Download or read book Improved Two Color Pyrometry Diagnostic for Spatiotemporally Resolved Measurements in Diesel Like Fuel Sprays written by Shawn Andres Reggeti and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compression ignition (diesel) engine continues to be an attractive option for vehicle powertrains, particularly in heavy- and medium-duty transportation. While offering many operational advantages including a high power output per unit weight, quick refueling capabilities, and reliability; the diesel engine is prone to produce significant emissions. Chief among these emissions are soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Combustion techniques that reduce soot tend to increase NOx and vice versa requiring an acceptable soot-NOx tradeoff. The optimization of this tradeoff has been a challenge in recent decades with the advent of advanced combustion strategies and alternative fuels. Soot measurements at engine relevant conditions are the focus of this work and critical to building understanding of these complex phenomena and to evaluate potential solutions. Two-color pyrometry (2CP) has been used over several decades to study engine-relevant combustion processes, but results are generally regarded as qualitative or semi-quantitative. The objective of this work is to advance the 2CP diagnostic to achieve reliable, spatially-resolved measurements of the soot in diesel-like fuel sprays. This outcome is accomplished by 1) developing a new optical design for 2CP to overcome common measurement errors in other designs, 2) performing a detailed uncertainty analysis to quantify errors, and 3) applying the new 2CP system to statistically analyze the soot behavior in a diesel-like fuel spray. First, a novel optical configuration was developed and constructed from off-the-shelf components to eliminate systematic errors of previous designs. In many current 2CP systems, large measurement errors can be introduced by parallax because lines of sight (LsOS) of the two wavelengths are not the same. The modified optical hardware, was shown to accurately resolve corresponding pixels at both wavelengths of a high-resolution optical target, indicating that the LsOS for both wavelengths are the same. Next, an experimental investigation of reacting diesel-like fuel sprays revealed steady experiment conditions with repeatable global parameters of combustion. Despite the similarity of global behavior across injections, significant spatial variation of soot was observed between repeated injection experiments. Computed average turbulent flame speed for each injection suggests that initial reaction rates, which are a function of local equivalence ratio, determine the variation. Motivated by the spatial variations of soot observed across injections, the 2CP technique was further refined for quantitative, spatially resolved measurements. A pixel-by-pixel calibration was applied to account for any non-uniformities in sensor response, increasing accuracy of the computed soot quantities at each pixel. Uncertainty analysis determined the reliability of each individual measurement. This study found that the largest relative uncertainties are associated with low soot concentrations. Highly uncertain soot measurements typically occur on the edges of the diffusion flame where is soot is most likely to be oxidized. However, these highly uncertain data had marginal impact on the total soot mass produced in the flame. Finally, a large 500-injection data set employed all the previously developed 2CP diagnostic capabilities to evaluate spatiotemporal sooting behavior in a diesel-like spray flame. Focusing on the gaps in the literature for temporal development of soot and detailed study of the statistical variability between injections, this work provides insights on soot formation in key regions: lift-off, core, and jet head. Total soot contribution from binned individual soot mass values indicate that large soot masses take longer to form, but are the first to oxidize. Overall, the majority of injections produced low soot, but a few produced exceptionally high soot by comparison.
Download or read book Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and Development written by H Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct injection enables precise control of the fuel/air mixture so that engines can be tuned for improved power and fuel economy, but ongoing research challenges remain in improving the technology for commercial applications. As fuel prices escalate DI engines are expected to gain in popularity for automotive applications. This important book, in two volumes, reviews the science and technology of different types of DI combustion engines and their fuels. Volume 1 deals with direct injection gasoline and CNG engines, including history and essential principles, approaches to improved fuel economy, design, optimisation, optical techniques and their applications. - Reviews key technologies for enhancing direct injection (DI) gasoline engines - Examines approaches to improved fuel economy and lower emissions - Discusses DI compressed natural gas (CNG) engines and biofuels
Download or read book Mike Busch on Engines written by Mike Busch and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-12 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The risk of engine failure is greatest when your engine is young, NOT when it's old. You should worry more about pediatrics than geriatrics." -Mike Busch A&P/IA Mike Busch on Engines expands the iconoclastic philosophy of his groundbreaking first book Manifesto to the design, operation, condition monitoring, maintenance and troubleshooting of piston aircraft engines. Busch begins with the history and theory of four-stroke spark-ignition engines. He describes the construction of both the "top end" (cylinders) and "bottom end" (inside the case), and functioning of key systems (lubrication, ignition, carburetion, fuel injection, turbocharging). He reviews modern engine leaning technique (which your POH probably has all wrong), and provides a detailed blueprint for maximizing the life of your engine. The second half presents a 21st-century approach to health assessment, maintenance, overhaul and troubleshooting. Busch explains how modern condition monitoring tools-like borescopy, oil analysis and digital engine monitor data analysis-allow you to extend engine life and overhaul strictly on-condition rather at an arbitrary TBO. The section devoted to troubleshooting problems like rough running, high oil consumption, temperamental ignition and turbocharging issues is worth its weight in gold. If you want your engine to live long and prosper, you need this book.
