to setting up a merit pay system in your school district. Readers will find, An overview of existing merit pay programs and their strengths and weaknesses, A review of the 12 most common myths about merit pay and how school leaders can respond, Six guiding principles for designing a merit pay program, along with how-to's and timelines for every phase, Guidance on creating balanced assessments based on multiple measures of teacher effectiveness, developed in collaboration with teachers, Ensure that-your district's merit pay program supports teachers' professional growth, schoolwide progress, and student achievement. Book jacket.

Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Education written by Stephen J. Machin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 707 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from leading researchers, this handbook presents an accurate, self-contained survey of the current state of the economics of education. It summarises the most recent discussions in journals and elucidates new developments.

Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Education written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-11-02 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of the Economics of Education, Volume Seven describes the research frontier in key topical areas and sets the agenda for further work. Sections in this new release include Methods for Measuring School Effectiveness, Teacher Evaluation and Training, U.S. School Finance: Resources and Outcomes, College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions, Firm Training, Multidimensional Human Capital and the Wage Structure, and more. By bringing together some of the world's leading scholars, this volume provides a unique view of scholarship in the area. The international perspectives of the editors – Hanushek at Stanford, Machin at LSE, and Woessmann at Munich – leads to a volume with something for all researchers. Topics range from the economics of early childhood education to inequality in society to cash transfers in developing countries. - Identifies and evaluates the state-of-the-art - Includes clear descriptions of the meaning of existing research and the most likely avenues for the future - Provides insights into how policy interventions in education can help or hurt human capital outcomes

Download or read book Getting Teacher Evaluation Right written by Linda Darling-Hammond and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teacher evaluation systems are being overhauled by states and districts across the United States. And, while intentions are admirable, the result for many new systems is that goodoften excellentteachers are lost in the process. In the end, students are the losers. In her new book, Linda Darling-Hammond makes a compelling case for a research-based approach to teacher evaluation that supports collaborative models of teacher planning and learning. She outlines the most current research informing evaluation of teaching practice that incorporates evidence of what teachers do and what their students learn. In addition, she examines the harmful consequences of using any single student test as a basis for evaluating individual teachers. Finally, Darling-Hammond offers a vision of teacher evaluation as part of a teaching and learning system that supports continuous improvement, both for individual teachers and for the profession as a whole.

Download or read book EFA Global Monitoring Report 2013 2014 Teaching and Learning Achieving quality for all written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2013/2014 Education for All Global Monitoring Report shows that a lack of attention to education quality and a failure to reach the marginalized have contributed to a learning crisis that needs urgent attention. Worldwide, 250 million children many of them from disadvantaged backgrounds are not learning the basics. Teaching and Learning: Achieving Quality for All describes how policy-makers can support and sustain a quality education system for all children, regardless of background, by providing the best teachers. The Report also documents global progress in achieving Education for All goals and provides lessons for setting a new education agenda post-2015. In addition, the Report identifies that insufficient financing is hindering advances in education.

Download or read book Performance Based Pay for Educators written by Jennifer King Rice and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth analysis of a performance-based pay initiative and crystalizes the design issues and implementation challenges that confounded efforts to translate this promising policy into practice. This story has much to say to academics and policymakers who are trying to figure out the combinations of incentives and the full range of resources required to establish incentive programs that promote an adequate supply and equitable distribution of capable and committed educators for our public schools. The book uncovers the conditions that appear to be necessary, if not fully sufficient, for performance-based initiatives to have a chance to realize their ambitious aims and the research that is required to guide policy development. In so doing, the authors consider the thorny question of whether performance-based pay systems for educators are worth the investment. Book Features: Examines the use of educator compensation reform as a tool to improve human capital in chronically low-performing schools. Analyzes how a theoretically promising incentive program actually plays out in schools. Documents policy implementation and its impacts through the experiences and voices of teachers and school administrators. Concludes with clear and actionable recommendations for policy and research.

Download or read book When Does Teacher Incentive Pay Raise Student Achievement written by Aaron Sojourner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teachers vary widely in their ability to produce student achievement gains (Hanushek 1971, Hanushek and Rivkin 2010) but this ability is not predicted by educational degrees or experience beyond the first few years of a teacher's career (Hanushek 2003, Aaronson et al 2007). This has large economic consequences (Chetty et al 2010, Hanushek 2010), which motivates policy and research interest in pay for performance (P4P). Advocates of P4P believe that tying teacher compensation to performance will support increased efforts from incumbent teachers and attract better potential teachers to the profession (Lazear 2003). Many school districts and states are experimenting with P4P plans, which set compensation criteria beyond the conventional ones: experience and education. This report provides new evidence on several issues of theoretical importance related to P4P contracts in education. For instance, it is not clear what the optimal team size for targeting bonuses should be. On one hand, incentives tied to school-level criteria may encourage efficient effort if there are positive externalities from cooperation (Weitzman and Kruse 1990) or variations in incentive strength across teachers (Ahn 2008). On the other hand, free riding may make individual or small team incentives preferable (Kandel and Lazear 1992). Since Q-Comp districts adopted a wide range of P4P contracts, the authors are able to investigate whether incentives offered at lower levels of aggregation (such as the individual teacher or grade) are more or less productive than those offered at higher levels of aggregation (such as the school or district level). There are also important theoretical questions about how to measure teacher quality and performance. Measures based on principal or peer subjective evaluations have received some attention in the literature, especially since principals seem able to identify the best and worst teachers (Jacob and Lefgren 2008). However, high-stakes subjective evaluation processes may be captured and converted into de facto salary augmentations (Neal 2011). Minnesota's Q-comp offers a valuable opportunity to examine if a high-stakes P4P plan based on subjective evaluations affects educational outcomes. The experience in Minnesota adds to the authors' understanding of locally-designed P4P plans. The grantor-grantee relationship between education authorities and districts has advantages because it allows use of local information and experimentation in finding appropriate, feasible designs. The authors' findings suggest that if a granting authority proposes a range of reforms and allows districts to design plans locally, many districts (in cooperation with local teachers' unions) will design plans that base rewards largely on subjective evaluations and this does not seem to benefit student achievement. On the other hand, some districts (in cooperation with their local teachers' unions) will weight rewards to more specific teacher-centered criteria and this appears beneficial for achievement. The fact that, despite large gains in some areas of the program, Minnesota spent $200 million to get a net effect of zero also points out risks associated with too much local control over the plans. Some plans will operate to extract rents from the state more than to improve education. State and federal governments can, however, use the experiences of early adopters, such as Minnesota, to chose more appropriate program guidelines. (Contains 16 tables and 1 figure.).

