Download or read book Income Uncertainty and Consumption Growth written by James Banks and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Income Uncertainty and Consumption Growth written by James Banks and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Consumption Growth Income Growth and Earnings Uncertainty written by Joon-Ho Hahm and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Household Income Uncertainties Over Three Decades written by James Feigenbaum and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies the trend in household income uncertainty using a novel approach that measures income uncertainty as the variance of forecast errors at each future horizon separately without imposing parametric restrictions on the underlying income shocks. Household income uncertainty has risen significantly and persistently since the early 1970s. Their measure of near-future uncertainty in total family non-capital income rose 40% between 1971 and 2002. This rising uncertainty is likely due to the increase in variances of both persistent and transitory income shocks. The increase was most pronounced among single-earner households and high-income households. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Consumption Adjustment Under Changing Income Uncertainty written by Joon-Ho Hahm and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Consumption written by Tullio Jappelli and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumption decisions are crucial determinants of business cycles and growth. Knowledge of how consumers respond to the economic environment and how they react to the risks that they encounter during the life-cycle is therefore important for evaluating stabilization policies and the effectiveness of fiscal packages implemented in response to economic downturns or financial crises. In The Economics of Consumption, Tullio Jappelli and Luigi Pistaferri provide a comprehensive examination of the most important developments in the field of consumption decisions and evaluate economic models against empirical evidence. The first part of the book provides the basic ingredients of economic models of consumption decisions. The central part reviews the empirical literature on the effect of income and wealth changes on consumption and on the relevance of precautionary saving and credit market imperfections. The last chapters extend the basic framework to such important areas as bequests, leisure, lifetime uncertainty, and financial sophistication. Jappelli and Pistaferri shed light on important issues, including how consumption responds to changes in economic resources, how economic circumstances and consumers' characteristics influence behavior, and whether consumption inequality depends on income shocks and their persistence.
Download or read book After the Crisis written by Ms.Franziska Ohnsorge and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate consumption dynamics in the G-7 economies, paying particular attention to the possibility of precautionary behavior in the face of uncertainty. We find that in the short run, continued income uncertainty will significantly dampen consumption growth. As such, consumption in the G-7 economies is unlikely to be the engine that revives global growth. Differences in the pace and timing of consumption moderation have implications for the evolution of global imbalances. With the U.S. experiencing a sharper rise in unemployment and, perhaps, more widespread loss of financial wealth than elsewhere in the G-7, the relative rise of the U.S. savings rate is helping narrow global imbalances. But with a likely earlier recovery in the U.S., this narrowing could be short-lived. Moreover, long-term differences- in economic and financial volatility and in demographic structures-have been an important source of the imbalances and could soon reassert their prominence.
Download or read book National Saving and Economic Performance written by B. Douglas Bernheim and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1991-05 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "... Papers presented at a conference held at the Stouffer Wailea Hotel, Maui, Hawaii, January 6-7, 1989. ... part of the Research on Taxation program of the National Bureau of Economic Research." -- p. ix.
Download or read book Consumption Inequality and Income Uncertainty written by Richard Blundell and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Income Uncertainty and Household Savings in China written by Mr.Marcos Chamon and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s household saving rate has increased markedly since the mid-1990s and the age-savings profile has become U-shaped. We find that rising income uncertainty and pension reforms help explain both of these phenomena. Using a panel of Chinese households covering the period 1989-2006, we document that strong average income growth has been accompanied by a substantial increase in income uncertainty. Interestingly, the permanent variance of household income remains stable while it is the transitory variance that rises sharply. A calibration of a buffer-stock savings model indicates that rising savings rates among younger households are consistent with rising income uncertainty and higher saving rates among older households are consistent with a decline in the pension replacement ratio for those retiring after 1997. We conclude that rising income uncertainty and pension reforms can account for over half of the increase in the urban household savings rate in China since the mid-1990s as well as the U-shaped age-profile of savings.
