Download or read book Impacts of Medusahead elymus Caput medusae L Management on Plant Communities in California s Valley Grasslands written by Nicole Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California's valley grasslands are one of the most invaded ecosystems in the state. It is estimated that valley grasslands contain between 90 to 99% cover of non-native plants. The most recent wave of invasive plants has included medusahead (Elymus caput-medusae L.). Medusahead is an annual grass that matures two to four weeks later than most other grasses. Management of medusahead includes the use of herbicides, targeted grazing, prescribed burns, and mechanical control. The primary focus of most studies on the use of these management methods is on the control of medusahead rather than the impacts on non-target plants. This study examines published research to determine what impact medusahead management has on the composition of plant communities within valley grasslands. Herbicides have mixed impacts on the percent cover of grasses and forbs. Targeted grazing resulted in decreased percent cover of non-native grasses and increased forb cover. Grazing results in neutral to increased percent cover of native plants. Prescribed burns decreased the percent cover of non-native grasses, increased forb cover, and had mixed impacts on native plant cover. Mechanical control shifted vegetative states towards forb or filaree (Erodium spp.) dominated communities. The non-target impacts of medusahead control were generally short-lived with differences in percent cover returning to baseline conditions within one to three years. To mitigate the non-target impacts of medusahead, revegetation efforts should be prioritized in sites with higher abundances of native plant species. The future success of controlling medusahead is dependent upon grassland restoration research, consistent funding for weed management areas to aid in managing invasive plants, and the implementation of monitoring after medusahead control treatments.

Download or read book California Grasslands written by Mark R. Stromberg and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This highly synthetic and scholarly work brings together new and important scientific contributions by leading experts on a rich diversity of topics concerning the history, ecology, and conservation of California's endangered grasslands. The editors and authors have succeeded admirably in drawing from a great wealth of recent research to produce a widely accessible and compelling, state-of-the-art treatment of this fascinating subject. Anyone interested in Californian biodiversity or grassland ecosystems in general will find this book to be an invaluable resource and a major inspiration for further research, management, and restoration efforts."—Bruce G. Baldwin, W. L. Jepson Professor and Curator, UC Berkeley "Grasses and grasslands are among the most important elements of the California landscape. This is their book, embodying the kind of integrated view needed for all ecological communities in California. Approaches ranging across an incredibly broad spectrum -- paleontology and human history; basic science and practical management techniques; systematics, community ecology, physiology, and genetics; physical factors such as water, soil nutrients, atmospherics, and fire; biological factors such as competition, symbiosis, and grazing -- are nicely tied together due to careful editorial work. This is an indispensable reference for everyone interested in the California environment."—Brent Mishler, Director of the University & Jepson Herbaria and Professor of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley "The structure and function of California grasslands have intrigued ecologists for decades. The editors of this volume have assembled a comprehensive set of reviews by a group of outstanding authors on the natural history, structure, management, and restoration of this economically and ecologically important ecosystem."—Scott L. Collins, Professor of Biology, University of New Mexico

Download or read book Journal of Range Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weed Management Handbook written by Robert E. L. Naylor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weed Management Handbook updates the 8th edition of Weed Control Handbook (1990). The change in the title and contents of the book from previous editions reflects both the current emphasis on producing crops in a sustainable and environmentally-friendly manner, and the new weed management challenges presenting themselves. This landmark publication contains cutting edge chapters, each written by acknowledged experts in their fields and carefully drawn together and edited by Professor Robert Naylor, known and respected world-wide for his knowledge of the area. The sequence of chapters included reflects a progression from the biology of weeds, through the underpinning science and technology relating to weed management techniques including herbicides and their application to crops, leading to principles of weed management techniques. Finally a set of relevant case studies describes the main management options available and addresses the challenges of reduced chemical options in many crops. Weed Management Handbook is a vital tool for all those involved in the crop protection / agrochemical industry, including business managers, horticultural and agricultural scientists, plant physiologists, botanists and those studying and teaching BASIS courses. As an important reference guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying horticultural and agricultural sciences, plant physiology, botany and crop protection, copies of the book should be available on the shelves of all research establishments and universities where these subjects are studied and taught. Weed Management Handbook is published for the British Crop Protection Council (BCPC) by Blackwell Publishing.

