Download or read book Impact of Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid DHA Supplementation in the Form of a Functional Food During Pregnancy on Infant Neurodevelopment written by Michelle Price Judge and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Maternal DHA Impact on Child Neurodevelopment written by Asim K. Duttaroy and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Special Issue, we focus on maternal docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3 (DHA), and arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6 (ARA), on children’s neurodevelopment. During the last trimester of gestation and for the first 18 months after birth, both DHA and ARA are preferentially deposited within the cerebral cortex at a rapid rate. The mode of action of these two fatty acids and their derivatives at different structural–functional roles, and their levels in the signaling pathways of the brain have been continuously studied. These fatty acids are also involved in various brain developmental processes; however, their mechanistic cross talks are not yet clearly known. Recent data suggest that there may be a need for a balanced proportion of ARA and DHA in infant formula due to their complementary benefits. This review describes the importance of ARA in addition to DHA to support optimal brain development and growth in an infant, and functional roles in the brain.

Download or read book Maternal DHA Impact on Child Neurodevelopment written by Asim K. Duttaroy and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Special Issue, we focus on maternal docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3 (DHA), and arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6 (ARA), on children's neurodevelopment. During the last trimester of gestation and for the first 18 months after birth, both DHA and ARA are preferentially deposited within the cerebral cortex at a rapid rate. The mode of action of these two fatty acids and their derivatives at different structural-functional roles, and their levels in the signaling pathways of the brain have been continuously studied. These fatty acids are also involved in various brain developmental processes; however, their mechanistic cross talks are not yet clearly known. Recent data suggest that there may be a need for a balanced proportion of ARA and DHA in infant formula due to their complementary benefits. This review describes the importance of ARA in addition to DHA to support optimal brain development and growth in an infant, and functional roles in the brain.

Download or read book Maternal N 3 Fatty Acids and Early Infant Outcomes written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research indicates maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) status during pregnancy is positively associated with infant neurodevelopment. Dietary deficiency, if present, usually occurs at the lower end of the intake distribution. Both DHA intake and the current intakes of other n-3 and n-6 fatty acids may affect risk of deficiency. Regardless, the maternal dietary intakes, and biochemical markers, or infant developmental scores indicative of maternal DHA deficiency are not defined. The objectives of this research are to determine the distribution of DHA intakes, the relationship between dietary DHA and n-6 fatty acid intakes and maternal red blood cell (RBC) phospholipid DHA, and whether or not maternal DHA status low enough to increase risk of poor infant development occurs in our community. This study was a prospective, randomized intervention study involving supplementation of healthy women from 16 weeks gestation to delivery of their infant with 400 mg/d DHA or placebo. Maternal dietary intakes and blood lipid DHA were measured at 16 and 36 weeks gestation, and infant visual acuity was assessed at 60 d of age. The results show DHA intake was skewed, and maternal dietary n-6 fatty acids were inversely, while DHA intake was positively related to levels of maternal RBC EPG DHA, P

Download or read book DHA Functional Foods in Pregnancy and Lactation written by Charlotte Ingrid Marianne De Maré and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Early Nutrition and its Later Consequences New Opportunities written by Berthold Koletzko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-05-27 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health problems such as hypertension, tendency to diabetes, obesity, blood lipids, vascular disease, bone health, behaviour and learning and longevity may be ‘imprinted’ during early life. This process is defined as ‘programming’ whereby a nutritional stimulus operating at a critical, sensitive period of pre and postnatal life imprints permanent effects on the structure, physiology and metabolism. For this reason, academics and industry set-up the EC supported Scientific Workshop -Early Nutrition and its Later Consequences: New Opportunities. The prime objective of the Workshop was to generate a sound exchange of the latest scientific developments within the field of early nutrition to look for opportunities for new preventive health concepts. Further, a closer look was taken at the development of food applications which could provide (future) mothers and infants with improved nutrition that will ultimately lead to better future health. The Workshop was organised by the Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Munich, Germany in collaboration with the Danone Institutes and the Infant Nutrition Cluster, a collaboration of three large research projects funded by the EU.

