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Book Income Mobility  Inequality and Social Welfare

Download or read book Income Mobility Inequality and Social Welfare written by John Creedy and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is often argued that an observation of rising annual income inequality need not have negative normative implications. The argument is that if there has been a sufficiently large simultaneous increase in mobility, the inequality of income measured over a longer time period can be lower despite the rise in annual inequality. In this paper, it is shown by example that if normative implications are drawn from a standard social welfare function, the set of circumstances put forward in the above argument are not sufficient to guarantee that social welfare will improve. The reason is that even though rising mobility does reduce longer term inequality, it also increases the variability of income profiles over time and the latter has a detrimental social welfare effect. Hence, there are two types of mobility: one which reduces inequality (regression to the mean), but another that increases inequality (relative movements uncorrelated with incomes). Further, if individuals' aversion to income variabiltiy is sufficiently larger than the social welfare judge's aversion to inequality, then an increase in mobility, no matter how large, cannot offset the negative normative effect of rising annual inequality.

Book Income Mobility and Welfare

Download or read book Income Mobility and Welfare written by Mr.Tom Krebs and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-01-28 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a framework for the quantitative analysis of individual income dynamics, mobility and welfare. Individual income is assumed to follow a stochastic process with two (unobserved) components, an i.i.d. component representing measurement error or transitory income shocks and an AR(1) component representing persistent changes in income. We use a tractable consumption-saving model with labor income risk and incomplete markets to relate income dynamics to consumption and welfare, and derive analytical expressions for income mobility and welfare as a function of the various parameters of the underlying income process. The empirical application of our framework using data on individual incomes from Mexico provides striking results. Much of measured income mobility is driven by measurement error or transitory income shocks and therefore (almost) welfare-neutral. A smaller part of measured income mobility is due to either welfare-reducing income risk or welfare-enhancing catching-up of low-income individuals with high-income individuals, both of which have economically significant effects on social welfare. Decomposing mobility into its fundamental components is thus seen to be crucial from the standpoint of welfare evaluation.

Book Getting Ahead

Download or read book Getting Ahead written by Daniel P. McMurrer and published by The Urban Insitute. This book was released on 1998 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adapted in part from the "Opportunity in America" series of policy briefs, this volume focuses on social and economic mobility in the United States. Class or family background has a strong effect on individual success, the authors find. They examine the possible reasons for this relationship; how it has changed over the past century; and the role of the economy, the welfare system, and education in opening up opportunities for the less fortunate.

Book Social Mobility in Developing Countries

Download or read book Social Mobility in Developing Countries written by Vegard Iversen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social mobility is the hope of economic development and the mantra of a good society. There are disagreements about what constitutes social mobility, but there is broad agreement that people should have roughly equal chances of success regardless of their economic status at birth. Concerns about rising inequality have engendered a renewed interest in social mobility—especially in the developing world. However, efforts to construct the databases and meet the standards required for conventional analyses of social mobility are at a preliminary stage and need to be complemented by innovative, conceptual, and methodological advances. If forms of mobility have slowed in the West, then we might be entering an age of rigid stratification with defined boundaries between the always-haves and the never-haves-which does not augur well for social stability. Social mobility research is ongoing, with substantive findings in different disciplines—typically with researchers in isolation from each other. A key contribution of this book is the pulling together of the emerging streams of knowledge. Generating policy-relevant knowledge is a principal concern. Three basic questions frame the study of diverse aspects of social mobility in the book. How to assess the extent of social mobility in a given development context when the datasets by conventional measurement techniques are unavailable? How to identify drivers and inhibitors of social mobility in particular developing country contexts? How to acquire the knowledge required to design interventions to raise social mobility, either by increasing upward mobility or by lowering downward mobility?

Book New Markets  New Opportunities

Download or read book New Markets New Opportunities written by Nancy Birdsall and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2001-09-19 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace publication Many of the countries that have recently converted to a market-based economic system have also experienced an alarming increase in income inequality — a widening gap between the haves and have nots. But to what extent is the increase in inequality also increasing the opportunities for economic advancement — particularly for those at the bottom of the economic ladder? Does the creation of greater opportunities make a region's move to the market politically acceptable? And, if opportunities don't increase along with inequality, will it eventually cause a political backlash against a country's market policies? This book highlights the importance of finding the answers to those questions by examining the issues of social mobility and opportunity as an essential part of the income inequality puzzle. It provides a summary of the latest research on the economics and politics of social mobility in both developed and emerging market economies, including the conceptual issues involved and the challenges of accurately documenting trends. The book concludes with a discussion of the economics of opportunity and mobility in Latin America and Eastern Europe, and the politics and perceptions of mobility in the two regions.

Book A Broken Social Elevator  How to Promote Social Mobility

Download or read book A Broken Social Elevator How to Promote Social Mobility written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides new evidence on social mobility in the context of increased inequalities of income and opportunities in OECD and selected emerging economies. It covers the aspects of both, social mobility between parents and children and of personal income mobility over the life course, ...

