Download or read book Impacts of Road Salt Runoff on Wetlands and Its Effects on the Development and Survival of Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica Tadpoles written by Jane L. Murawski and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".

Download or read book Carry Over Effects of Elevated Salinity and Temperature on Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica Survival Growth and Behavior written by Bernardo A. Traversari and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenically-induced salinization of freshwater systems due to the application of road de-icing salts and hydrocarbon mining has been identified as a significant environmental stressor for amphibians across the United States. While the effects of salinity during amphibian embryonic and larval stages are fairly well-understood, less is known on whether these effects can carry over to affect post-metamorphic traits. Moreover, it remains unclear if salinity-induced carry-over effects are adaptive or maladaptive for amphibian survival, or if salinity can interact with other environmental conditions, like temperature, to influence amphibian development. To fill in these gaps, we tested the hypothesis that if wood frogs that develop in saline ponds exhibit adaptive plasticity in their osmoregulatory abilities, then individuals raised in elevated salinity environments as larvae would feature greater tolerance to similarly saline post-metamorphic environments (i.e., the match hypothesis). In addition, we also hypothesized that exposure to elevated salinity and temperature during larval development would have measurable impacts on juvenile behaviors. Our results provided no evidence for the match hypothesis, as juveniles reared in high salinities did not survive or grow better in high-salinity soils compared with those in low-salinity soils. However, we do show that juveniles that experienced elevated salinity as larvae tended to increase weight (but not SVL) regardless of post-metamorphic environment, suggesting that there may be differences in food intake or osmoregulation in these animals. We also showed that the interaction between salinity and temperature experienced during the larval stage affects wood frog explorative capacity without necessarily impacting exploitative behavior, providing evidence for behavioral carry-over effects. Taken together, these findings contribute to a growing body of work to show that the larval environment can affect the expression of physiological and behavioral traits after metamorphosis, but how these traits relate to population recruitment still needs to be investigated. Findings from this study also suggests that salinization of both freshwater and woodland soils adjacent to roads has adverse effects on wood frogs in both the aquatic and terrestrial parts of their life cycle.

Download or read book Effects of Copper and Light Exposure on the Development and Survival of the Wood Frog Tadpole Rana Sylvatica written by Colleen C. R. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both concern over amphibian declines (Dunson et al., 1992; Blaustein, 1994) and the potential of amphibians as indicators (Phillips, 1990; Dunson et al., 1992; Boyer and Grue, 1995) of ecosystem health provided the impetus for this study. Utilizing amphibians as indicator species is comparable to the use of "canaries in a coal mine" when assessing the quality of an aquatic environment (Barinaga, 1990). Embryos, tadpoles, and adults are considered to be sensitive to environmental contaminants in part due to their unshelled eggs and permeable skins (Bridges et al., 2002; Blaustein et al., 2003; Kiesecker et al., 2004; Hogan et al., 2006). Amphibians offer a unique biphasic life cycle for studying water and land habitats as well as the interactions between the two environments. This study investigated the interaction between two human-mediated environmental changes on the development of a common North American anuran, (Rana sylvatica) the Wood Frog. Anthropogenic changes have increased copper and sunlight in many amphibian habitats. Human disturbance often leads to a decrease in canopy cover, which thereby reduces shade for developing embryos and tadpoles of certain anuran species within the aquatic environments below (Werner and Glennemeier, 1999; Skelly et al., 2002). Water runoff from impermeable surfaces and agricultural and residential properties transport toxins and excess nutrients into bodies of water, leading to algal blooms. In ponds, a common algaecide utilized to eliminate the ensuing blooms is copper sulfate. This work investigated the effects of copper sulfate and increased solar radiation on the developmental rate and survival of Wood Frog tadpoles in high pH ponds. pH levels in Northeastern Ohio ponds are higher (7.0-8.5; Matson et al., unpublished data, 2006) than in many other areas of Wood Frog study and research is lacking in non-lab environments at these pH levels. A field study used cattle tanks for testing the influence of increased light, increased copper, and for interactions between these environmental perturbations. Copper was a significant source of variation in measures of tadpole developmental rate and marginally significant in tadpole survival. Shade was not a significant source of variation in survival, but did significantly slow development. In addition, copper and shade interacted in their effect on developmental rate as measured by an increase in body mass in ambient copper treatments. These results are beneficial in understanding whether the use of copper sulfate is a contributor to amphibian decline.