Download or read book Teacher Performance Incentives and Student Outcomes written by Randall W. Eberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the evidence on the effectiveness of individual merit pay systems for teachers on student achievement, and it presents new empirical results based on a system established within a collective bargaining environment. While many merit pay systems have been established in school districts across the U.S., very little empirical evidence concerning their influence on student achievement exists. A natural experiment arose in a county in which one high school piloted a merit pay system that rewarded student retention and student evaluations of teachers while another comparable high school maintained a traditional compensation system. A difference-in-differences analysis implies that this system had no effect on grade point averages, reduced the percentage of students who dropped out of courses, reduced average daily attendance, and increased the percentage of students who failed. The outcomes of this merit pay system illustrate the difficulty of instituting such a compensation system in schools. The goal of the system was to increase student retention. A student was considered to be retained in a class if the student was present during a randomly selected day of the last week of classes. The system "worked" by this measure because the school experienced a significant reduction in course noncompleters. However, it is not clear that this measure was correlated with student achievement or even average attendance, and, indeed, neither of these outcomes were improved.

Download or read book Using Data to Improve Student Learning written by Graham S. Maxwell and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a coherent research-based overview and analysis of theories and practices in using data to improve student learning. It clarifies what 'use of data' means and differentiates the different levels of decision-making in education (relating to the system, district, school, classroom, or individual student). The relationship between data and decision-making is considered and various movements in the use of data to improve student learning are analysed, especially from the perspective of their assumptions and effects. This leads to a focus on effective educational decision-making as a social process requiring collaboration among all relevant participants. It also requires a clear understanding of educational aims, and these are seen to transcend what can be assessed by standardised tests. The consequences of this analysis for decision processes are explored and conclusions are drawn about what principles might best guide educational practice as well as what ambiguities remain. Throughout, the focus is on what existing research says about each of the issues explored.

Download or read book All Systems Go written by Michael Fullan and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2010-02-03 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Michael Fullan has once again hit the ball out of the park—a grand slam. All those interested in whole system education reform will want to read this book from cover to cover." —Sir Michael Barber, Former Head of Tony Blair′s Delivery Unit Author of Instruction to Deliver "All Systems Go is exactly what we need at this crucial time. Fullan boldly challenges politicians and professionals to unite for the good of our society. And best of all, he shows them how to do it." —Avis Glaze, President, Edu-quest International Inc. Former Chief Student Officer of Ontario, Canada A powerful approach to sustainable school system change that involves all stakeholders! Changing whole education systems for the better, as measured by student achievement, requires coordinated leadership at the school, community, district, and government levels. Based on Michael Fullan′s work with school districts and large systems in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada, this resource lays out a comprehensive action plan for achieving whole system reform. System-wide reform becomes possible when educational leaders build collective capacity and where individual teachers, schools, and districts are committed to working together to increase their effectiveness, rather than competing against one another. This book examines: Successful reform initiatives in the United States and abroad Actions and conditions that have ensured traction and sustainability Ways to avoid common errors in action, funding, and policy New reforms at the national level that can impact learning right now All Systems Go shows educators what must be done to strip away distractions and move an entire system forward.

Download or read book Teacher Pay for Performance written by Matthew G. Springer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Achievement Effects of Individual Performance Incentives in a Teacher Merit Pay Tournament written by Margaret Brehm and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the effect of the individual incentives teachers face in a teacher-based value-added merit pay tournament on student achievement. We first build an illustrative model in which teachers use proximity to an award threshold to update their information about their own ability, which informs their expected marginal return to effort. The model predicts that those who are closer to an award cutoff in a given year will increase effort and thus will have higher achievement gains in the subsequent year. However, if value-added scores are too noisy, teachers will not respond. Using administrative teacher-student linked data, we test this prediction employing a method akin to the bunching estimator of Saez (2010). Specifically, we examine whether teachers who are proximal to a cutoff in one year exhibit excess gains in test score growth in the next year. Our results show consistent evidence that teachers do not respond to the incentives they face under this program. In line with our model, we argue that a likely reason for the lack of responsiveness is that the value-added measures used to determine awards were too noisy to provide informative feedback about one's ability. This highlights the importance of value-added precision in the design of incentive pay systems.