Download or read book A Randomised Controlled Trial of DHA rich Fish Oil Supplementation During Pregnancy and Subsequent Development of Attention Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Early Childhood written by Jacqueline F. Gould and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last trimester of pregnancy is the period during which the fetal brain is growing at its greatest velocity, particularly the frontal lobes and hippocampus. This is also the peak period for the accumulation of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in neural tissues. The amount of DHA required by the fetus is thought to exceed the DHA intake of women of child-bearing age who consume a Western-style diet. This has led to the belief that maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy will enhance child cognitive development in these populations. Cohort studies have supported this belief by linking intake of foods rich in DHA (primarily seafood) during pregnancy to enhanced child cognitive development. However, only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) can establish causality. In this thesis I report a comprehensive systematic review of the current RCTs of DHA supplementation during pregnancy (Chapter 1) using procedures described by the Cochrane collaboration and the PRISMA statement. Results of globalised standard assessments in the reviewed RCTs were compared in meta analyses. No effect of DHA supplementation was found in any age group, except in the 2-5 year-olds where the LCPUFA group was advantaged. A risk of bias assessment revealed that the majority of the trials were of poor quality, particularly those in which there was a finding of significance. Furthermore the majority of trials used standardised tests of global development or cognition. Fetal DHA availability is thought to primarily effect the frontal lobes and hippocampus, which are responsible for higher order cognitive skills known as Executive Functions (EFs). The global assessments used in the RCTs capture performance across multiple neural systems simultaneously and lack the sensitivity to detect development in specific areas of cognition. Thus, global tests may not be suitable for detecting subtle effects of DHA supplementation on neurodevelopment. There has been a call for nutrition researchers to use specialised measures of cognitive functions that are appropriate for assessing the specific neural systems thought to be effected by an intervention, rather than global measures. I addressed the need for a specialised measure of frontal lobe and hippocampus development in a RCT of DHA supplementation during pregnancy. The systematic review identified the DOMInO Trial as being a high-quality trial with a lower risk of bias compared with the other published RCTs. No one task can represent overall executive functioning abilities so I applied a range of specialised, age-appropriate assessments of EFs in two-year-old children. Attention, working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) were the EFs selected for assessment in a subgroup of healthy, term-born toddlers (aged 27-months) from the DOMInO Trial. Two tests, the Attention Assessment involving three measures of attention, and the Working Memory and Inhibitory Control (WMIC) Assessment were identified from the developmental psychology literature. The Attention Assessment involved providing the child with toys to play with and measuring their attention (looking) to the toy(s) in three different scenarios; 1. the child had one toy to play with and their attention to the toy was measured in the absence of any competition for attention or distractions, 2. the child had five toys to play with and the number of times their attention switched between the toys competing for attention was measured, 3. the child had one toy to play with while a television in the periphery offered a distraction, and the time the child took to be distracted, from the toy, by the television was measured. The WMIC Assessment involved training a child to search for a hidden figurine in a specific location in a large box of lentils, and then hiding the figurine in an alternate location and delaying them from retrieving the figurine. Accuracy of searching for the figurine hidden in the alternate location was measured. There was no effect of supplementation on the primary outcomes; latency to be distracted during Focused attention (Attention Assessment), and accuracy of searching for a hidden figurine during Test Trials (WMIC Assessment). The majority of the secondary outcomes supported the findings of null effect in the primary outcomes. There was one outcome in which there was a possible benefit of supplementation, but the effect was small and is likely to be due to chance. I conducted a large number of comparisons (n=18 pre-specified) on a relatively small sample (n=~152 per task) which increases the risk of a Type I error (finding a difference that is the result of chance). Furthermore, no other benefit was shown in any other outcomes, primary, secondary or exploratory. Associations between cord plasma DHA and outcomes of the Attention and WMIC assessments were inconsistent, indicating no true association. Overall, the results of the two assessments I used suggest no effect of DHA supplementation during pregnancy on the cognitive development of healthy, otherwise well-nourished term-born children. The findings of the specialised attention and WMIC assessments used in my study support the findings of global tests used in other RCTs of DHA supplementation during pregnancy. Increasing fetal exposure to DHA may not enhance cognitive development because growth of the brain is protected during in-utero development. Maternal stores of DHA, up-regulation of DHA synthesis and preferential transfer of DHA across the placenta during pregnancy may protect neurological structures from suboptimal development so that greater fetal exposure to DHA does not enhance child cognitive development. Future research will be needed to determine whether specific at-risk sub-groups, such as children from pregnancies with placental insufficiency or who are growth restricted in utero, benefit from DHA supplementation during pregnancy.

Download or read book Seafood Choices written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-03-09 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fragmented information that consumers receive about the nutritional value and health risks associated with fish and shellfish can result in confusion or misperceptions about these food sources. Consumers are therefore confronted with a dilemma: they are told that seafood is good for them and should be consumed in large amounts, while at the same time the federal government and most states have issued advisories urging caution in the consumption of certain species or seafood from specific waters. Seafood Choices carefully explores the decision-making process for selecting seafood by assessing the evidence on availability of specific nutrients (compared to other food sources) to obtain the greatest nutritional benefits. The book prioritizes the potential for adverse health effects from both naturally occurring and introduced toxicants in seafood; assesses evidence on the availability of specific nutrients in seafood compared to other food sources; determines the impact of modifying food choices to reduce intake of toxicants on nutrient intake and nutritional status within the U.S. population; develops a decision path for U.S. consumers to weigh their seafood choices to obtain nutritional benefits balanced against exposure risks; and identifies data gaps and recommendations for future research. The information provided in this book will benefit food technologists, food manufacturers, nutritionists, and those involved in health professions making nutritional recommendations.

Download or read book The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health written by Ekaterina Maslova and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In pregnancy, maternal nutrition sustains and nourishes the developing child. Imbalances in either the direction of nutritional excess or deficiency can have adverse consequences for child health. In addition, more research now suggests that good pregnancy nutrition influences child health beyond pregnancy and delivery. This includes modifying the risk of child health outcomes as they enter childhood and adulthood through influences on placental development, hormonal pathways, and organ structure and function. Poor pregnancy nutrition may also compromise maternal health during pregnancy, which may have long-term consequences for women’s health. Understanding the biological and social mechanisms operating during pregnancy can help in the design of better clinical and public health interventions. This Special Issue on “The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health” includes etiological and mechanistic studies of pregnancy nutrition with short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Together, this body of work provides important insights into the influence of dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on pregnancy outcomes, and long-term neurodevelopmental, respiratory, and metabolic health in the children. It also highlights nutritional consequences for specific groups of women, including those with pregnancy complications and eating disorders.

Download or read book Maternal Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation written by Michael E. Symonds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-28 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the aim to improve clinicians' understanding of the important effects nutrition can have on maternal health and fetal and neonatal development, Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation defines the nutritional requirements with regard to the stage of development and growth, placing scientific developments into clinical context.

Download or read book Nutritional Care of Preterm Infants written by B. Koletzko and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved conditions of care for premature infants have led to markedly increased survival rates over the last few decades, particularly in very low and extremely low birth weight infants. Nutritional measures play a central role in the long-term outcome, health and quality of life of these premature infants. In this publication, leading experts from all 5 continents present the most recent evidence and critical analyses of nutrient requirements and the practice of nutritional care (with the focus on very low birth weight infants) to provide guidance for clinical application. After the introductory chapters, covering nutritional needs and research evidence in a more general manner, topics such as amino acids and proteins, lipids, microminerals and vitamins, parenteral and enteral nutrition as well as approaches to various disease conditions are addressed. Due to its focus on critical appraisals and recommendations, this book is of interest not only for the researcher who wants to keep up to date, but also for the clinician faced with premature infants in his practice.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Omega 3 Docosahexaenoic Acid Enriched Functional Foods During Gestation on Infant Growth and Development at Four to Six Months of Age written by Morgan Lee Dominguez and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book European Nutrition and Health Report 2009 written by I. Elmadfa and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2009-09-23 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of the report at hand was to gather available and authorized data, both published and unpublished, on the nutrition and health situation in the countries of the European Union (EU). Whereas the first report, released in 2004, included 13 EU member states and Norway, the 2009 edition covers 24 EU member states and Norway. For the collection of data, the researchers concentrated on the following points: The description of trends in food supply in the EU, focusing also on the different regions; the comparison of average daily individual food availability at household level; the evaluation of individual food consumption and energy and nutrient intake; the description of data on diet-related health indicators and status; and the analysis of food and nutrition policies in countries of the European Union. Throughout, the impact of age and gender is emphasized, and special attention is being paid to the different regions of the EU. The broad scope of the subjects covered and the improved quality of the data collected make the European Nutrition and Health Report 2009 an accurate documentation and sound source of information. Providing a basis for the work of the institutions responsible for health and nutrition policy, it is especially suitable for use in international comparisons of the nutrition and health situation.