Book Inequality  Redistribution and Mobility

Download or read book Inequality Redistribution and Mobility written by Juan Gabriel Rodríguez and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on Economic Inequality's 28th volume provides original research on how inequality is affected by redistribution, growth, mobility and educational opportunities. Additional papers discuss poverty, welfare and wage discrimination.

Book Inequality of Opportunity

Download or read book Inequality of Opportunity written by Juan Gabriel Rodríguez and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight papers, both theoretical and applied, on the concept of equality of opportunity which says that a society should guarantee its members equal access to advantage regardless of their circumstances, while holding them responsible for turning that access into actual advantage by the application of effort.

Book Communities in Action

    Book Details:
  • Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
  • Publisher : National Academies Press
  • Release : 2017-04-27
  • ISBN : 0309452961
  • Pages : 583 pages

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Book Handbook of Income Inequality Measurement

Download or read book Handbook of Income Inequality Measurement written by Jacques Silber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amartya Sen "Equality," I spoke the word As if a wedding vow Ah, but I was so much older then, I am younger than that now. Thus sang Bob Dylan in 1964. Approbation of equality varies not only with our age (though it is not absolutely clear in which direction the values may shift over one's life time), but also with the spirit of the times. The 1960s were good years for singing in praise of equality. The spirit of the present times would probably be better reflected by melodies in admiration of the Federal Reserve System. And yet the technical literature on the evaluation and measurement of economic inequality has grown remarkably over the last three decades. Even as actual economic policies (especially in North America and Europe) have tended to move towards focusing on virtues other than the avoidance of economic inequality, the professional literature on assessing and gauging economic inequality has taken quite a jump forward. A great many different problems have been addressed and effectively sorted out, and new problems continue to be posed and analyzed. The Contents: A Review Jacques Silber has done a great service to the subject by producing this collection of admirablyhelpful and illuminating papers on different aspects of the measurement of income inequality. The reach of this collection is quite remarkable. Along with a thorough overview from the editor himself, the major areas in this complex field have been carefully examined and accessibly discussed.

Book Inequality  Welfare and Poverty

Download or read book Inequality Welfare and Poverty written by Yoram Amiel and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Research on Economic Inequality, Volume 9," "Inequality, Welfare and Poverty: Theory and Measurement" continues the series of original, timely and useful papers in applied welfare analysis. This volume contains fifteen papers on inequality theory, economic mobility, issues in empirical estimation, and empirical studies. The theory papers address the link between inequality and social welfare. The mobility papers address issues of unequal growth and intergenerational mobility. The estimation papers address data weighting and equivalent scale issues. The final section presents empirical papers on poverty and inequality for a variety of countries.

Book The Economics of Inequality  Poverty  and Discrimination in the 21st Century

Download or read book The Economics of Inequality Poverty and Discrimination in the 21st Century written by Robert S. Rycroft and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scholars examine the conflicting paradigms of affluence and destitution in the United States—as well as other free societies—and discuss the influence of education, race, and status on economic mobility. While recent catastrophic events in New Orleans and Haiti may have magnified issues of social inequity, leaders have debated over poverty and discrimination for decades. Are the poor disadvantaged by the institutions of society or by the choices they make? Through two insightful volumes, the author examines differing academic and political perspectives to help shed light on the causes of poverty and inequality; the role that gender, race, age, or sexual preference plays in determining opportunity; and the effectiveness of current social and economic policies in balancing the inequity among disparate groups. The Economics of Inequality, Poverty, and Discrimination in the 21st Century consists of 2 volumes containing 32 papers divided into 5 categories: measurement, inequality and mobility, institutions and choices, demographic groups and discrimination, and policy. The papers—written by economists, sociologists, philosophers and lawyers—deal with the extent of inequality in the United States and how it compares to other countries, and the newly emerging evidence on the relationship between inequality and mobility within a society.

Book Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe

Download or read book Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe written by Miles Corak and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-25 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labour markets in North America and Europe have changed tremendously in the face of increased globalisation and technical progress, raising important challenges for policy makers concerned with equality of opportunity. This book examines the influence of both changes in income inequality and of social policies on the degree to which economic advantage is passed on between parents and children in the rich countries. Standard theoretical models of generational dynamics are extended to examine generational income and earnings mobility over time and across space. Over twenty contributors from North America and Europe offer comparable estimates of the degree of mobility, changes in mobility, and the impact of government policy. In so doing, they strengthen the analytical tool kit used in the study of generational mobility, and offer insights for research and directions in dealing with equality of opportunity and child poverty.

Book Intergenerational Income Mobility and Redistributive Policy

Download or read book Intergenerational Income Mobility and Redistributive Policy written by Mareike Schad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mareike Schad examines how redistributive policy measures influence intergenerational income mobility, taking into account various facets of the parent-child connection. In the first part, the author investigates the impact of education and education policy on income mobility both theoretically and empirically. The second part addresses individual beliefs regarding the determinants of personal economic success and their effect on income mobility within a society.

Book Mobility and Inequality Trends

Download or read book Mobility and Inequality Trends written by Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-25 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobility and Inequality Trends is the 30th volume of Research on Economic Inequality and features insightful and original papers from the 9th Society for the Study of Economic Inequality (ECINEQ) meeting.