Download or read book Improving Maize Inbred Line Selection to Develop High Yielding and Stable Single Cross Hybrids Using Plant Density as a Selection Criterion written by J. Arahon Hernandez-Guzman and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding written by Arnel R. Hallauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm
Download or read book Asian Regional Maize Workshop 10 Maize for Asia Emerging Trends and Technologies Proceedings of The Asian Regional Maize Workshop Makassar Indonesia 20 23 October 2008 written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Conventional Modified Single Seed Descent and Doubled Haploid Breeding Methods for Maize Inbred Line Development Using GEM Breeding Crosses written by McDonald Bright Jumbo and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice of germplasm combined with use of efficient breeding methods and careful evaluation are essential tools for maize inbred line and hybrid development. Breeding crosses from the G ermplasm E nhancement of M aize (GEM) project (www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem) between exotic accessions and elite Corn Belt inbreds provide a unique opportunity for broadening US Corn Belt Maize germplasm by selecting exotic alleles in an elite genetic background. Progress in GEM could be enhanced by identifying more efficient procedures for both developing inbreds and determining which of the several hundred GEM breeding crosses have the most potential for future improvement and gene discovery. The primary research objective was to compare four breeding methods for their effectiveness and efficiency for developing superior maize inbred lines and hybrids from GEM breeding crosses. In addition, the study also aimed at identifying breeding methods that could be useful for prioritizing GEM breeding crosses for further line development and trait identification. Furthermore, breeding methods were compared to determine the effectiveness of mass selection for producing more adapted genotypes from GEM breeding crosses. Four breeding methods; Conventional GEM (CG), Conventional Mass (CM), Modified Single Seed Descent (MSSD) and Doubled Haploid (DH) were compared using three GEM breeding crosses ANTIG01:N16DE4, AR16035:S0209, and DKXL212:S0943b. Results showed that more DH lines were recovered from the non-stiff stalk than from the stiff stalk breeding crosses in the DH method due to differences in chromosome doubling rather than the induction phase. Field observations showed more uniformity in the MSSD S 2 lines derived from the Stiff Stalk than the non-Stiff Stalk (ANTIG01:N16DE4) breeding cross. The testcross evaluations generally showed no method effects between breeding methods, but method effects were present in the per se agronomic evaluations. The MSSD and CM methods had a higher proportion of top five lines in the second year testcross evaluations (about one third each) based on both yield and yield/moisture performance compared to the CG and DH methods. Hybrids from MSSD lines tended to have higher grain moisture than hybrids from the CG, CM and DH methods, but MSSD hybrids with high yield/moisture could be selected. The MSSD method may be an effective and efficient alternative to both pedigree and DH methods for developing high performing lines from the GEM breeding crosses.
Download or read book Evaluation of Tolerance to High Plant Densities and Plant Efficiency of Maize Breeding Population Developed by Recurrent Selection of Grain Yield written by T.M. Crosbie and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several recurrent relection schemes are being used to improve grain-yield performance of several maize (Zea mays L.) populations at the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station. Three cycles of reciprocal full-sib selection in Iowa Two-ear Synthetic [BS10(FR)] and Pioneer Twc-ear Composite [BS11(FR)], seven cycels of reciprocal recurrent selection in Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic [BSSS(R)], Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic #1 [BSCB1(R)], and five cycels of half-sib recurrent selection in Lancaster Surecrop 9LANC) with maize inbred, Hy, as tester have been completed. I grew testcrosses of unimproved and improved populations of BS10(FR), BS11(FR), BSSS(R), BSCB1(R) And LANC, plus population crosses (i.e., CO X CO, CN X CN) of BS10(FR) X BS11(FR) and BSSS(R) X BSCB1(R) at three plant densities in three environments. Testers were maize inbreds Mo17, B77, and B79, My research was conducted: (1) to evaluate respones to plant densities of the CO and CN populations, (2) to study changes in several morphological and physiological traits associated with recurrent selection for increased grain yield, and (3) to caompare results obtained for testcrosses and populations crosses to evaluate combining ability for grain yield, density tolerance, and physiological traits. Reciprocal full-sib selection did not improve the response to plant densities of testcrosses and population crosses of BS10(FR) and BS11(FR). Furthermore, selection did not increase grain yield of BS10(FR) X BS11(FR) at 39.5 and 79.0 M plants/ha or of (...).
Download or read book The Development of Early Maturing High Yielding Corn Hybrids by Using LGR leaf Growth Rate as the Selection Criterion written by Bülent Samanci and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improvement of Quality Traits of Maize for Grain and Silage Use written by W.G. Pollmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1980 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Seminar in the EEC Programme of Coordination of Research on Plant Protein Improvement
Download or read book The Evaluation of Full sib Hybrids for Synthetic Maize Population Improvement written by Scott Charles Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple trait selection was also emphasized for C13. A selection index was developed to permit selection for increased grain yield and reduced plant height. Tandem selections were conducted to differentiate hybrids with high grain yield and hybrids that show a high level of resistance to Northern corn leaf blight (Helminthosporium exserohilum). The component parents of these selections may be utilized as sources of disease resistance and incorporated into existing breeding populations, new breeding populations, or inbred lines.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International testing Evaluating and distributing maize germplasm products written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1993 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marker assisted Selection and Prediction of Hybrid Performance in Maize written by Buppa Kongsamai and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, MAS was applied to select the superior individuals from a single-cross hybrid population in maize. The 133 single-crosses, developed by random crossing between the recombinant inbred lines of the B73xDe811 (F6[Subscript :]-- ) and Mo17xH99 (F6[Subscript :]) population, were evaluated in 2001 and 2002. Eight economically important traits were recorded on a plot mean basis. The first study involved the comparison of the predictive ability of four predictive models for assessing genetic values of individual single-crosses for each trait. Four predictive models including principal component regression (PCR) and stepwise regression (STR) with the individual and integrated marker data from parental populations (ind-PCR, int-PCR, ind-STR, and int-STR) were compared. The result showed that the int-PCR model was the best model in predicting genetic values of individuals with minimizing the integrated means square error (IMSE) and maximizing coefficient of the correlation between the observed and the predicted values (r̄[Subscript op]) for tested and untested individuals. The int-PCR model was then used for estimating genetic values (marker scores) of individual single-crosses in the second study, where the objective of the second study was to compare the efficiency of MAS to phenotypic selection (PS) when selection was performed for each trait. Four selection schemes were used: (1) selection based on phenotype only (PS); (2) selection based on marker scores only (MS); (3) selection based on the combination of marker score and phenotype via selection indices (MPS); and (4) tandem marker scores and phenotypic selection (TMPS). Each was applied in selecting 20 individuals with the best performance for each trait of interest. The results showed that all selection schemes were successful in selecting the superior individuals according to their selection differentials and responses to selection. MS was inferior to PS in most cases. While TMPS and MPS appeared to be as effective as or better than PS in selecting for superior individuals according to their responses to selection, their percentages of selected lines in common with PS, and their theoretical efficiency in genetic improvement relative to PS, particularly for the traits with low heritability, i.e., root and stalk lodging.