Download or read book Field Study of Competition Between Medusahead Taeniatherum Caput medusae Ssp Asperum Simk Melderis and Squirreltail Elymus Elymoides Raf Swezey written by David Clausnitzer and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae ssp. asperum (Simk.) Melderis) is a Eurasian annual grass that infests large areas of U.S. rangelands, dominating former bunchgrass/shrub sites. Squirreltail (Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey) is a native perennial grass that has demonstrated the ability to establish in stands of medusahead. A study conducted on two sites near Burns, OR had the objectives of quantifying competition between medusahead and squirreltail, and determining the effect of moisture availability on competition. Two hundred plots were arranged in a factorial design. Measurements were taken of plant growth, seed production, soil moisture, and climate. Results for the two years are contrasting. The first year was very dry. Medusahead grew and reproduced well, producing a seed crop up to 10 times the amount planted; squirreltail grew poorly and did not reproduce. Samples of squirreltail seed retrieved from the plots in late summer were found to have remained dormant since seeding. The second year had above-average precipitation. Medusahead grew and reproduced well again. Squirreltail grew and reproduced abundantly on one of the sites, both on freshly-seeded plots and on plots containing dormant seeds and surviving plants from the previous year. In all cases, medusahead exhibited stronger interspecific and intraspecific competitive effects than did squirreltail seedlings. With adequate soil moisture, squirreltail reduced average weight and median seed production of individual medusahead plants, but did not reduce medusahead seed production per square meter. Medusahead succeeded in a drought year by utilizing deep soil moisture, and utilized shallower moisture in a wet year. During a wet year in plots containing mature squirreltail, medusahead utilized shallower moisture, while squirreltail strongly utilized much deeper moisture. Interspecific competitive interference by medusahead on squirreltail seedlings suggests the potential benefits of suppressing medusahead during the seeding year for squirreltail in a rehabilitation effort, especially if climatic conditions are conducive to squirreltail germination and establishment.

Download or read book Effects of Herbicides Burning and Reseeding of Desirable Forages for Control of Medusahead Taeniatherum Caput medusae written by Travis M. Osmond and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weed Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modulation of the Nutritional Context and Early Experience as New Tools to Increase the Use of Medusahead Taeniatherum Caput medusae Ssp Asperum by Grazing Sheep written by Juan J. Montes and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae ssp. asperum) as an invasive exotic grass in the western US is attributed in part to its low palatability. The nutritional context where medusahead grows can be modulated by the use of supplements that increase herbivores0́9 preference for unpalatable feeds. Additionally, positive experiences early in life (with mother, with supplements) can have long-life influences on preference for unpalatable feeds. To test the influence of the nutritional context on medusahead intake, ewes grazed with their lambs during summer of 2013 on medusahead-infested rangeland with (Treatment) or without (Control) the daily provision of an energy-rich supplement. To test for the effect of experience early in life at grazing medusahead on use of this weed later in life, lambs that grazed with their mothers during 2013 (Experienced) were exposed to medusahead (in pens and during grazing) as yearlings during summer of 2014 along with inexperienced (Control) animals. To better understand the unpalatability of medusahead, the fermentation kinetics of medusahead at different phenological stages and particle sizes was assessed. Ewes grazing with their lambs showed low use of medusahead (5% of the grazing events recorded), even when supplemented. Nevertheless, medusahead use increased across the grazing period and utilization was similar to medusahead abundance in the plant community. Use of medusahead by nursing lambs was correlated with that observed by their mothers and lambs utilized medusahead to the same extent either before or after weaning. Yearlings in pens showed low intake of medusahead and a cyclic pattern of intake across days. However, experienced yearlings displayed a more even intake of medusahead across days and a greater gain-to-feed ratio than Control yearlings. All yearlings showed low to nil use of medusahead during grazing. Medusahead had lower fermentation rates than alfalfa hay and fermentation rates declined with plant maturity. Organic matter digestibility for medusahead declined as particle size of the substrate increased, a relationship that explains the low palatability of the weed. These results provide the foundation for grazing treatments aimed at reducing the abundance of the weed or at preventing its spread in rangelands with different levels of medusahead infestations.

Download or read book Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Interference Between Medusahead and Squirreltail written by Kert R. Young and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restoration of invaded aridlands is required to reduce the exorbitant ecological and monetary losses related to noxious weeds. An understanding of how reduced and increased levels of soil N and P influence interference between medusahead and squirreltail is imperative to understanding how squirreltail may be used in restoration of medusahead infested rangelands. Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae ssp. asperum (Simk.) Melderis) is an invasive, nonnative, annual grass that is rapidly displacing desirable rangeland plants in western North America. Evidence suggests that the native, perennial bunchgrass squirreltail (Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey) may be able to displace medusahead under certain conditions, but the role of soil nutrients in this process is not well understood. I performed interference and growth analysis studies in a greenhouse to determine if soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) alter interference between medusahead and squirreltail. In both studies, plants were grown in pots containing a one-to-one mixture of sand and field soil from a site containing medusahead and squirreltail. In the interference experiment, medusahead and squirreltail were Redacted for privacy planted in density combinations of 0, 1, 5, 25, and 125 seeds per species per pot at four levels of N and P (loNloP, loNhiP, hiNloP, hiNhiP). Results indicated that medusahead and squirreltail competed for N. Increased soil N reduced medusahead and squirreltail's relative competitive abilities largely due to reductions in the intensity of intraspecific interference. High N also reduced the effect of medusahead density on squirreltail biomass. Soil P levels had little influence on predicted species aboveground growth or relative competitive ability. In the growth analysis experiment, plant growth, growth rates, and relative growth rates for above- and belowground biomass, total biomass, leaf area, total root length, and depth of root penetration of isolated individuals were recorded for harvested plants at 2-week intervals over a 70-day period. Results indicated that medusahead produced more absolute belowground biomass, aboveground biomass, total biomass, leaf area, and root length and had higher growth rates for these parameters than squirreltail. Squirreltail allocated more of its acquired resources to belowground growth endowing it with greater root: shoot ratios. Medusahead relative growth rates decreased in belowground biomass, aboveground biomass, total biomass, leaf area, and root length over the course of the study period, while squirreltail's relative growth rate for leaf area remained constant; however, medusahead still maintained higher relative leaf area growth rates during the experiment. Results from the growth analysis study matched results from the interference study in that medusahead was found to be a superior competitor over squirreltail for environmental resources. In order to understand the full benefits of squirreltail's relatively higher allocation of biomass to belowground growth, a long-term study would be necessary. A long-term study would allow for the differences in perennial versus annual resource allocation patterns to manifest themselves to their fullest extent. Over time and with consistently low nutrient availability, squirreltail might increase in medusahead infested rangelands. The maintenance of continually low levels of nutrient availability combined with a reduction of medusahead competition are prerequisites for reclamation of medusahead infested rangelands. Maintaining soil N at very low levels, over the long term, may diminish medusahead seed banks to low enough levels that squirreltail can increase and slowly replace medusahead. Competition between medusahead and squirreltail seedlings will likely be won by medusahead, but seedling-to- mature plant competition may be won by squirreltail. It appears that management inputs, e.g., seed drilling, herbicides, and best management practices that maintain low N availability, will be required to allow native perennials to firmly establish in invasive annual weed infested rangelands.

