Download or read book In Vitro Toxicology Systems written by Anna Bal-Price and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-09-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Vitro Toxicology Systems brings together important issues and considerations needed in order to develop a workable, reliable, integrated testing strategy for the replacement of animals in toxicity testing regimes. This thorough volume includes sections on in vitro models for systemic organ toxicity, neurotoxicity, sensory organs, immunotoxicity and reproductive toxicity and addresses how stem cells may be used going forward. The book also tackles difficult areas of toxicology such as carcinogenicity and nanotoxicology, with additional chapters dedicated to kinetics, metabolism, and in vitro in vivo extrapolation. The book also addresses biological processes such as stress response pathways and mechanistic biomarkers and how these can be uncovered and measured using high content approaches. Reliable and authoritative, In Vitro Toxicology Systems will be of benefit not only to students, scientists and regulators working in the field of chemical safety assessment but also to a wider scientific audience.
Download or read book In Vitro Methods in Pharmaceutical Research written by Jose V. Castell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-04 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Vitro Methods in Pharmaceutical Research provides a comprehensive guide to laboratory techniques for evaluating in vitro organ toxicity using cellular models. Step-by-step practical tips on how to perform and interpret assays for drug metabolism and toxicity assessment are provided, along with a comparison of different techniques available. It is a welcome addition to the literature at a time when interest is growing in cellular in vitro models for toxicology and pharmacology studies. - Meets the continuing demand for information in this field - Compares In Vitro techniques with other methods - Describes cell-culture methods used to investigate toxicity in cells derived from different organs - Includes contributions by leading experts in the field
Download or read book Cell Culture Methods for In Vitro Toxicology written by G. Stacey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Culture Methods for in vitro Toxicology introduces the reader to a range of techniques involved in the use of in vitro cell culture in toxicological studies. It deals with major cell types studied in the field of toxicology and will be useful for anyone wishing to start work with animal cell cultures or to refresh their knowledge relating to in vitro cell models. Fundamental chapters deal with the general biology of cytotoxicity and cell immortalisation these are key issues for in vitro systems addressing the `3Rs' principle. Up-to-date overviews deal with the use of cells from liver, brain and intestine. In addition, biochemical analysis of cell responses, biotransformation pathways in cells and recombinant approaches to the early detection of cell stress are also covered in detail. Prominent features of in vitro technologies also include regulation, biosafety and standardisation. Dedicated chapters deal with these issues in a practical way in order to lead the reader to the right source of information. This book provides an up-to-date, informative and practical review of cell culture methods for in vitro toxicology. It will be of equal benefit to students and experienced toxicologists with little experience of in vitro cell culture.
Download or read book Introduction to In Vitro Cytotoxicology written by Frank A. Barile and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1994, Introduction to In Vitro Cytotoxicology examines in vitro cytotoxicology, which offers new methodologies to toxicity testing. This important new discipline of modern toxicology is gaining increased acceptance as a viable alternative to traditional testing methods. The text discusses the application of in vitro cytotoxicology to toxicity testing and human risk assessment, and it analyzes the advantages and limitations of the tests performed under scientific and regulatory conditions. The book also reviews the optimum utilization of certain tests for specific groups of chemicals relevant to validation programs currently in progress. This book is a useful reference tool for students, researchers, and practitioners interested in academic, industrial, and regulatory toxicology; environmental health; cell biology; pharmacology; dentistry; or human and veterinary medicine.
Download or read book In Vitro Methods in Toxicology written by C. K. Atterwill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-10-22 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume brings together the once disparate knowledge of cultural techniques and thus provides an important reference work for industrial and academic toxicologists.
Download or read book Validation of Alternative Methods for Toxicity Testing written by Chantra Eskes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-26 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information on best practices and new thinking regarding the validation of alternative methods for toxicity testing. It covers the validation of experimental and computational methods and integrated approaches to testing and assessment. Validation strategies are discussed for methods employing the latest technologies such as tissue-on-a-chip systems, stem cells and transcriptomics, and for methods derived from pathway-based concepts in toxicology. Validation of Alternative Methods for Toxicity Testing is divided into two sections, in the first, practical insights are given on the state-of-the-art and on approaches that have resulted in successfully validated and accepted alternative methods. The second section focuses on the evolution of validation principles and practice that are necessary to ensure fit-for-purpose validation that has the greatest impact on international regulatory acceptance of alternative methods. In this context validation needs to keep pace with the considerable scientific advancements being made in toxicology, the availability of sophisticated tools and techniques that can be applied in a variety of ways, and the increasing societal and regulatory demands for better safety assessment. This book will be a useful resource for scientists in the field of toxicology, both from industry and academia, developing new test methods, strategies or techniques, as well as Governmental and regulatory authorities interested in understanding the principles and practicalities of validation of alternative methods for toxicity testing.
