Download or read book Implementation and Evaluation of Thermal Avoidance Strategies in Arid Cost constrained Climates Aimed at Improving Indoor Thermal Comfort written by Johnathan James Kongoletos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of air conditioning in the buildings sector has been rapidly increasing. The International Energy Agency projects that rising income and greater access to air conditioning equipment in many developing countries will increase CO2-equivalent emissions, energy consumption, and urban heat island effects. India is a prime example of a region where new building trends, hot climatic conditions, increasing social aspirations, and rapid population growth is likely to spread the adoption of air conditioning. To reduce the need for air conditioning, the research team has worked to develop, implement, and evaluate methods to reduce temperatures within the built environment using largely passive means. Building on the past work of Nelson and Gradillas, the thesis presents the results of long-term temperature monitoring within four homes in Bhuj, India. Results from the collective work have helped to inform future designs for the region, and resulted in an innovative roof concept. Using scale models, thermal simulations, and full-scale housing, results from the thesis explore new methods of implementing solutions for reduced solar heat gain, reduced heat absorption, and increased heat rejection. The research concludes by presenting early work on additional techniques and implications of using indigenous products to better thermal comfort conditions. Applicable outside of India, the techniques can be utilized in other regions and climates, as well as concurrently with active cooling systems to reduce energy consumption or extend existing capacity. Further work will seek to improve the design and adaptability of the system to different regions.
Download or read book Standards for Thermal Comfort written by M. Humphreys and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Standards for Indoor Air Temperature are inappropriate in many regions of the world. This forces designers to use highly serviced buildings to achieve air temperatures that accord with the standards to the detriment of the local and global environment. Standards for Thermal Comfort brings together contributions from around the world, reflecting new approaches to the setting of standards which can apply to all climates and cultures.
Download or read book Adaptive Thermal Comfort Principles and Practice written by Fergus Nicol and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental function of buildings is to provide safe and healthy shelter. For the fortunate they also provide comfort and delight. In the twentieth century comfort became a 'product' produced by machines and run on cheap energy. In a world where fossil fuels are becoming ever scarcer and more expensive, and the climate more extreme, the challenge of designing comfortable buildings today requires a new approach. This timely book is the first in a trilogy from leaders in the field which will provide just that. It explains, in a clear and comprehensible manner, how we stay comfortable by using our bodies, minds, buildings and their systems to adapt to indoor and outdoor conditions which change with the weather and the climate. The book is in two sections. The first introduces the principles on which the theory of adaptive thermal comfort is based. The second explains how to use field studies to measure thermal comfort in practice and to analyze the data gathered. Architects have gradually passed responsibility for building performance to service engineers who are largely trained to see comfort as the ‘product’, designed using simplistic comfort models. The result has contributed to a shift to buildings that use ever more energy. A growing international consensus now calls for low-energy buildings. This means designers must first produce robust, passive structures that provide occupants with many opportunities to make changes to suit their environmental needs. Ventilation using free, natural energy should be preferred and mechanical conditioning only used when the climate demands it. This book outlines the theory of adaptive thermal comfort that is essential to understand and inform such building designs. This book should be required reading for all students, teachers and practitioners of architecture, building engineering and management – for all who have a role in producing, and occupying, twenty-first century adaptive, low-carbon, comfortable buildings.
Download or read book Adaptive Thermal Comfort of Indoor Environment for Residential Buildings written by David Bienvenido-Huertas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is structured in four parts: First, it analyzes the sustainability objectives established for the building stock and the importance of thermal comfort in this aspect. Second, the existing adaptive thermal comfort models and the main energy-saving measures associated with these models are analyzed. Third, the energy savings obtained with these measures are analyzed in several case studies, comparing the results obtained with other energy conservation measures, such as the improvement of the façade. The analysis is carried out from an energy and economic perspective. Finally, a decision‐making process based on fuzzy logic is established. As an expected result, the content of the book contributes to assist architects in designing more efficient buildings from the perspective of user behavior.
Download or read book Adaptive Thermal Comfort Foundations and Analysis written by Michael Humphreys and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been widespread dissatisfaction with accepted models for predicting the conditions that people will find thermally comfortable in buildings. These models require knowledge about clothing and activity, but can give little guidance on how to quantify them in any future situation. This has forced designers to make assumptions about people’s future behaviour based on very little information and, as a result, encouraged static design indoor temperatures. This book is the second in a three volume set covering all aspects of Adaptive Thermal Comfort. The first part narrates the development of the adaptive approach to thermal comfort from its early beginnings in the 1960s. It discusses recent work in the field and suggests ways in which it can be developed and modelled. Such models can be used to set dynamic, interactive standards for thermal comfort which will help overcome the problems inherited from the past. The second part of the volume engages with the practical and theoretical problems encountered in field studies and in their statistical analysis, providing guidance towards their resolution, so that valid conclusions may be drawn from such studies.
