Download or read book Impulsions laser ultrabr ves et fortement focalis es dans le vide written by Alexandre April and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les progrès dans les technologies en lien avec l'optique ultrabrève permettent désormais la génération d'impulsions laser dont la durée s'étale sur quelques cycles d'oscillation du champ électrique, qui peuvent alors être focalisées en une tache dont les dimensions sont comparables à la longueur d'onde de la lumière. Ces impulsions ultrabrèves et fortement focalisées trouvent des applications notamment en microscopie de haute résolution et en accélération d'électrons. Dans le but de caractériser le comportement spatiotemporel de telles impulsions, des expressions pour leur champ électromagnétique sont requises. Or, aucun cadre théorique rigoureux et dont l'ensemble forme un tout cohérent ne semble disponible à ce jour. Dans cette thèse, nous élaborons une stratégie simple et complète permettant de correctement modéliser la propagation dans le vide d'impulsions ultrabrèves fortement focalisées dont les champs sont solutions exactes aux équations de Maxwell. Plus précisément, nous utilisons principalement trois outils de base dont l'emploi conjoint s'avère fournir une description précise de telles impulsions : le modèle de la source ponctuelle complexe, le spectre de Poisson et la méthode des vecteurs de Hertz. Ces outils fournissent des expressions analytiques pour les composantes de champ électromagnétique d'impulsions ultrabrèves et hautement focalisées et permettent d'étudier efficacement le comportement spatiotemporel de ces impulsions. Ces expressions peuvent être mises à profit pour étudier les propriétés de focalisation de certains types de faisceaux et d'impulsions, en vue d'atteindre de nouveaux sommets en matière d'hyperrésolution. Par ailleurs, ce modèle sert déjà à caractériser avec une précision accrue des schémas d'accélération d'électrons qui exploitent des impulsions ultrabrèves fortement focalisées polarisées radialement, en particulier l'impulsion dite TMoi.

Download or read book INTERACTION D UNE IMPULSION LASER ULTRA BREVE ET ULTRA INTENSE AVEC UN PLASMA SOUS DENSE OU AVEC UN GAZ written by PIERO.. CHESSA and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ON A DEVELOPPE AU COURS DE CE TRAVAIL UN CODE DE SIMULATION NUMERIQUE BIDIMENSIONNEL CYLINDRIQUE QUI DECRIT L'INTERACTION D'IMPULSIONS LASER ULTRA-BREVES ET ULTRA-INTENSES AVEC DES GAZ OU DES PLASMAS PEU DENSES. DE PLUS, POUR PERMETTRE UNE COMPARAISON DIRECTE DES PREVISIONS THEORIQUES AVEC LES RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX, LES DIAGNOSTICS PRINCIPAUX DE LA PHYSIQUE EXPERIMENTALE DE L'INTERACTION LASER-PLASMA ONT ETE SIMULES. LE NOYAU DU CODE ADOPTE UNE DESCRIPTION PARTICULAIRE DU MILIEU DE PROPAGATION, UNE APPROXIMATION PARAXIALE POUR LA PROPAGATION DE L'ONDE ELECTROMAGNETIQUE ET UNE APPROXIMATION QUASI-STATIQUE POUR LA DESCRIPTION DE L'ACTION DE L'ONDE SUR LE MILIEU. SUR CE NOYAU ON A GREFFE UN MODULE POUR DECRIRE LA FORMATION DU PLASMA PAR IONISATION TUNNEL D'UN MILIEU GAZEUX INITIAL. ENSUITE DES IMPULSIONS LASER DE FREQUENCE DOUBLE ONT ETE AJOUTEES AU CODE AFIN DE SIMULER LA PROPAGATION DE SONDES ELECTROMAGNETIQUES COLINEAIRES AU FAISCEAU PRINCIPAL. D'AUTRES DIAGNOSTICS, TELS QUE LA DIFFUSION THOMSON A 90 DE L'AXE OPTIQUE, ONT ETE INTRODUITS. ENFIN, UN DEUXIEME CODE NUMERIQUE A ETE ELABORE POUR LA REPRISE ET LA PROPAGATION DANS LE VIDE DES ONDES ELECTROMAGNETIQUES. CES DERNIERES ONT DONC PU ETRE ANALYSEES DANS LA REGION DITE DU CHAMP LOINTAIN, C'EST-A-DIRE A L'ENDROIT OU LES DETECTEURS REELS SONT PLACES. AVEC LES OUTILS NUMERIQUES AINSI DEVELOPPES ON A PU REPRODUIRE DES RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX DIVERS, AVEC UNE PRECISION INHABITUELLE POUR LES SIMULATIONS DE LA PHYSIQUE DE L'INTERACTION LASER-PLASMA. CES RESULTATS ONT FOURNI DES INDICATIONS IMPORTANTES POUR L'INTERPRETATION ET LA CONCEPTION D'EXPERIENCES DE SILLAGE LASER ET D'AUTOFOCALISATION RELATIVISTE.