Download or read book Direct and Correlated Response to Recurrent Selection for Grain Yield in Maize Breeding Populations written by M.A.B. Fakorede and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. G. F. Sprague initiated recurrent selection programs during the 1940' and 1950' to improve the grain-yield performance of several maize (Zea mays L.) population at the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiments Station. Seven cycles of reciprocal recurrent selections (RRS) in Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic #1 (BSCB1), and six cycles of recurrent half-sib selection (HS) in the open-pollinated variety 'Alph'(i.e., BS12) have been completed. Inbred B14 was the tester in the HS program. My objectives were to (1) evaluate progress that resulted from the RRS and HS programs and (2) evaluate changes in several other traits associated with recurrent selection for grain yield. I evaluated the CO x CO, C5, and C7 x C7 of the RRS program, and CO and C6 of the HS program, each testcrossed to B14A. Estimated gain from seven cycles of RRS was 2.06 q/ha (or 5.21%) per cycle and observed difference in mean yield between CO and C6 of the program was 2.25 q/ha (or 6.00%) per cycle. Improved hybrids outyield their unimproved counterparts at all levels of nitrogen (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N/ha) and plant density (39,000; 59,300; 79,000; and 98,800 plants/ha) investigated. Each hybrid displayed a positive, curvilinear response to nitrogen and a negative, linear response to plant density. Stability and adaptation-reaction analysis revealed that improved hybrids consistently demonstrated greater adaptation to high-nitrogen environments, but their unimproved counterparts did not take (...).
Download or read book Evaluation of Three Methods of Inbred Line Development in Two Maize Populations written by Gbadebo Olaoye and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Breeding Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resource Allocation and Genomic Prediction in Maize Zea Mays L Hybrid Breeding and a Genetic Analysis of Pericarp Pigmentation written by Dylan Schoemaker and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize (Zea mays L.) is a globally important crop species sold as a hybrid and is a model system for both genetics and plant breeding research. The maize breeding process involves identification of new inbred lines, followed by the identification and production of commercial hybrids from crosses of inbreds. Genomic selection and evaluation of hybrid phenotypes are important components of this process. In this dissertation, I use a large multi-environment trial dataset to explore the impact of resource allocation when developing genomic prediction models. Resource-efficient training sets can be developed using three to five environments and a single tester to predict both plant height and grain yield. A second study in my dissertation focused on prediction of hybrid combinations and the importance of general and specific combining ability in identifying new hybrids. The results demonstrated that hybrids with the greatest grain yield result from parents with a high general combining ability, but hybrids with the greatest performance may not have the largest specific combining ability deviation. Therefore, modeling only additive genetic relationships can lead to an accurate genomic prediction model during early-stage testing in a hybrid maize breeding program. The third study in my dissertation was a genetic analysis of pericarp pigmentation in progenies of commercial dent germplasm. Allelic variation at the well-studied pericarp color1 (P1) locus was significantly associated with pericarp pigmentation. The results from these projects provide novel insight into the design of hybrid breeding programs and the allocation of resources when implementing genomic selection. The research also provides candidate genes for geneticists or maize breeders to aid in the development of inbred lines with novel pericarp hues and elite agronomic characteristics.
Download or read book Maize Stress Breeding and Genetics written by Saif ul Malook and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty inbreeding lines of Zea mays were screened in a glasshouse. Eight best performing lines were selected based on nine traits screened to cross with testers. The resulting F1 hybrids were screened in the field for their performance. Root and shoot length ratio, fresh shoot weight, dry root weight, and dry shoot weight were the most important traits to be used as criteria in selecting drought tolerance maize genotypes. Principal component analysis suggested that K55TMS, OH3A54, W187R, A556, WA3748, WM13RA and A545 performed the best under normal and drought conditions. High heritability and genetic advance was found for plant height, 100-grain weight, grain rows per plant and grain yield per plant, suggesting that selection of high yielding maize genotypes is possible through this approach. High specific combining ability of W64SP, A495, A509 and A50-2 suggested pre-screening of inbred lines that the inbred lines may be an efficient approach to develop higher yielding maize hybrids through heterosis breeding under drought.
Download or read book Characterization of Maize Inbreds in Testcrosses for Plant and Ear Characters and Yield at Varying Plant Densities and Effectiveness of Selection in Successive Generations of Inbred Progenies for Improvement of Hybrid Yields written by Mohamed El-Lakany and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