Download or read book Household Saving and Income Uncertainty Empirical Evidence and Implications for Monetary Policy written by Kersten Kevin Stamm and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most households in the US do not own interest bearing assets, a direct contradiction of the common representative agent assumption of New Keynesian models. Using the Survey of Consumer Finances, I document precautionary saving in the economy with a new measure, checking account balance to income ratio. I find that (a) an augmented medium-scale NK model with a precautionary saving motive can match this ratio well; (b) precautionary saving lowers the relative importance of the direct effect of monetary policy; (c) a NK model with precautionary saving relies less on nominal and real frictions; (d) the precautionary saving mechanism leads to lower inflation during economic recoveries; and (e) an extension with downward rigid wages is able to produce an asymmetric response of the economy to monetary policy in line with the recent literature. Given the central role of the mechanism linking saving to income risk for these results and the lack of clear empirical evidence for this relationship, using data on consumption, income and employment growth across 28 MSA from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, I document with an instrumental variable strategy that the consumption-income ratio is positively correlated with employment growth and increases by 0.4 percentage points in response to a one percentage point increase in employment growth. Based on this estimate, a sizable fraction of 42% of the increase in saving between 2006 and 2010 can be attributed to negative employment growth.
Download or read book Consumption Response to Expected Future Income written by Laurie Pounder and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: consuption "This paper shows empirical evidence in favor of forward-looking household consumption--that consumption today depends directly on household-specific ex-ante expectations of future income. This analysis is unique in using a direct consumption measure combined with an ex-ante household-specific measure of expected future income, constructed from detailed survey and administrative data on Social Security, pensions, and retirement plans. Households with high expected future income spend more today than households that have lower future income but identical current income and net worth. Omitting household-specific future income can cause mis-estimation of key consumption questions. Furthermore, when all three resources for consumption (current income, net worth, and future income) are accounted for, the average propensity to spend out of current income is similar to predictions of optimal consumption under uncertainty in a dynamic stochastic model, although the propensities to spend out of accumulated net worth and expected future income are notably lower in the data than the optimal model. Finally, these data also provide evidence on the effect of risk on consumption while controlling for all three resources. Households with high measured risk aversion consume less out of future income. All households, on average, consume more out of the more predictable sources of future income, such as future Social Security benefits"--Federal Reserve Board web site.
Download or read book Dissecting Saving Dynamics written by Mr.Christopher Carroll and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-09-01 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We argue that the U.S. personal saving rate’s long stability (from the 1960s through the early 1980s), subsequent steady decline (1980s - 2007), and recent substantial increase (2008 - 2011) can all be interpreted using a parsimonious ‘buffer stock’ model of optimal consumption in the presence of labor income uncertainty and credit constraints. Saving in the model is affected by the gap between ‘target’ and actual wealth, with the target wealth determined by credit conditions and uncertainty. An estimated structural version of the model suggests that increased credit availability accounts for most of the saving rate’s long-term decline, while fluctuations in net wealth and uncertainty capture the bulk of the business-cycle variation.
Download or read book Understanding Consumption written by Angus Deaton and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1992-10-08 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the recent research on saving and consumption, a field in which substantial progress has been made over the last decade. Attempts by economists to understand saving and consumption patterns have generated some of the best science in economics. For more than fifty years, there has been serious empirical and theoretical activity, and data, theory, and policy have never been separated as has happened in many branches of economics. Research has drawn microeconomists interested in household behaviour, as well as macroeconomists, for whom the behaviour of aggregate consumption has always occupied a central role in explaining aggregate fluctuations. Econometricians have also made distinguished contributions, and there has been a steady flow of new methodologies by those working on saving and consumption, in time-series econometrics, as well as in the study of micro and panel data. A coherent account of these developments is presented here, emphasizing the interplay between micro and the macro, between studies of cross-section and panels, and those using aggregate time series data.
Download or read book Consumption Adjustment Under Changing Income Uncertainty written by Joon Ho Hahm and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Precautionary Savings in the Great Recession written by Mr.Ashoka Mody and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heightened uncertainty since the onset of the Great Recession has materially increased saving rates, contributing to lower consumption and GDP growth. Consistent with a model of precautionary savings in the face of uncertainty, we find for a panel of advanced economies that greater labor income uncertainty is significantly associated with higher household savings. These results are robust to controlling for other determinants of saving rates, including wealth-to-income ratios, the government fiscal balance, demographics, credit conditions, and global growth and financial stress. Our estimates imply that at least two-fifths of the sharp increase in household saving rates between 2007 and 2009 can be attributed to the precautionary savings motive.
Download or read book Saving and Growth written by Chris Carroll and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the relationship between income growth and saving using both cross-country and household data. At the aggregate level, we find that growth Granger causes saving, but that saving does not Granger cause growth. Using household data, we find that households with predictably higher income growth save more than households with predictably low growth. We argue that standard Permanent Income models of consumption cannot explain these findings, but that a model of consumption with habit formation may. The positive effect of growth on saving implies that previous estimates of the effect of saving on growth may be overstated.