Download or read book Impulsions Laser Ultrabr ves Et Fortement Focalis es written by Alexandre April and published by Presses Academiques Francophones. This book was released on 2013-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les progres dans les technologies en lien avec l'optique ultrabreve permettent desormais la generation d'impulsions laser dont la duree s'etale sur quelques cycles d'oscillation du champ electrique, qui peuvent alors etre focalisees en une tache dont les dimensions sont comparables a la longueur d'onde de la lumiere. Pour caracteriser le comportement spatiotemporel de telles impulsions, des expressions pour leur champ electromagnetique sont requises. Or, aucun cadre theorique rigoureux et dont l'ensemble forme un tout coherent ne semble disponible a ce jour. Dans cet ouvrage, nous modelisons des impulsions ultrabreves et fortement focalisees, se propageant dans le vide, dont les champs sont solutions exactes aux equations de Maxwell. Cette modelisation exploite la methode de la source ponctuelle complexe, la methode des vecteurs de Hertz et le spectre de Poisson. Ce livre s'adresse aux personnes interessees a etudier de facon analytique le comportement spatiotemporel d'impulsions laser ultrabreves et fortement focalisees dans le vide. Ces impulsions trouvent des applications notamment en microscopie de haute resolution et en acceleration d'electrons.

Download or read book La propagation dans l air d impulsions laser ultra br ves et intenses en pr sence de plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamique mol culaire en pr sence d impulsions laser ultra br ves et super intenses written by Hakima Abou-Rachid and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ETUDE DE LA PROPAGATION D IMPULSIONS LASER ULTRA INTENSES DANS UN PLASMA SOUS DENSE EN REGIME FAIBLEMENT RELATIVISTE written by FRANCOIS.. JAKOBER and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOUS PRESENTONS DANS CE MANUSCRIT UNE ETUDE DE L'INTERACTION D'IMPULSIONS LASER ULTRA-INTENSES AVEC UN PLASMA SOUS-DENSE. NOUS NOUS SOMMES PLUS PARTICULIEREMENT INTERESSES A L'INFLUENCE DES EFFETS RELATIVISTES SUR LA PROPAGATION ET A LA MISE EN EVIDENCE DE L'AUTOFOCALISATION RELATIVISTE. CELLE-CI INTERVIENT LORSQUE LA PUISSANCE DU LASER EST SUPERIEURE A UNE PUISSANCE CRITIQUE D'AUTOFOCALISATION. POUR UNE PUISSANCE LASER INFERIEURE A CETTE PUISSANCE CRITIQUE, LA DIVERGENCE DU FAISCEAU EST REDUITE APRES INTERACTION AVEC LE PLASMA. UNE MODELISATION ANALYTIQUE ET NUMERIQUE DE L'INTERACTION MONTRE QUE LA NON-LINEARITE RELATIVISTE EST RESPONSABLE DE CET EFFET OBSERVE EXPERIMENTALEMENT. LORSQUE LA PUISSANCE LASER DEPASSE LA PUISSANCE CRITIQUE, L'AUTOFOCALISATION RELATIVISTE A PU ETRE CLAIREMENT MISE EN EVIDENCE. ALORS QUE LA FOCALISATION DU FAISCEAU DANS LE VIDE PERMET D'ATTEINDRE UN ECLAIREMENT DE 3X10#1#8 W/CM#2, LA SIMULATION DES EXPERIENCES MONTRENT QU'UN ECLAIREMENT DE 5X10#1#9 W/CM#2 EST ATTEINT DANS LE PLASMA APRES AUTOFOCALISATION. D'AUTRE PART, DES FOYERS MULTIPLES APPARAISSENT ET L'IMPULSION EST ALORS GUIDEE SUR UNE DISTANCE TRES SUPERIEURE A LA LONGUEUR DE RAYLEIGH. POUR DES IMPULSIONS D'UNE PICOSECONDE DE DUREE ET UN PLASMA D'HYDROGENE, LES IONS ONT LE TEMPS DE BOUGER PENDANT LA DUREE DE L'IMPULSION, FAVORISANT L'APPARITION D'UN CANAL DE DENSITE ELECTRONIQUE. CELUI-CI EST ALORS RESPONSABLE D'UNE ACCENTUATION DU PHENOMENE DE REDUCTION DE DIVERGENCE ET LA PUISSANCE CRITIQUE D'AUTOFOCALISATION PEUT ETRE REDUITE DANS NOS EXPERIENCES D'UN FACTEUR DEUX

Download or read book Les impulsions lasers ultra br ves written by Société française de physique and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les importants progrès, ces vingt dernières années, de la physique des impulsions lasers ultra-brèves, permettent d'étudier expérimentalement des phénomènes qui se déroulent à des échelles de temps ou d'énergie, que l'on pensait encore récemment hors de portée. On découvre chaque jour de nouvelles applications pour ces impulsions lasers ultra-brèves, qui vont de la chirurgie de l'œil à la fusion nucléaire contrôlée, en passant par des applications industrielles plus familières, dans le domaine de l'électronique ou celui de la lutte contre la contrefaçon. La production, la mesure et les applications parfois inattendues des impulsions ultra-brèves font l'objet des quatre conférences présentées dans cet ouvrage et sont suivies d'une synthèse générale. Le dialogue avec l'auditoire confirme l'intérêt des participants à ces journées d'étude. Les Entretiens de la Physique sont des manifestations annuelles, organisées conjointement par la Société Française de Physique et le Conseil National des Ingénieurs et des Scientifiques de France.

Download or read book CONTROLE ET MISE EN FORME DES FRONTS DE PHASE ET D ENERGIE D IMPULSIONS LASERS BREVES ULTRA INTENSES written by Jean-Christophe Chanteloup and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CE MEMOIRE DE THESE TRAITE DU CONTROLE ET DE LA MISE EN FORME DES FRONTS DE PHASE ET D'ENERGIE D'IMPULSIONS LASERS BREVES ULTRA-INTENSES. LA PREMIERE PARTIE EST CONSACREE A LA CONCEPTION ET LA REALISATION D'UNE BOUCLE D'OPTIQUE ADAPTATIVE POUR LA CORRECTION DES DISTORSIONS DE SURFACE D'ONDE SUR LA CHAINE LASER DE PUISSANCE 100 TERAWATTS DU LABORATOIRE POUR L'UTILISATION DES LASERS INTENSES. CETTE BOUCLE REPOSE SUR L'UTILISATION D'UN DISPOSITIF A CRISTAUX LIQUIDES COMME MODULATEUR DE PHASE ET D'UN INTERFEROMETRE A DECALAGE COMME SENSEUR DE FRONT D'ONDE. L'ASSOCIATION DE CES DEUX DISPOSITIFS A PERMIS LA CONSTRUCTION D'UN SYSTEME INNOVANT DE MESURE ET MISE EN FORME DE LA SURFACE D'ONDE D'IMPULSIONS LASERS ULTRA-INTENSES. IL EST DEMONTRE QU'IL PERMET DE CORRIGER UNE SURFACE D'ONDE PRESENTANT D'IMPORTANTES DISTORSIONS ET AINSI AMELIORER GRANDEMENT LA QUALITE DE FOCALISATION DE FAISCEAUX LASERS. CETTE BOUCLE D'OPTIQUE ADAPTATIVE A ETE TESTEE AVEC SUCCES SUR LA CHAINE 100 TERAWATTS ET UNE CORRECTION DE LA SURFACE D'ONDE DE L'ORDRE DE 60% A AINSI PU ETRE DEMONTREE. LA SECONDE PARTIE DU MEMOIRE TRAITE DE LA MISE EN FORME D'UNE IMPULSION LASER INHOMOGENE BREVE PERMETTANT LE POMPAGE DU MILIEU A GAIN (UN PLASMA) D'UN LASER A RAYONS X. L'IDEE CONSISTE A JOUER SUR LE PARALLELISME DU SYSTEME DE COMPRESSION D'IMPULSIONS UTILISE EN FIN DE CHAINE 100 TERAWATTS. UN MODELE EXPLIQUANT LA GENERATION D'UNE IMPULSION INHOMOGENE LASER BREVE A L'AIDE DE CE COMPRESSEUR A RESEAUX DE DIFFRACTION EST DEVELOPPE. UNE CAMPAGNE EXPERIMENTALE LASER X A NOTAMMENT PERMIS DE VALIDER LES PREDICTIONS THEORIQUES ANNONCEES PAR CE MODELE ET A MONTRE LA NECESSITE D'UTILISER UNE TELLE IMPULSION INHOMOGENE AFIN D'OBTENIR UNE EMISSION LASER X LORSQUE LE POMPAGE S'EFFECTUE PAR IMPULSION BREVE.

Download or read book G n ration d impulsions laser ultra br ves et ultra intenses contraste temporel lev written by Aurélie Jullien and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantum Mechanics Volume 3 written by Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new, third volume of Cohen-Tannoudji's groundbreaking textbook covers advanced topics of quantum mechanics such as uncorrelated and correlated identical particles, the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field, absorption, emission and scattering of photons by atoms, and quantum entanglement. Written in a didactically unrivalled manner, the textbook explains the fundamental concepts in seven chapters which are elaborated in accompanying complements that provide more detailed discussions, examples and applications. * Completing the success story: the third and final volume of the quantum mechanics textbook written by 1997 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues Bernard Diu and Franck Laloë * As easily comprehensible as possible: all steps of the physical background and its mathematical representation are spelled out explicitly * Comprehensive: in addition to the fundamentals themselves, the books comes with a wealth of elaborately explained examples and applications Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris where he also studied and received his PhD in 1962. In 1973 he became Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the Collège des France. His main research interests were optical pumping, quantum optics and atom-photon interactions. In 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms. Bernard Diu was Professor at the Denis Diderot University (Paris VII). He was engaged in research at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy where his focus was on strong interactions physics and statistical mechanics. Franck Laloë was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. His first assignment was with the University of Paris VI before he was appointed to the CNRS, the French National Research Center. His research was focused on optical pumping, statistical mechanics of quantum gases, musical acoustics and the foundations of quantum mechanics.

Download or read book Routledge International Handbook of Ignorance Studies written by Matthias Gross and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once treated as the absence of knowledge, ignorance today has become a highly influential topic in its own right, commanding growing attention across the natural and social sciences where a wide range of scholars have begun to explore the social life and political issues involved in the distribution and strategic use of not knowing. The field is growing fast and this handbook reflects this interdisciplinary field of study by drawing contributions from economics, sociology, history, philosophy, cultural studies, anthropology, feminist studies, and related fields in order to serve as a seminal guide to the political, legal and social uses of ignorance in social and political life. Chapter 33 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available here: https://tandfbis.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9780415718967_oachapter33.pdf