Download or read book Using Occupant Feedback in Model Predictive Control for Indoor Thermal Comfort and Energy Optimization written by Xiao Chen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Buildings are our society's biggest energy users. Reducing building energy consumption and creating a better indoor thermal environment have becoming a more and more important topic among policy makers, building scientists/engineers, and the masses. To achieve this target, great efforts have been made in several aspects including but not limited to using better thermal insulation materials, integrating renewable power sources, developing intelligent buildings, and creating better and more efficient building climate control systems.With the ever increasing computation power, advancements in building modeling and simulation, and accurate weather forecast, model predictive control (MPC) reveals its power as one of the best control methods in building climate control to save energy and maintain high level of indoor comfort. Although many researchers have investigated extensively on how to use building's active or passive thermal storage along with accurate weather forecast and occupants' schedule prediction to reduce energy consumption or shift loads, not much research has been done on how a better thermal comfort model used in MPC would help reducing energy usage and improve comfort level. Furthermore, unlike lighting control in which occupants have plenty of opportunities to adjust lights and blinds so that visual comfort can be improved, centralized and automated building thermal control systems take away users' ability to intervene the control system directly. In this dissertation, we study occupant augmented MPC control design in which feedback information from occupants is used to adaptively update the prediction given by a data-driven dynamic thermal sensation model. It is demonstrated both in simulation and chamber experiment that including users directly in the feedback loop of MPC control design provides opportunity to significantly save energy and still maintain thermal comfort. We propose a data-driven state-space dynamic thermal sensation (DTS) model based on data collected in a chamber experiment. The developed model takes air temperature as input, and the occupant actual mean thermal sensation vote as an output. To account for cases in which indoor environmental or occupant associated conditions deviate from the nominal condition conducted in the chamber experiment, a time-varying offset parameter in the model is adaptively estimated by an extended Kalman filter using feedback information from occupants.We develop two different MPC controls based on the proposed DTS model: a certainty equivalence MPC and a chance constrained MPC. By using this thermal comfort model in the MPC design, users are included directly in the feedback loop. We compare the DTS model based MPC with predicted mean vote (PMV) model based MPC. Simulation results demonstrate that an MPC based on occupant feedback can be expected to produce better energy and thermal comfort outcomes than an MPC based on PMV model. The proposed chance-constrained MPC is designed to allow specifying the probability of violation of thermal comfort constraint, so that a balance between energy saving and thermal comfort can be achieved.The DTS model based MPC is evaluated in chamber experiment. A hierarchical control strategy is used. On the high level, MPC calculates optimal supply air temperature of the chamber's HVAC system. On the low level, the actual supply air temperature of the HVAC system is controlled by the chiller and heater using PI control to achieve the optimal level set by the high level. Results from experiments show that the DTS-based MPC with occupant feedback provides the opportunity to reduce energy consumption significantly while maintain occupant thermal comfort.
Download or read book The Dynamics and Mechanism of Human Thermal Adaptation in Building Environment written by Maohui Luo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on human adaptive thermal comfort in the building environment and the balance between reducing building air conditioning energy and improving occupants thermal comfort. It examines the mechanism of human thermal adaptation using a newly developed adaptive heat balance model, and presents pioneering findings based on an on online survey, real building investigation, climate chamber experiments, and theoretical models. The book investigates three critical issues related to human thermal adaptation: (i) the dynamics of human thermal adaptation in the building environment; (ii) the basic rules and effects of human physiological acclimatization and psychological adaptation; and (iii) a new, adaptive, heat balance model describing behavioral adjustment, physiological acclimatization, psychological adaptation, and physical improvement effects. Providing the basis for establishing a more reasonable adaptive thermal comfort model, the book is a valuable reference resource for anyone interested in future building thermal environment evaluation criteria.
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Resilient Thermal Comfort written by Fergus Nicol and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book brings together some of the finest academics in the field to address important questions around the way in which people experience their physical environments including temperature, light, air-quality, acoustics and so forth. It is of importance not only to the comfort people feel indoors, but also the success of any building as an environment for its stated purpose. The way in which comfort is produced and perceived also has a profound effect on the energy use of a building and its resilience to the increasing dangers posed by extreme weather events, and power outages caused by climate change. Research on thermal comfort is particularly important not only for the health and well-being of occupants but because energy used for temperature control is responsible for a large part of the total energy budget of the built environment. In recent years there has been an increasing focus on the vulnerabilities of the thermal comfort system, how and why are buildings failing to provide safe and agreeable thermal environments at an affordable price? Achieving comfort in buildings is a complex subject that involves physics, behaviour, physiology, energy conservation, climate change, and of course architecture and urban design. Bringing together the related disciplines in one volume lays strong, multi-disciplinary foundations for new research and design directions for resilient 21st century architecture. This book heralds' workable solutions and emerging directions for key fields in building the resilience of households, organisation and populations in a heating world"--
Download or read book Thermal Comfort Assessment of Buildings written by Salvatore Carlucci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of metrics for assessing human thermal response to climatic conditions have been proposed in scientific literature over the last decades. They aim at describing human thermal perception of the thermal environment to which an individual or a group of people is exposed. More recently, a new type of “discomfort index” has been proposed for describing, in a synthetic way, long-term phenomena. Starting from a systematic review of a number of long-term global discomfort indices, they are then contrasted and compared on a reference case study in order to identify their similarities and differences and strengths and weaknesses. Based on this analysis, a new short-term local discomfort index is proposed for the American Adaptive comfort model. Finally, a new and reliable long-term general discomfort index is presented. It is delivered in three versions and each of them is suitable to be respectively coupled with the Fanger, the European Adaptive and the American Adaptive comfort models.
Download or read book Thermal Comfort in Outdoor Urban Spaces written by Faisal Aljawabra and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Limits of Thermal Comfort written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermal Comfort in Outdoor Urban Spaces written by Faisal F. Aljawabra and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating the Relationship of Outdoor Heat Stress Upon Indoor Thermal Comfort and Qualitative Sleep Evaluation the Case of Ankara written by Merve Münevver Ahan and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The necessity of exploring the relationship between sleep quality and the thermal environment has amplified regarding increasing heat stress risk on the human body due to climate change, particularly in vulnerable uninsulated buildings in Ankara. Within this scope, this study investigated occupants' sleep quality and human thermal comfort in insulated and uninsulated buildings under three local extreme heat event thresholds: (1) typical summer days (TSD25), (2) very hot days (VHD33), and lastly, (3) heat wave events (HWE31). Within a two-tiered approach to thermal comfort evaluations, the human thermal comfort of occupants was identified through the calculation of physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) from the climatic data of local meteorological stations. The psychological thermal comfort and sleep quality of participants were evaluated by questionnaires during each heat event. The results of this study demonstrated that the physiological thermal load of the participants was highest during VHD33s, given that both outdoor and indoor PET values presented their highest values within VHD33 events. Furthermore, the outdoor PET values reached extreme heat stress based on physiological stress grades with 43.5 °C, which indicated the exacerbated vulnerability of Ankara during extreme heat events. The PET values were consistently higher in uninsulated buildings than in insulated buildings. Also, most of the mean psychological thermal comfort votes and sleep quality votes were better in uninsulated buildings than in insulated ones during TSD25s and HWE31s, while it was the opposite within extreme conditions of VHD33s. The outputs of this study contribute to interdisciplinary efforts to attenuate the existing and impending risks of climate change on human life by defining the influence of increasing outdoor heat stress on indoor spaces, thermal comfort, and the sleep quality of occupants
Download or read book Indoor Thermal Comfort written by Francesca Romana D'Ambrosio and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the century begins, natural resources are under increasing pressure, threatening public health and development. As a result, the balance between man and nature has been disrupted, with climatic changes whose effects are starting to be irreversible. Due to the relationship between the quality of the indoor built environment and its energy demand, thermal comfort issues are still relevant in the disciplinary debate. This is also because the indoor environment has a potential impact on occupants' health and productivity, affecting their physical and psychological conditions. To achieve a sustainable compromise in terms of comfort and energy requirements, several challenging questions must be answered with regard to design, technical, engineering, psychological, and physiological issues and, finally, potential interactions with other IEQ issues that require a holistic way to conceive the building envelope design. This Special Issue collected original research and review articles on innovative designs, systems, and/or control domains that can enhance thermal comfort, work productivity, and wellbeing in a built environment, along with works considering the integration of human factors in buildings' energy performance.
Download or read book Thermal Comfort written by P. O. Fanger and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cooling Energy Solutions For Buildings And Cities written by Mat Santamouris and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first book of its kind, this volume addresses the problem of the future cooling energy demand, the global frame defining the actual and future cooling energy consumption in the building sector. Based on the explored inputs and forecasts, a model was developed to predict the future cooling energy consumption of both the residential and commercial sector. Low energy, high-performance technological solutions for cooling energy problem in the building and city level will be presented.
Download or read book Management of Legionella in Water Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.