Download or read book AIBS Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Non Chemical Weed Control written by Khawar Jabran and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-03 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Chemical Weed Control is the first book to present an overview of plant crop protection against non-food plants using non-chemical means. Plants growing wild—particularly unwanted plants found in cultivated ground to the exclusion of the desired crop—have been treated with herbicides and chemical treatments in the past. As concern over environmental, food and consumer safety increases, research has turned to alternatives, including the use of cover crops, thermal treatments and biotechnology to reduce and eliminate unwanted plants. This book provides insight into existing and emerging alternative crop protection methods and includes lessons learned from past methodologies. As crop production resources decline while consumer concerns over safety increase, the effective control of weeds is imperative to insure the maximum possible levels of soil, sunlight and nutrients reach the crop plants. - Allows reader to identify the most appropriate solution based on their individual use or case - Provides researchers, students and growers with current concepts regarding the use of modern, environment-friendly weed control techniques - Presents methods of weed management—an important part of integrated weed management in the future - Exploits the knowledge gained from past sustainable weed management efforts

Download or read book The Landscape Ecology of Fire written by Donald McKenzie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-04 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming is expected to change fire regimes, likely increasing the severity and extent of wildfires in many ecosystems around the world. What will be the landscape-scale effects of these altered fire regimes? Within what theoretical contexts can we accurately assess these effects? We explore the possible effects of altered fire regimes on landscape patch dynamics, dominant species (tree, shrub, or herbaceous) and succession, sensitive and invasive plant and animal species and communities, and ecosystem function. Ultimately, we must consider the human dimension: what are the policy and management implications of increased fire disturbance, and what are the implications for human communities?

Download or read book Biotic Communities written by David Earl Brown and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotic Communities catalogs and defines by biome, or biotic community, the region centered on Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora, Chihuahua, and Baja California Norte, plus portions of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Texas, Coahuila, Sinaloa, and Baja California Sur. This ambitious guide is an essential companion for anyone working in natural resources management and ecological research, as well as nonspecialists looking for solid information about a particular southwestern locale. Biotic Communities is arranged by climatic formation with a short chapter for each biome describing climate, physiognomy, distribution, dominant and common plant species, and characteristic vertebrates. Subsequent chapters contain careful descriptions of zonal subdivisions.

Download or read book Revegetation Guidelines for the Great Basin written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book California Range Land written by Lee T. Burcham and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In one sense, L.T. Burcham's "California Range Land" is a history of California. For, while providing a succinct analysis of the evolution of California range lands, his work is much more. Beginning with some of the earliest written records on New Spain, he has woven a historical account of California's vegetation, livestock, cultures, and climates into a fabric that is the basis for what much of California is today"-G. James West

Download or read book Integrated Pest Management written by David Pimentel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with the present state and problems of integrated pest management as relating to stakeholder acceptance of IPM and how integrated pest management can become a sustainable practice. The discussions include using less pesticides and the possibility of eliminating pesticides from agricultural practice.

Download or read book Wildlife habitat Relationships in Oregon and Washington written by David H. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides information about the terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats of Oregon and Washington and the wildlife that depend upon them; it also supports broader and more consistent conservation planning, management, and research. The 27 chapters identify 593 wildlife species, define some 300 wildlife terms, profile wildlife communities, review introduced and extirpated species and species at risk, and discuss management approaches. The volume includes color and bandw photographs, maps, diagrams, and illustrations; and the accompanying CD-ROM contains additional wildlife data (60,000 records), maps, and seven matrixes that link wildlife species with their respective habitat types. Johnson is a wildlife biologist, engineer, and habitat scientist; and O'Neill is director of the Northwest Habitat Institute; they worked together on this publication project as its managing directors. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR