Download or read book In Vivo Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging and Scatter Assessments written by Zheng Feng Lu and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bone Quantitative Ultrasound written by Pascal Laugier and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many significant achievements in new ultrasound technologies to measure bone and models to elucidate the interaction and the propagation of ultrasonic waves in complex bone structures have been reported over the past ten years. Impaired bone remodeling affects not only the trabecular compartment but also the cortical one. Despite the crucial contribution of the cortical structure to the whole bone mechanical competence, cortical bone was understudied for a long time. A paradigm shift occurred around 2010, with a special focus placed on the importance of cortical bone. This has sparkled a great deal of interest in new ultrasound techniques to assess cortical bone. While our book ‘Bone Quantitative Ultrasound’ published in 2011 emphasized techniques to measure trabecular bone, this new book is devoted for a large part to the technologies introduced recently to measure cortical bone. These include resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, guided waves, scattering, and pulse-echo and tomography imaging techniques. Instrumentation, signal processing techniques and models used are detailed. Importantly, the data accumulated in recent years such as anisotropic stiffness, elastic engineering moduli, compression and shear wave speeds of cortical bones from various skeletal sites are presented comprehensively. A few chapters deal with the recent developments achieved in quantitative ultrasound of trabecular bone. These include (i) scattering-based approaches and their application to measure skeletal sites such as the spine and proximal femur and (ii) approaches exploiting the poro-elastic nature of bone. While bone fragility and osteoporosis are still the main motivation for developing bone QUS, this Book also includes chapters reporting ultrasound techniques developed for other applications of high interest such as 3-D imaging of the spine, assessment of implant stability and transcranial brain imaging. This book, together with the book ‘Bone Quantitative Ultrasound’ published in 2011 will provide a comprehensive overview of the methods and principles used in bone quantitative ultrasound and will be a benchmark for all novice or experienced researchers in the field. The book will offer recent experimental results and theoretical concepts developed so far and would be intended for researchers, graduate or undergraduate students, engineers, and clinicians who are involved in the field. The book should be considered as a complement to the first book publisher in 2011, rather than a second edition, in the sense that basic notions already presented in the first book are not repeated.
Download or read book Quantitative Ultrasound in Soft Tissues written by Jonathan Mamou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to parallel advances in signal processing and computer hardware in the last 15 years, quantitative ultrasound techniques have reached maturity, allowing for the construction of quantitative maps or images of soft tissues. This book will focus on 5 modern research topics related to quantitative ultrasound of soft tissues: - Spectral-based methods for tissue characterization, tissue typing, cancer detection, etc.; - Envelope statistics analysis as a means of quantifying and imaging tissue properties; - Ultrasound elastography for quantifying elastic properties of tissues (several clinical ultrasound scanners now display elastography images); - Scanning acoustic microscopy for forming images of mechanical properties of soft tissues with micron resolution (desktop size scanners are now available); and - Ultrasound computer tomography for breast cancer imaging (new ultrasound tomography systems have been developed and are currently under evaluation clinically).
Download or read book Quantitative Ultrasound Characterization of Responses to Radiotherapy in Vitro and in Vivo written by Roxana Magdalena Vlad and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In clinical oncology and experimental therapeutics, changes in tumour growth rate or volume have been traditionally the first indication of treatment response. These changes typically occur late in the course of therapy. Currently, no routinely available imaging modality is capable of assessing tumour response to cancer treatment within hours or days after delivery of radiation treatment. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to develop the use of ultrasound imaging and ultrasound characterization methods with frequencies of 10 to 30 MHz to assess non-invasively tumour response to radiotherapy, early, within hours to days after delivery of radiotherapy.Responses to radiotherapy were characterized initially in vitro in a well-controlled environment using cell samples. It was demonstrated experimentally that the changes in ultrasound integrated backscatter and spectral slopes were the direct consequences of cell and nuclear morphological changes associated with cell death. The research in vitro provided a basis for the in vivo research that characterized responses to radiotherapy in cancer mouse models. The results from mouse tumour models indicated that quantitative ultrasound could detect the regions in a tumour that corresponded in histology to areas of cell death.In order to understand the cellular morphological changes responsible for ultrasound scattering at these frequencies and assist in the interpretation of experimental data, numerical simulations of ultrasound scattering from four different cell lines exposed to radiotherapy were conducted and compared to experimental results. It was concluded that the increases measured in ultrasound backscatter could in part be explained by the increase in the randomization of cell nuclei resulting from the increase in the variance of cell sizes following cell death.In this thesis, it is demonstrated that ultrasound imaging and quantitative ultrasound methods were able to detect non-invasively early responses to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism behind this detection was linked to changes in the acoustic properties of nuclei and changes in the spatial organization of cells and nuclei following cell death. This provides the groundwork for future investigations regarding the use of ultrasound in cancer patients to individualize treatments non-invasively based on their responses to specific interventions.
Download or read book Ultrasonic Scattering in Biological Tissues written by K. Kirk Shung and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrasonic Scattering in Biological Tissues contains 14 chapters written by world-renowned authorities who describe current work related to theoretical and experimental aspects of ultrasonic scattering phenomenon in biological tissues. Introductory material regarding ultrasonic scattering in biological tissues is presented, followed by discussions on theoretical treatments, experimental approaches, in vitro results on selective tissues, in vivo results on various tissues, and the current status of quantitative backscatter imaging. Ultrasonic Scattering in Biological Tissues will be an excellent reference for biomedical engineers, ultrasound specialists, biophysicists, and radiology researchers.
Download or read book Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging of in Vivo Breast Tumors written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of this dissertation is to perform quantitative ultrasound imaging (QUS) of in vivo breast tumors in order to provide new tools to differentiate benign from malignant breast masses. The studies outlined in Chapters 3-4 demonstrate that attenuation and backscatter coefficients (BSC) of phantoms can be estimated from the radiofrequency echo data acquired by a clinical ultrasound imaging system, when a well-calibrated reference phantom is used to account for dependencies of echo signals on system settings and transducer properties. Chapter 5 presents attenuation and backscatter coefficients for an animal breast tumor model and demonstrates the feasibility of producing accurate QUS parameters regardless of imaging system used. The study in Chapter 5 was validated in Chapter 6 using a phantom that mimics scanning conditions encountered in the animal model study. A least squares method (LSM) was introduced to estimate attenuation over inhomogeneous paths between an ultrasound transducer and a mass and was verified using phantoms. The LSM was also applied in QUS studies of human breast masses. Preliminary data on attenuation, BSCs, and effective scatterer diameters (ESD) within human breast masses were derived from a subject population undergoing breast biopsies. The attenuation in the mass was estimated from the product of the attenuation coefficient and antero-posterior dimension and was compared to relative acoustic shadowing criteria reported as "posterior echo features" in the BI-RADS lexicon. The BSC averaged over frequency (ABSC) provides information of the echogenicity of an object. The ABSC was compared to the "echo pattern" descriptor of the BI-RADS and showed a potential to quantify the echogenicity within masses. A plot of the ABSC and attenuation coefficient showed potential to differentiate between fibroadenomas and carcinomas with a linear discriminant. In addition, most fibroadenomas exhibited a wider distribution of ESD estimates over the ROI than carcinomas. Chapter 9 presents an assessment of accuracy of attenuation measurements by the reference phantom method when the tissue sound speed differs from that of the reference. These results demonstrate that a great progress has been made in the effort to develop QUS technology to improve breast ultrasound specificity
Download or read book Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging Using Acoustic Backscatter Coefficients written by Evan Jeffery Boote and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Ultrasound in Soft Tissues written by Jonathan Mamou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) continues to mature as a research field and is primed to make a swift transition to routine preclinical and clinical applications. This book will serve two main purposes: Advanced education in QUS by providing a complete and thorough review of all theoretical, physical, and engineering aspects of QUS. Review of recent development of QUS by lead contributors in the research field. This 2nd edition will focus on 6 modern research topics related to quantitative ultrasound of soft tissues: Spectral-based methods for tissue characterization, tissue typing, cancer detection, etc. Attenuation estimation for tissue characterization and improving spectral based methods Envelope statistics analysis as a means of quantifying and imaging tissue properties. Ultrasound computed tomography for preclinical and clinical imaging. Scanning acoustic microscopy for forming images of mechanical properties of soft tissues with micron resolution. Phantoms for quantitative ultrasound.
Download or read book Quantitative Ultrasound written by Thomas Fuerst PhD and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-10-13 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrasound is quickly becoming the technique of choice in the measurement of bone density. Proving cheaper and more portable than previous techniques, and also having the advantage of not using ionizing radiation, it is likely that the use of various ultrasound systems will become increasingly widespread in clinical practice. This book is a comprehensive review of the systems currently available, preceded by a summary of the basic science of ultrasound and concluding with a section on clinical studies, trials and experience in a number of countries. Likely future developments are also discussed, bringing the book completely up to date.
Download or read book Quantitative Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging for the Assessment of Vascular Parameters written by Kristen M. Meiburger and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Ultrasound Characterization of Responses to Radiotherapy in Vitro and in Vivo written by Roxana Magdalena Vlad and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In clinical oncology and experimental therapeutics, changes in tumour growth rate or volume have been traditionally the first indication of treatment response. These changes typically occur late in the course of therapy. Currently, no routinely available imaging modality is capable of assessing tumour response to cancer treatment within hours or days after delivery of radiation treatment. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to develop the use of ultrasound imaging and ultrasound characterization methods with frequencies of 10 to 30 MHz to assess non-invasively tumour response to radiotherapy, early, within hours to days after delivery of radiotherapy. Responses to radiotherapy were characterized initially in vitro in a well-controlled environment using cell samples. It was demonstrated experimentally that the changes in ultrasound integrated backscatter and spectral slopes were the direct consequences of cell and nuclear morphological changes associated with cell death. The research in vitro provided a basis for the in vivo research that characterized responses to radiotherapy in cancer mouse models. The results from mouse tumour models indicated that quantitative ultrasound could detect the regions in a tumour that corresponded in histology to areas of cell death. In order to understand the cellular morphological changes responsible for ultrasound scattering at these frequencies and assist in the interpretation of experimental data, numerical simulations of ultrasound scattering from four different cell lines exposed to radiotherapy were conducted and compared to experimental results. It was concluded that the increases measured in ultrasound backscatter could in part be explained by the increase in the randomization of cell nuclei resulting from the increase in the variance of cell sizes following cell death. In this thesis, it is demonstrated that ultrasound imaging and quantitative ultrasound methods were able to detect non-invasively early responses to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism behind this detection was linked to changes in the acoustic properties of nuclei and changes in the spatial organization of cells and nuclei following cell death. This provides the groundwork for future investigations regarding the use of ultrasound in cancer patients to individualize treatments non-invasively based on their responses to specific interventions.
Download or read book Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging written by Hideyuki Hasegawa and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-21 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging" that was published in Applied Sciences
Download or read book Quantitative Assessment of Active Ultrasound Imaging Methods written by Hui Yao and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging for the Assessment of Vascular Parameters written by Kristen M. Meiburger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the development of quantitative techniques for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging in the assessment of architectural and vascular parameters. It presents morphological vascular research based on the development of quantitative imaging techniques for the use of clinical B-mode ultrasound images, and preclinical architectural vascular investigations on quantitative imaging techniques for ultrasounds and photoacoustics. The book is divided into two main parts, the first of which focuses on the development and validation of quantitative techniques for the assessment of vascular morphological parameters that can be extracted from B-mode ultrasound longitudinal images of the common carotid artery. In turn, the second part highlights quantitative imaging techniques for assessing the architectural parameters of vasculature that can be extracted from 3D volumes, using both contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging and photoacoustic imaging without the addition of any contrast agent. Sharing and summarizing the outcomes of this important research, the book will be of interest to a broad range of researchers and practitioners in the fields of medical imaging and biomedical engineering.
Download or read book Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging Parameters for Evaluation of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque written by Catherine Steffel and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability throughout the world. Clinicians recognize that carotid atherosclerotic plaque can be a contributing cause of stroke; however, clinical methods for characterizing carotid plaque with ultrasound are semi-quantitative, and tools are needed to assess plaque composition in asymptomatic individuals who have not yet suffered a stroke or other cerebrovascular event. To examine carotid plaque composition noninvasively and overcome some of these limitations, researchers have developed standardized quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods based on brightness-mode (B-mode) images and radiofrequency (RF) echo signals. Our research group has been involved in this effort by developing signal processing approaches and evaluating QUS parameters. Some primary challenges of computing QUS parameters, particularly in vivo, are plaques' small sizes and heterogeneous composition. Algorithms developed in recent years reportedly minimize QUS estimation variance in simulation, phantom studies, and biological tissue. The primary goal of the research presented in this dissertation was to adapt some of these new signal processing approaches to carotid plaque assessment and develop and validate subsequent QUS parameters. As part of this work, we applied an optimum power spectral shift estimation (OPSSE) method to RF echo signal data and computed attenuation coefficient and attenuation-corrected integrated backscatter parameters in plaque in vivo and ex vivo. Then, we compared our results to those from a reference phantom method (for in vivo attenuation coefficient estimation only) and to ground-truth assessments of plaque composition (whole plaque surgical scores, assessments of single representative sections of histopathology, and 3D reconstructions of histopathology whole slide images [for ex vivo only]). Our results demonstrated that the OPSSE method may provide QUS estimates with lower variance, fewer nonphysical estimates, and high spatial resolution. Further, attenuation coefficient and attenuation-corrected integrated backscatter parameters correlated with cholesterol, calcium, thrombus, ulceration, hemorrhage, hemosiderin, and inflammation content in plaque and could discriminate among plaque scores. Together, our results suggest that the applied signal processing approaches and developed QUS parameters may provide information about plaque composition that has not been revealed through other parameters and indices obtained as part of our study. This dissertation contributes to a growing body of QUS research that will guide future development of an accurate and reliable tool for assessing risk of plaque rupture or stroke by plaque echogenicity changes.
Download or read book Evaluation of the Accuracy and Precision of Ultrasound Attenuation Slope Estimates written by Alexander Haak and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New approaches in the field of ultrasound utilize the frequency content of the backscattered signal, which contains information about the scattering tissue structure and enables quantitative ultrasound imaging. The ultrasonic attenuation is a quantitative parameter that can be used to characterize tissue. Furthermore, for any scatterer size estimations, the spectral distortions caused by attenuation need to be corrected, and therefore the attenuation has to be measured in vivo to make such techniques applicable for medical imaging. There are two main techniques, spectral difference and spectral shift, used to estimate the attenuation from backscattered ultrasound data. In this work we focus on the spectral shift method, which utilizes the downshift of the center frequency of a pulse propagating through an attenuating medium. The spectral shift method is less sensitive than the spectral difference method and there has not been much work done on estimating the accuracy and precision of the attenuation estimates. The amount of downshift of the pulse depends on the square of the absolute bandwidth of the pulse and is believed to be a crucial parameter for the accuracy of the attenuation estimate. An algorithm utilizing the spectral shift method was implemented and tested on virtual and physical phantoms with different attenuation slopes. The virtual phantoms were interrogated with pulses with a wide range of center frequencies and fractional bandwidths. We found that the algorithm used to estimate the attenuation slope is unbiased but has a high variance in the estimates for situations where the amount of downshift of the pulse is small. Experiments with two transducers differing in absolute bandwidth indicated that for a fixed analysis depth higher bandwidths perform better.
Download or read book Bone Implant Interface written by Hugh U. Cameron and published by St. Louis ; Toronto : Moseby. This book was released on 1994 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