Download or read book Warrior Medic written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seaplane Floats and Hulls written by H. Herrmann and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phonetics Theory and Application written by William R. Tiffany and published by McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages. This book was released on 1977 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies on the Polymorphs of HMX written by Howard H. Cady and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution Control Engineering written by Noel de Nevers and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2010-05-07 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution control can be approached from a number of different engineering disciplines environmental, chemical, civil, and mechanical. To that end, Noel de Nevers has written an engaging overview of the subject. While based on the fundamentals of chemical engineering, the treatment is accessible to readers with only one year of college chemistry. In addition to discussions of individual air pollutants and the theory and practice of air pollution control devices, de Nevers devotes about half the book to topics that influence device selection and design, such as atmospheric models and U.S. air pollution law. The generous number of end-of-chapter problems are designed to develop more complex thinking about the concepts presented and integrate them with readers personal experienceincreasing the likelihood of deeper understanding.
Download or read book Spark Discharge written by YuriP. Raizer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spark Discharge is a first-of-its-kind text, providing a comprehensive and systematic description of the spark breakdown of long gas gaps. It discusses the nature of a long spark, physical peculiarities of relevant gas discharge processes, methods and results of experimental studies, and analytical and numerical models. The most important applications in high-voltage engineering are covered in a single volume. The straightforward presentation of complicated materials, the deep insight into the nature of the processes, and the simplified mathematical descriptions of the phenomena, make Spark Discharge an excellent textbook for students and an indispensable reference for researchers, physicists, and engineers.
Download or read book Photochemistry and Reaction Kinetics written by T. M. Sugden and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-24 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines very simple atomic reactions to more complex chain reactions involving combustion, flame and the production of polymers.
Download or read book Turbulent Flows written by Zied Driss and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turbulent flow means fluid flow in which the fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations. Understanding the turbulent behaviour in flowing fluids is one of the most intriguing and important problems that have been the focus of research for decades due to its great importance in a variety of engineering applications. Common examples of turbulent flow include atmospheric and ocean currents, flow through turbines and pumps, blood flow in arteries, oil transport in pipelines, lava flow, and the flow in boat wakes and around aircraft wing tips, etc. In the present book, we focus on areas of current turbulence research. Recent progress on modelling and analysis of turbulent flows is reviewed, and likely directions for future research on these topics are indicated. This text is unusual in as much as it provides both general commentaries as well as recent specialized developments in the field of turbulence modelling.
Download or read book CITIES written by Luis Hernández-Callejo and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects important contributions on smart cities. This book was created in collaboration with the ICSC-CITIES2020, held in San José (Costa Rica) in 2020. This book collects articles on: energetic efficiency and sustainability; infrastructures, energy and the environment; mobility and IoT; governance and citizenship.
Download or read book Photon Activation Analysis written by Christian Segebade and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mining Technologies Innovative Development written by Dawid Szurgacz and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book covers the main challenges, important for future prospects of subsoils extraction as a public effective and profitable business, as well as technologically advanced industry. In the near future, the mining industry must overcome the problems of structural changes in raw materials demand and raise the productivity up to the level of high-tech industries to maintain the profits. This means the formation of a comprehensive and integral response to such challenges as the need for innovative modernization of mining equipment and an increase in its reliability, the widespread introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies in the activities of mining enterprises, the transition to "green mining" and the improvement of labor safety and avoidance of man-made accidents. The answer to these challenges is impossible without involving a wide range of scientific community in the publication of research results and exchange of views and ideas. To solve the problem, this book combines the works of researchers from the world's leading centers of mining science on the development of mining machines and mechanical systems, surface and underground geotechnology, mineral processing, digital systems in mining, mine ventilation and labor protection, and geo-ecology. A special place among them is given to post-mining technologies research.
