Download or read book Incidence of Inbreeding and Its Effect on Important Traits of Karan Swiss and Karan Fries Cattle written by Y. Y. Su and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Studies on Type Traits and Breed Characterization of Karan Fries and Karan Swiss Cattle written by A. Mitra and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies on Type Characteristics in Karan Fries and Karan Swiss Cattle written by R. Gupta and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Incidence of Inbreeding and Its Effect on Economic Traits of Dairy Cattle written by B. Srinivas and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present investigation has been undertaken to evaluate the amount of in breeding in the sahiwal hard and its effect on various aconomic characters. The results indicated that the average in breeding co-effecient of the inbreed animals was 7.2+6.19 percent. The effect of inbreeding co-efficient on sahiwal animals was found to have no significant influence on birth weight first lactation milk yield first lactation length age at first calving, first calving interval and number of services required per conception. However the level of inbreeding was found to have significant affect on service period and surrivability of cows. The correlation between co-efficient of inbreeding and the first service period (0.144+0.07) and regresion of service period on level of inbreeding (2.292+1.131) were statistically found to be significant. It was causing a decline and their corralation was non significant but the regression of these two sexes was found to be statistically significant.

Download or read book Evaluation of Functional Traits in Karan Fries Cows written by Balasundaram Balakrishnan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-10 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional traits are the characters of an animal which increase the efficiency not by higher output of product but by reduced cost of input. Udder and reproductive disorders are the imperative functional traits which causes major losses in milk production. Reproduction disorders affect the herd life, reproductive efficiency of cows and are responsible for removal of the cow from the herd. Crossbred cows appear to be more prone to infections and disorders as compared to indigenous breeds. Karan Fries cow is a crossbred of Holstein Friesian and Tharparkar (India) developed at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India. Incidence of abortion, still birth, dystocia, retained foetal membrane, metritis, endometritis, anoestrus, repeat breeding, pyometra and other reproductive disorders in Karan Fries cows were evaluated. Production and reproduction performance traits were found to be influenced by reproductive disorders. Repeatability of anoestrus and abortion were moderate to high in second and third lactation. Metritis was the most severe reproduction disorder. Overall incidence of reproduction disorders was lower in F1 than interbred genetic group of Karan Fries cows.

Download or read book The Level of Inbreeding and Its Effect on Weight Traits in Simmental Cattle written by Barbara J. Ward and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Generationwise Genetic Evaluation of Karan Swiss and Karan Fries Cattle written by Sujit Saha and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Natural History of Inbreeding and Outbreeding written by Nancy Wilmsen Thornhill and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1993-08-15 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inbreeding, the mating of close kin, and outbreeding, the mating of distant relatives or unrelated organisms, have long been important subjects to evolutionary biologists. Inbreeding reduces genetic diversity in a population, increasing the likelihood that genetic defects will become widespread and deprive a population of the diversity it may need to cope with its environment. Most plants and animals have evolved behavioral and morphological mechanisms to avoid inbreeding. However, today many endangered species exist only in small, very isolated populations where inbreeding is unavoidable, so it has become a concern for conservationists. In this volume, twenty-six experts in evolution, behavior, and genetics examine the causes and consequences of inbreeding. The authors ask whether inbreeding is as problematic as biologists have thought, under what ecological conditions inbreeding occurs, and whether organisms that inbreed have mechanisms to dampen the anticipated problems of reduced genetic variation. The studies, including theoretical and empirical work on wild and captive populations, demonstrate that many plants and animals inbreed to a greater extent than biologists have thought, with variable effects on individual fitness. Graduate students and researchers in evolutionary biology, animal behavior, ecology, and conservation biology will welcome this wide-ranging collection.

Download or read book Studies on Inbreeding and Its Effect on Economic Traits in a Closed Herd of Crossbred Cattle written by R. L. Bhagvat and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inheritance of Calf Characteristics and Their Effects on Dams Performance in Karan Swiss Cattle written by A. Mandal and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Evaluation of Karan Fries Cattle for Fertility and Production Traits written by Shakti Kant Das and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genomic Analysis of Male Fertility in Brown Swiss Cattle written by Hendyel Aparecida Pacheco and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigated bull fertility in Brown Swiss cattle. Chapter One offers an overview and an outline for the contents of the dissertation. Chapter Two provides a literature review on topics such as the importance of reproduction performance in dairy cattle, the importance of dairy bull fertility, and different genetic analyses. Chapter Three focuses on the evaluation of dairy bull fertility using confirmed pregnancy records. The analysis included both factors related to the bull under evaluation and factors associated with the cow that receives the unit of semen. The results showed that there is a substantial variation in conception rate among bulls, and the prediction of service sire fertility is feasible. These findings represent the foundation for the development of novel tools that will allow the dairy industry to make enhanced management and selection decisions on Brown Swiss male fertility. Chapter Four focuses on understanding the genetic basis of male fertility in Italian Brown Swiss dairy cattle. The analyses included whole-genome scans and gene-set analyses to identify genomic regions, individual genes, and genetic mechanisms affecting Brown Swiss bull fertility. These analyses identified genomic regions, individual genes, and gene-set related to male fertility. Additionally, the results showed genomic regions with marked non-additive effects associated with bull fertility. This comprehensive study contributes to a better understanding of the genetic basis of male fertility in cattle. Chapter Five aims to assess the feasibility of predicting male fertility in Brown Swiss cattle using genomic data under different scenarios, including within-country, across-country, and incorporating markers with large effect. The analyses included the use of linear kernel-based regression models fitting all SNPs or incorporating markers with large effect, using five-fold cross-validation. The findings showed that the prediction of service sire fertility using genomic data achieves moderate to high accuracy and the inclusion of markers with large effect is a promising alternative to the standard approach. However, the use of an across-country reference population did not outperform the standard within-country approach. Genomic predictions of service sire fertility can help Brown Swiss breeders make accurate genome-guided selection and management decisions. Chapter Six evaluates the presence of homozygosity in Italian Brown Swiss dairy cattle and assesses its association with bull fertility. The findings showed that inbreeding and increased homozygosity have a negative impact on male fertility in Italian Brown Swiss cattle. The quantification of homozygosity can contribute to minimizing the inbreeding rate and avoid its negative effect on fitness-related traits, such as male fertility. Lastly, a final Chapter is provided with some concluding remarks.

Download or read book Genetic Evaluation of Production and Fertility Traits in Karan Fries Cattle written by Shilpa Gujral and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative and Genomic Analyses of Inbreeding in Dairy Cattle Populations written by Bayode Makanjuola and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this thesis was to assess the loss of genetic diversity, estimate the adverse effects of increasing homozygosity on economically important traits and investigate at the genomic level the unique location causing the detrimental effects. To understand the pattern of genetic diversity losses, we investigated the rate of inbreeding (∆F), rate of coancestry (∆f) and effective population size (N_e) as important quantitative indicators of genetic diversity and evaluated the effect of the recent implementation of genomic selection on the loss of genetic diversity in Holstein and Jersey dairy cattle. The rate of inbreeding and coancestry were calculated using both the traditional pedigree method and genomic methods estimated from segment and marker-based approaches. The ∆F and ∆f per generation ranged from 0.62 to 1.16%. Therefore, the N_e ranged from 43 to 85 for the two breeds. This result suggests the need to implement measures and means for controlling the rate of inbreeding, which will help to manage and maintain farm animal genetic resources. Following the assessment of genetic diversity loss, the negative effects of the accumulation of inbreeding expected from the reducing N_e was investigated. More specifically, we investigated the effect of recent and ancient inbreeding on production and fertility traits in Holsteins. In general, negative effects of inbreeding were found on production and fertility traits with production traits having more significant negative effects. Interestingly, ancient inbreeding had no significant negative impact on traits analysed; however, recent inbreeding showed more adverse and significant impact on analysed traits. This result indicates that more attention should be focused on recent inbreeding. Furthermore, we sought to identify unique homozygous genomic regions (ROH) showing negative associations with production and fertility traits as well as investigating their effects. Unique ROH regions with unfavorable effects were identified for both production and fertility traits. These unique homozygous regions with negative effects on production and fertility traits were identified within and across multiple traits in almost all chromosomes. The identified harmful regions could be advantageously used in mate selection pipelines for minimizing their frequency in future generations.

Download or read book Evaluation of Inbreeding Depression and the Comparison of Genomic Inbreeding Measures in Domestic Cattle written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic inbreeding measures were studied in several groups of domestic cattle. First, effects of increases in three measures of genomic inbreeding on economically important traits in US Holstein cattle were studied. Genomic inbreeding measures of percent homozygosity, inbreeding derived from runs of homozygosity, and inbreeding derived from a genomic relationship matrix were calculated. Increases in all three measures of genomic inbreeding resulted in decreases in total milk yield, conception rate, and days open. Next, genomic inbreeding measures were compared between genetically elite Holsteins, commercial Holsteins, Jerseys, Angus, and Brazilian Nelore cattle. Genomic inbreeding measures of percent homozygosity, as well as inbreeding derived from runs of homozygosity with minimum lengths of runs of 4,000 and 8,000 kilobases were calculated for three densities of SNP panels. The first SNP panel contained the 54,001 SNP available in the most common commercial genotyping panel, the second SNP panel contained 6,909 selected SNP, while the third SNP panel contained about 6,400 equally spaced SNP derived from the 54,001 SNP panel. Differences were observed between breeds, with the Jersey cattle having the highest average inbreeding coefficients, and the Nelore having the lowest. The genetically elite Holsteins, on average, had higher genomic inbreeding coefficients than commercial Holsteins, indicating the greater selection intensity in the genetically elite animals results in higher inbreeding. Selection bias was evident when analyzing the two lower density SNP panels, whereas Holsteins had much lower percent homozygosity in the selected 6,909 SNP panel than either of the other two panels. As Nelore animals were not utilized in the SNP selection for the 6,909 panel, all three measures of percent homozygosity for Nelore were similar. Lastly, the effects of increases in expected genomic inbreeding from mating pairs was analyzed. Genotypic information from 374 sire-dam-progeny trios was available. Measures of expected genomic inbreeding were calculated from the sire-dam pairs and compared to the actual progeny to determine if the most inbred animals died embryonically. No differences were seen between expected and actual levels of genomic inbreeding. When analyzing only the high expected inbreeding pairs, more variation was evident, suggesting a possible effect at this level.