Download or read book Creating Futures written by Michel Godet and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proof Theory and Automated Deduction written by Jean Goubault-Larrecq and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in computer applications has led to a new attitude to applied logic in which researchers tailor a logic in the same way they define a computer language. In response to this attitude, this text for undergraduate and graduate students discusses major algorithmic methodologies, and tableaux and resolution methods. The authors focus on first-order logic, the use of proof theory, and the computer application of automated searches for proofs of mathematical propositions. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Physical Properties of Amorphous Materials written by David Adler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute for Amorphous Studies was founded in 1982 as the international center for the investigation of amorphous mate rials. It has since played an important role in promoting the und er standing of disordered matter in general. An Institute lecture series on "Fundamentals of Amorphous Materials and Devices" was held during 1982-83 with distinguished speakers from universities and industry. These events were free and open to the public ,and were attended by many representatives of the scientific community. The lectures themselves were highly successful inasmuch as they provided not only formal instruction but also an opportunity for vigorous and stimulating debate. That last element could not be captured within the pages of a book I but the lectures concentrated on the latest advances in the field I which is why their essential contents are he re reproduced in collective form. Together they constitute an interdisciplinary status report of the field. The speakers brought many different viewpoints and a variety of back ground experiences io bear on the problems involved I but though language and conventions vary I the essential unity of the concerns is very clear I as indeed are the ultimate benefits of the many-sided approach.

Download or read book Confronting Poverty in Iraq written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides the most comprehensive and rigorous analysis of Iraqi income and expenditure in several decades. The report makes extensive use of the Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey, the first nationwide income and expenditure survey since 1988. IHSES data is complemented income and expenditure data from a wide range of other measures of living standards, allowing us to analyze living standards in a holistic way. The analysis presented here was performed with two main goals first, to inform the Government s Poverty Reduction Strategy; and second, to serve as a baseline for future assessments of changes in living standards and the identification of critical issues for deeper examination. Iraqi living standards have two unusual characteristics. First, they have fallen over the past generation. Second, they feature surprisingly little inequality. These characteristics are both rooted in Iraq s recent history of authoritarian government, war, military occupation, insurgency, and civil strife leading to infrastructure destruction and population displacement. There have been few opportunities for individuals to prosper from professional or entrepreneurial activities. Decades of neglected investment have resulted in deterioration of social services and economic infrastructure. Consequently, individuals have lacked capabilities to prosper and an investment climate conducive to prosperity. School enrollment and life expectancy have declined. Extremely low returns to education reflect the combination of poor educational quality and lack of employment opportunities. In terms of economic infrastructure, access to reliable electricity and water, and even access to paved roads are low, are further reflections of decades of neglect. While the upper end of the distribution has been pulled down by a lack of opportunities, the lower end has been supported by direct government provision of food. The Public Distribution System (PDS) provides 85 percent of food needs. While PDS has been useful as a safety net for the poor and the vulnerable, the system is expensive, inefficient, and fiscally risky. Indeed, PDS food rations account for a far greater share of public spending than does education or health. Going forward, Iraq faces two main challenges. First, although Iraq does not have to develop from scratch, it faces a formidable challenge in re-development. Second, a shift by the Government is required from direct provision of basic subsistence toward investment in human capacities. The Government can provide an enabling environment through investments in economic infrastructure and services to business and citizens, thus allowing the population to make productive use of education and their own labor. Both challenges are now being taken up by the Poverty Reduction Strategy, which articulates a detailed set of required actions and outlines priorities for government spending.

Download or read book Conceptual Modeling for Traditional and Spatio Temporal Applications written by Christine Parent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-02 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From environmental management to land planning and geo-marketing, the number of application domains that may greatly benefit from using data enriched with spatio-temporal features is expanding very rapidly. This book shows that a conceptual design approach for spatio-temporal databases is both feasible and easy to apprehend. While providing a firm basis through extensive discussion of traditional data modeling concepts, the major focus of the book is on modeling spatial and temporal information.

Download or read book Global Warming and Climate Change written by Emma Carlson Berne and published by Referencepoint Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the world, the cause and impact of global warming and climate change is being passionately debated. While many claim that a climate crisis is imminent if greenhouse gases are not curbed, others argue that the effects have been overblown. Through objective overviews, primary sources, and full-color illustrations, this title will examine What Is Global Warming and Climate Change? What Are the Consequences of Global Warming? What Are the Controversies Surrounding Global Warming? What Are the Solutions for Global Warming?