Download or read book Bayesian Adaptive Methods for Clinical Trials written by Scott M. Berry and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Already popular in the analysis of medical device trials, adaptive Bayesian designs are increasingly being used in drug development for a wide variety of diseases and conditions, from Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis to obesity, diabetes, hepatitis C, and HIV. Written by leading pioneers of Bayesian clinical trial designs, Bayesian Adapti

Download or read book A Randomised Controlled Trial of DHA rich Fish Oil Supplementation During Pregnancy and Subsequent Development of Language in Early Childhood written by Nicola R. Gawlik and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no more important period in human development than conception through early childhood in maximizing developmental potential. It is during the last trimester of pregnancy when brain development accelerates (1, 2) and where accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in neural tissues occurs most rapidly (1, 3). Dietary intake and maternal stores of DHA during pregnancy and lactation have important implications for the developing brain. Uncertainty surrounding the ability of Westernised diets to fulfill requirements of DHA during pregnancy has raised concern for the developmental outcome of children raised in this dietary context (4). Some children in Australia have very limited language ability, impacting both the individual and society. Intervention for language development during the early years should be a primary focus for research. The role that DHA might play presents as a compelling area of investigation undertaken in this thesis. This thesis contains a literature review, including a systematic review and meta-analysis, and also proposes a theoretical framework from which to understand the potential variation in language development as a function not only of DHA but also of interacting biological and social variables (Chapter 1). The methods used in the current study are detailed (Chapter 2). Within a randomised controlled trial design (Chapter 3) the current study investigates whether DHA supplementation during the prenatal period has an effect on language development at 4 years of age. Interactions between DHA and other individually contributing factors posed by the bio-ecological model (Chapter 4) and relationships between markers of DHA and language development (Chapter 5) are examined. A model proposed to provide a broader or more comprehensive conceptualization of the role of DHA within the larger system of influences on language development was tested (Chapter 6). The current study found no significant effect of DHA supplementation during pregnancy on children's language development at 4 years of age as measured by the primary outcome of the current study: mean Core Language Scores, assessed using the second edition of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool. There were no significant interactions between treatment group and child sex, maternal age, in utero exposure to maternal cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption, or maternal depression. There was, however, a significant interaction for maternal education. There was also no significant relationship between markers of DHA status and language development for the whole group, and no significant difference in language development between those with cord blood DHA in the 25th and 75th percentile. There were, however, both significant positive and negative relationships between the number of fish meals and DHA foods (respectively) the child consumed in the month prior to the 4-year assessment and language development at 4 years of age. Findings from structural equation modelling analyses provided no support for understanding the relationship between DHA and children's language development through focusing on the relationships proposed by the bio-ecological model. Overall, findings suggest that prenatal DHA supplementation does not benefit children's language development. Longer-term follow-up of early DHA supplementation is required to determine whether delayed effects emerge.

Download or read book Handbook of Milk Composition written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-10-23 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This informative treatise offers a concise collection of existing, expert data summarizing the composition of milk. The Handbook of Milk Composition summarizes current information on all aspects of human and bovine milk, including: sampling, storage, composition, as well as specific chapters on major and minor components such as protein, carbohydrates, lipids, electrolytes, minerals, vitamins and hormones. The book also features comprehensive coverage of compartmentation, host-defense components, factors affecting composition, composition of commercial formulas, and contaminants.* Reliable data on the composition of human and bovine milks.* Discusses the many factors affecting composition.* Composition tables make up 25-30% of the total book.* Problems concerning sampling and analysis are described.* Should appeal equally to industry and academia.* Also of interest to developing countries in need of information on infant nutrition and agricultural development