Download or read book Spatial Ecology of the Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica written by Lauri Kealoha Freidenburg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pollutant Impacts on the Distribution of Wood Frogs rana Sylvatica Associated with Stormwater Management Ponds written by Matthew T. Gallagher and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geographic Variation in the Effects of Hydroperiods on Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica Tadpoles written by Anna Brichetto and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Response of Larval Wood Frogs Rana Sylvatica to Changes in Detrital Quality Driven by Anthropogenic Effects in Ephemeral Ponds written by Jeffrey Patrick Stephens and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibian populations worldwide are in decline due to anthropogenic drivers. However, little is known about how changes to the larval environment may affect survival and future recruitment of the species specifically in those environments whose energetics are subsidized by allochthonous input such as litterfall. Using a manipulative mesocosms experment I found that changes in litter type had dramatic and differential affects on all levels of the mesocosm ecosystem including water chemistry, primary producer biomass, and on larval wood frog Rana sylvatica fitness traits. Notably, we found that senescent green ash (a specied of tree declining and at great risk due to the emerald ash borer) produced metamorphs that were larger than all other litter species used and developed at a faster rate with higher survival. This study, indeed, illustrates how regional changes in forest community structure can affect the local dynamics and the physiology of individuals within the forest pond.

Download or read book Impact of water level changes on woody riparian and wetland communities written by Robert O. Teskey and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Experimental Approach to Understanding the Impact of Vernal Pool Buffer Size on Wood Frogs Rana Sylvatica written by Nicole Alexis Freidenfelds and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Deicers and the Environment written by Frank M. D'Itri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-03-30 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Deicers and the Environment provides a complete discussion of chemical deicer technology and history in the United States and Canada. The book describes engineering applications, maintenance procedures, economic evaluations, in addition to environmental problems and concerns relative to the use of chemical deicing. It also provides a technical appraisal of the latest technology to stimulate further research and discussion directed toward achieving a more integrated approach for the application of new deicers that will protect motor vehicles, highways and infrastructures, and the environment. Chemical Deicers and the Environment will be a useful reference volume for scientists, legislators, transportation engineers, environmentalists, consultants, and concerned individuals interested in learning about the economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages of today's chemical deicers.

Download or read book Priority Effects of Overwintered Rana Tadpoles on Larval Southern Toad Bufo Terrestris Bonnaterre written by Jason P. Hernandez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In natural ecosystems, the order of species arrival can impact the development of the community. In the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the Carolinas, wetland ponds exhibit a wide range of hydroperiods, ranging from ponds that dry up in late summer, to those that persist through fall and winter into spring. Ponds that persist through the fall and winter can be colonized by late-summer breeding southern leopard frogs, whose tadpoles must remain in the ponds until the following spring. Tadpoles of spring-breeding anurans, including Southern toads, are adversely affected by the presence of large tadpoles from the prior summer. I examined several mechanisms potentially responsible for this effect: overwintering tadpoles changing the environment during the winter; large tadpoles outcompeting small hatchling tadpoles; interspecific differences in competitive ability between leopard frog and Southern toad; and density-dependent effects. Leopard frog tadpoles had their primary adverse effect on Southern toads through processes occurring during the winter, prior to the arrival of Southern toads. The other mechanisms tested were not significant. The algal resource on which both species depend also showed a response to the presence of overwintered leopard frog tadpoles, being reduced where tadpoles had been present through winter and spring, and increased where overwintered tadpoles were present only in spring. This response did not become apparent until late in the spring, suggesting that resource depletion per se is not the mechanism at work, but that some other process occurring in winter leads to adverse conditions for spring-hatched tadpoles where overwintered tadpoles are present through winter. Because isolated wetlands often do not receive the same level of protection as wetlands connected to navigable waters, important amphibian habitat is often altered by humans in ways that change its habitat value. In managing for optimum biodiversity, it is important to consider the often conflicting needs of different species, and to conserve a range of different pond types of varying hydroperiods and degrees of connectivity.