Download or read book Inbreeding and Outbreeding Their Genetic and Sociological Significance written by Edward Murray East and published by Theclassics.Us. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1919 edition. Excerpt: ...starts off poorly, as shown in the accompanying illustration (Fig. 33), but soon catches up and passes the second generation. At maturity the second generation is shorter and less productive, although it has a much greater variability. The third generation from selfed plants of this particular cross has been grown, and there is still further loss of the stimulation which is at its maximum in the first generation. On continued inbreeding these families presumably would exhibit a continuation of the same course of reduction in size, vigor and variability shown in the original inbreeding experiment, until homozygosity was again 100 78 50 29 Sronth Curres of Two Inbred Strains ef Maize and Their Fj and F2 Hybrids. 30 40 50 Gf 7 8 Wumlaer of Days from Planting 9 33.--Qraphs showing growth curves of two inbred strains'of maiie and thier first and second generation hybrids. reached. The resulting inbred strains would have about the same amount of development as the original inbred strains, but would probably differ from them in appearance through the possession of different combinations of characters. The principal point is that the vigor and size lost by inbreeding are immediately restored by crossing, but lost again on further inbreeding. It is a transitory effect, for the most part, impossible of fixation. Increases in yield of grain are also frequently obtained when ordinary commercial varieties of maize are crossed. Earely are the increases greater than 10 per cent., however, and even this is more commonly to be expected when varieties of somewhat different type are used; for example, flint and dent. Most varieties of corn are now so widely crossed and furthermore are so near the limit of production that great advances are not...

Download or read book Inbreeding and Outbreeding Their Genetic and Sociological Significance written by Edward M. East and published by Holloway Press. This book was released on 2007-10 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PREFACE. THE Author of this very practical treatise on Scotch Loch - Fishing desires clearly that it may be of use to all who had it. He does not pretend to have written anything new, but to have attempted to put what he has to say in as readable a form as possible. Everything in the way of the history and habits of fish has been studiously avoided, and technicalities have been used as sparingly as possible. The writing of this book has afforded him pleasure in his leisure moments, and that pleasure would be much increased if he knew that the perusal of it would create any bond of sympathy between himself and the angling community in general. This section is interleaved with blank shects for the readers notes. The Author need hardly say that any suggestions addressed to the case of the publishers, will meet with consideration in a future edition. We do not pretend to write or enlarge upon a new subject. Much has been said and written-and well said and written too on the art of fishing but loch-fishing has been rather looked upon as a second-rate performance, and to dispel this idea is one of the objects for which this present treatise has been written. Far be it from us to say anything against fishing, lawfully practised in any form but many pent up in our large towns will bear us out when me say that, on the whole, a days loch-fishing is the most convenient. One great matter is, that the loch-fisher is depend- ent on nothing but enough wind to curl the water, -and on a large loch it is very seldom that a dead calm prevails all day, -and can make his arrangements for a day, weeks beforehand whereas the stream- fisher is dependent for a good take on the state of the water and however pleasant and easy it may be for one living near the banks of a good trout stream or river, it is quite another matter to arrange for a days river-fishing, if one is looking forward to a holiday at a date some weeks ahead. Providence may favour the expectant angler with a good day, and the water in order but experience has taught most of us that the good days are in the minority, and that, as is the case with our rapid running streams, -such as many of our northern streams are, -the water is either too large or too small, unless, as previously remarked, you live near at hand, and can catch it at its best. A common belief in regard to loch-fishing is, that the tyro and the experienced angler have nearly the same chance in fishing, -the one from the stern and the other from the bow of the same boat. Of all the absurd beliefs as to loch-fishing, this is one of the most absurd. Try it. Give the tyro either end of the boat he likes give him a cast of ally flies he may fancy, or even a cast similar to those which a crack may be using and if he catches one for every three the other has, he may consider himself very lucky. Of course there are lochs where the fish are not abundant, and a beginner may come across as many as an older fisher but we speak of lochs where there are fish to be caught, and where each has a fair chance. Again, it is said that the boatman has as much to do with catching trout in a loch as the angler. Well, we dont deny that. In an untried loch it is necessary to have the guidance of a good boatman but the same argument holds good as to stream-fishing...