Download or read book Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in the environment. The National Research Council was asked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to review the state of the science and create a far-reaching vision for the future of toxicity testing. The book finds that developing, improving, and validating new laboratory tools based on recent scientific advances could significantly improve our ability to understand the hazards and risks posed by chemicals. This new knowledge would lead to much more informed environmental regulations and dramatically reduce the need for animal testing because the new tests would be based on human cells and cell components. Substantial scientific efforts and resources will be required to leverage these new technologies to realize the vision, but the result will be a more efficient, informative and less costly system for assessing the hazards posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides.
Download or read book In Vitro Toxicology Second Edition written by Shayne C. Gad and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicology has made tremendous strides in the sophistication of the models used to identify and understand the mechanisms of agents that can harm or kill humand and other higher organisms. Non-animals or in vitro models started to gain significant use in the 1960s. As a result of the increased concern over animal welfare, economic factors, and the need for greater sensitivity and understanding of mechanisms, interest in in vitro^n models has risen. This volume demonstrates that there now exists a broad range of in vitro models for use in either identifying or understanding most forms of toxicity. The availability of in vitro models spans both the full range of endpoints (irritation, sensitization, lethality, mutagenicity, and devlopmental toxicity) and the full spectrum of target organ systems (skin, eye, heart, liver, kidney, nervous system, etc.). Chapters are devoted to each of these speciality areas from a perspective of presenting the principal models and their uses and limitations. Chapters that overview the principles involved in the general selection and use of models, and that address the issues of safety concerns and regulatory acceptance of these methods are also included.
Download or read book In Vitro Methods in Developmental Toxicology written by Gary L. Kimmel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1990, this text brings together the work of several investigators who used in vitro techniques to probe the nature of embryonic cell response to a diverse group of chemical agents. It focuses on the approaches, limitations, usefulness and applicability of defining mechanisms underlying altered development. This work includes discussions on pharmacodynamic principles and placental transfer mechanisms. It also examines the potential for in vitro systems to serve as an adjunct to the risk assessment process. Ideal for both the layman and the expert in this area, this volume provides a general understanding of the types of approaches that can be used and specific approaches in investigating altered development.
Download or read book In Vitro Toxicity Testing written by John M. Frazier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-01-31 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the potential application of in vitro procedures to identify and quantify the toxicological risk to target organs associated with the use of commerical products and therapeutic drugs.;Revealing how the results of in vitro toxicity testing can be used in safety assessment, In Vitro Toxicity Testing: explores whether existing test methods can accomplish the necessary goals and, if not, what research is needed to make these techniques a practical reality; presents the current status of toxicity testing in the areas of hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, ocular irritation, and many others; outlines the role of validation in technology transfer from the research laboratory to safety evaluation; examines testing strategies and regulatory acceptance and addresses common concerns about the ultimate utilization of available methods in chemical safety/hazard considerations; and analyzes the perspective of industrial and regulatory agencies on the application of in vitro toxicity testing.;Generously referenced with over 1400 literature citations, In Vitro Toxicity Testing is for academic, industrial, and regulatory toxicologists; applied, molecular, and cell biologists; pharmacologists; animal welfare activists; and graduate students in pharmacology and toxicology courses.
Download or read book Animal Experimentation Working Towards a Paradigm Change written by Kathrin Herrmann and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal experimentation has been one of the most controversial areas of animal use, mainly due to the intentional harms inflicted upon animals for the sake of hoped-for benefits in humans. Despite this rationale for continued animal experimentation, shortcomings of this practice have become increasingly more apparent and well-documented. However, these limitations are not yet widely known or appreciated, and there is a danger that they may simply be ignored. The 51 experts who have contributed to Animal Experimentation: Working Towards a Paradigm Change critically review current animal use in science, present new and innovative non-animal approaches to address urgent scientific questions, and offer a roadmap towards an animal-free world of science.
Download or read book Principles of Toxicology Testing Second Edition written by Frank A Barile and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nationally, toxicology programs have evolved from a traditional exploration of the chemistry and applied toxicity of chemicals and drugs to a more comprehensive study of toxicology and toxicology testing as independent entities. Consequently, the second edition of Principles of Toxicology Testing starts with basic toxicological principles, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of toxins, including chemicals and drugs. The book then continues with animal (in vivo) and in vitro toxicology testing methods associated with toxicological analysis and preclinical drug development. As in the first edition, the book begins with an introduction into the fundamentals of toxicology (Section I) to prepare readers for the subsequent topics and continues through with a discussion of toxicokinetics and human risk assessment. This introductory material is useful in understanding the applications of toxicology testing. Section II describes the fundamental principles of toxicology testing in animals in greater detail. This section describes acute toxicity studies as well as subchronic and chronic studies performed on animals. Special emphasis is placed on study design and determination of classical indicators for acute and chronic testing, such as the LD50. The book examines other short- and long-term animal toxicity testing methodologies, including dermal, ocular, and reproductive toxicity testing. In addition, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies are also discussed in separate chapters. Section III introduces and discusses in vitro alternatives to animal toxicology tests. This section emphasizes cell culture methodology and cellular methods for acute systemic toxicity, target organ toxicity, and local toxicity. The contributors present the advantages and disadvantages of alternative methods. They also describe the use of high-throughput screening and its applications, the concepts of standardization and validation of in vitro techniques (especially large, organized validation efforts currently supported by US and EU regulatory agencies), and the theories supporting the development of in vitro methodologies. This second edition is a must-read for undergraduate and graduate toxicology students. Industrial and academic research centers will also find the text useful for establishing a toxicology testing laboratory.
Download or read book In Vitro Methods in Aquatic Ecotoxicology written by Carmel Mothersill and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-08-14 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time, here is a book that focuses on in vitro approaches to the study of the toxicology of polluting agents (including heavy metals, radionuclides, micro-organics, estrogenic compounds, and complex mixtures) in the aquatic environment. The importance of in vitro methods is that they allow standardised techniques to be developed and validated for substance and species specific experiments in a controlled way. Also, they allow mechanistic studies without the problems of individual variation between animals and environmental stress.
Download or read book Drug Discovery Toxicology written by Yvonne Will and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 899 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a guide for pharmaceutical professionals to the issues and practices of drug discovery toxicology, this book integrates and reviews the strategy and application of tools and methods at each step of the drug discovery process. • Guides researchers as to what drug safety experiments are both practical and useful • Covers a variety of key topics – safety lead optimization, in vitro-in vivo translation, organ toxicology, ADME, animal models, biomarkers, and –omics tools • Describes what experiments are possible and useful and offers a view into the future, indicating key areas to watch for new predictive methods • Features contributions from firsthand industry experience, giving readers insight into the strategy and execution of predictive toxicology practices
Download or read book OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Guidance Document on Good In Vitro Method Practices GIVIMP written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several decades, there has been a substantial increase in the availability of in vitro test methods for evaluating chemical safety in an international regulatory context. To foster confidence in in vitro alternatives to animal testing, the test methods and conditions under which ...
Download or read book Dietary Supplements written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-03 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing consumer interest in health and fitness has expanded the market for a wide range of products, from yoga mats to the multiple dietary supplements now on the market. Supplements are popular, but are they safe? Many dietary supplements are probably safe when used as recommended. However, since 1994 when Congress decided that they should be regulated as if they were foods, they are assumed to be safe unless the Food and Drug Administration can demonstrate that they pose a significant risk to the consumer. But there are many types of products that qualify as dietary supplements, and the distinctions can become muddled and vague. Manufacturers are not legally required to provide specific information about safety before marketing their products. And the sales of supplements have been steadily increasingâ€"all together, the various types now bring in almost $16 billion per year. Given these confounding factors, what kind of information can the Food and Drug Administration use to effectively regulate dietary supplements? This book provides a framework for evaluating dietary supplement safety and protecting the health of consumers.
Download or read book In Vitro Methods in Developmental Toxicology written by Gary L. Kimmel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989-11-30 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text brings together the work of several investigators who used in vitro techniques to probe the nature of embryonic cell response to a diverse group of chemical agents. It focuses on the approaches, limitations, usefulness and applicability of defining mechanisms underlying altered development. This work includes discussions on pharmacodynamic principles and placental transfer mechanisms. It also examines the potential for in vitro systems to serve as an adjunct to the risk assessment process. Ideal for both the layman and the expert in this area, this volume provides a general understanding of the types of approaches that can be used and specific approaches in investigating altered development.