Download or read book Effects of Oil Sands Process Affected Water and Substrates on Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica Eggs and Tadpoles written by Niti Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Road Deicing Salt Effects on the Function and Structure of Forested Wetlands in Southern New England written by Samantha Walker and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forested wetlands are ubiquitous throughout New England providing critical ecosystem services however; road deicing salt use (NaCl) threaten their ecosystem structure and function. To investigate impacts, we employed a seed bank study and a multi-site field survey of forested wetlands. We collected soils and conducted a full factorial seed bank experiment to test how road salt concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 ppt), frequency of salt exposure (pulse, constant) and water level (surface, 2 cm below surface) affected seedling responses. We identified a salinity threshold of 1-4 ppt that reduced seed bank responses. We surveyed nine road-adjacent red maple dominated wetlands in eastern Connecticut to quantify soil (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), heavy metals, total N, soil moisture) and water salinity. With increasing distance from roads, soil salinity (EC, Na+) decreased, while soil base cation concentrations increased, potentially due to cation exchange (Na+ displacing other base cations) and after 14 months of water monitoring, surface- and ground- water salinity were well below 1 ppt. We characterized the vegetation (ground, shrub, tree layers) along transects 165 meters into each wetland, but we did not observe strong vegetation spatial patterns with distance from road. However, chronic exposure to road salt may alter plant health and community composition, as we observed elevated Na+ and reduced Mg2+ of dominant species leaf tissue near roads. Our study highlights that managers should consider constructed-roadside wetlands as a tool to filter out road salt pollution, as to reduce degradation to naturally occurring wetlands.

Download or read book Behavioral Response of Adult and Larval Wood Frogs Lithobates Sylvaticus to a Common Road De icer NaCl written by Dylan Jones and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibians are highly vulnerable to aquatic pollutants. Due to the permeability of their skin and their aquatic larval stages, pollutants are easily absorbed into the body, which can have adverse effects on performance, survival, and fitness. This has prompted research on how environmental pollutants affect amphibian populations, especially road deicers such as sodium chloride (NaCl). Elevated NaCl can have a negative physiological impact on both adult and larval stages of amphibians, leading to reduced breeding success, morphological abnormalities, and even mortality. However, less is known about the behavioral responses of adults and especially larval amphibians to increased environmental salinity. Earlier studies suggested that adult wood frogs did not show any behavioral responses to varying salinity with short-term (10 min) exposure, while larvae had not been assessed. In this study, the behavioral responses of both adult and larval wood frogs, Lithobates sylvaticus, to increased salinity were studied via salinity choice trials where a control (aged tap water) and a designated salt solution were placed on opposite sides of a binary arena for 3,600 seconds. Adults spent less time in NaCl solutions with increasing salinity. The threshold for response was approximately 0.17 M (slightly hyperosmotic to internal osmotic concentrations). For tadpoles, time spent in salt solutions did not change as salinity increased (to a maximum of 0.25 M NaCl), but these results were confounded by mixing between the control and the salt solutions. There were no behavioral differences in tadpole activity level (number of moves between chambers) as salinity increased. Since increased salinity has been associated with decreased fitness, behavioral avoidance of high salinity and preference for lower saline systems could be advantageous for wood frogs. Adults could potentially select breeding sites with lower solute levels that would be beneficial to egg masses and offspring. However, this study suggests that tadpoles in a high solute habitat may not change their activity level, potentially leading to inability to select microhabitats within a system. In addition, although adult wood frogs did respond to increasing salinity, they did so slower than previously assessed species, potentially making them more susceptible to habitat degradation. This study furthers the understanding of how amphibian populations respond to salinity influxes in the wild and will help to promote better conservation efforts for species vulnerable to salt pollution.

Download or read book Effects of Oil Sands Process affected Water and Substrates on Wood Frog i Rana Sylvatica i Eggs and Tadpoles written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydroperiod of Wetlands and Reproduction in Wood Frogs rana Sylvatica and Spotted Salamanders ambystoma Maculatum written by Mary Beth Kolozsvary and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: