Download or read book Impact of Land Use on Headwater Stream Organic and Inorganic Carbon Export in a Temperate Midwestern Experimental Watershed written by Scott Alan Kelsey and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Local Land use Impact on the Isotopic Character and Age of Carbon in Unglaciated Small Temperate Watersheds written by Teresa Huey and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The impact of local land-use practices on the transfer of carbon from land to small headwater streams is understudied despite the fact that it has the most pronounced impact on stream carbon at these scales. We measured the stream water concentration, [delta]13C, and [Delta]14C of dissolved organic carbon [DOC], particulate organic carbon [POC], and dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC] in temperate headwater streams. The streams drained a forested, unimproved pasture, large and small mixed land-use, and tilled and no-till corn watershed in Coshocton, Ohio in the fall, spring, and summer and during a winter and spring storm event. Annual carbon fluxes of DOC and POC were greatest in the tilled corn watershed than in all other watershed types. Stream [delta]13C-DOC values indicate that this carbon pool was mainly derived from the present overlying vegetation. [Delta]14C-DOC was all modern suggesting vegetative root exudates contributing to the DOC pool. [Delta]13C-POC values indicate that this carbon pool was derived from a mixture of C3 vegetation and soil organic matter in the non-corn watersheds, and C4 vegetation in both corn watersheds. [Delta]14C-POC values indicate that in the non-corn watersheds, this carbon pool was derived from a mixture of modern overlying vegetation and deeper pre-agricultural soil. Corn [delta]13C-DIC and [Delta]14C-DIC indicate that DIC was derived from atmospheric CO2 equilibration interactions suggesting that respired DOC and POC minimally contribute to the DIC pool. [delta]13C-DIC and [Delta]14C-DIC values in the non-corn watersheds indicate that a mixture of carbonate bedrock dissolution and respiration of organic matter are the primary sources of carbon to this pool. Overall, the flux, isotopic signature, and radiocarbon age of the three carbon pools show that crop practices, especially when tilled, enhance carbon delivery to streams and reduce the residence time of carbon in the watershed.

Download or read book Environmental Impact of Land Use on Water Quality written by James E. Lake and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Land Use Controls Dissolved Organic Carbon and Total Mercury Correlation and Quantities in Little Lehigh Watershed Headwater Streams written by Tara A. Redding and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of land-use type to influence headwater stream total mercury (THg), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), major ion, and trace element concentrations was explored in seven sub-catchments of the Little Lehigh watershed. Statistical variance was determined for DOC quantity, whereas THg demonstrated minimal variance. Agricultural land-use type corresponded to increased [DOC], [Ca], and [Mg]. The divergent response of THg and DOC during storm events is an artifact of sample preservation. The THg v DOC correlation is significantly positive considering normal storm event data at one site (r 2 = 0.62, p

Download or read book Environmental Impact of Land Use on Water Quality a Work Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Land Use as a Critical Determinant of Organic Matter Sources Variability and Disinfection Byproduct Precursors in the Sacramento River Watershed and Delta written by Robert Scott Eckard and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initial translation of terrestrial organic matter from land to rivers informs all other aspects of terrestrial organic matter transport, cycling, and ultimate fate downstream. The overarching goal of this research was to identify connections between terrestrial organic matter releases and the magnitude and character of compositional change affected by those releases on adjacent and downstream aquatic organic matter. Specific objectives included (1) assessing the degree to which landscape scale organic matter sources in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) altered organic matter composition downstream; (2) synoptically investigating linkages between agricultural land use and aquatic organic matter characteristics in Willow Slough, a small agricultural watershed in Northern California; (3) evaluating terrestrial carbon export from Willow Slough and its bioavailability for use by downstream detrital ecosystems; and (4) applying terrestrial carbon export and transport information gleaned in order to support management efforts targeted at minimizing the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) -- regulated carcinogenic compounds -- during drinking water disinfection, through watershed-level management of THM precursors. Key findings indicate that landscape scale organic matter sources in the Delta were sufficient to overwrite DOC compositional signatures integrated along tens of thousands of square miles of upstream watershed. Second, stream biogeochemistry is closely linked to land use at fine spatial scales, where local organic matter continuously supplemented aquatic organic matter composition in Willow Slough. This finding enabled calculation of organic carbon overprinting distance -- i.e., the longitudinal river travel distance over which DOC concentrations doubled -- which had a median value of 13 km in Willow Slough, highlighting strong watershed influence on passing waters. Third, storm period discharge of organic matter from agricultural watersheds varies by event, and is strongly affected by system hydrology. Bioavailable carbon released during storms in Willow Slough was found to be protein-like in composition in spite of a likely agricultural source, where 80 percent of this fraction was lost during a 21-day incubation, in comparison to 20 to 30 percent loss in DOC overall. Fourth, urban watersheds were found to be significant sources of THM precursors, releasing organic matter with median total THM formation potential of 618 [mu]g L−1, or over 7 times higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's regulated level for THMs in drinking water (80 [mu]g L−1). Agricultural irrigation is a major contributor to THM precursors, which were released at about the same rate (median 426 [mu]g L−1) during the summer irrigation period as during winter storms (460 [mu]g L−1). Finally, THM precursors added far upstream are resilient enough to degradation that they are expected to transport, with minimal loss, to downstream municipal water intakes located tens to hundreds of miles away. This finding highlights the critical need for better watershed management planning, which if deployed properly, could meaningfully reduce THM formation.

Download or read book Cadron Creek Watershed written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Restoring Connectivity the Effect of Riparian Replanting on In stream Organic Carbon Dynamics in a Degraded Agricultural Landscape written by Darren Paul Giling and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Streams and rivers are intrinsically linked to the terrestrial environment by the exchange of water, nutrients, organic matter and biota. Terrestrial-aquatic connectivity has been disrupted by the degradation and removal of riparian vegetation due to widespread agricultural development. Loss of terrestrial vegetation modifies channel shading, in-stream habitat, and the quantity and composition of organic carbon (i.e. energy) subsidies provided to stream food webs. Collectively, these changes result in biodiversity loss and altered ecosystem functioning.Replanting riparian vegetation aims to alleviate the adverse ecological effects of riparian clearance. Replanting is already commonly used for ecological restoration, but revegetation may become more widespread if restoration activities are driven by economic forces, such as payments for planting trees to mitigate climate change. However, replantings currently are often spatially limited and isolated, so the plantings may not have a large effect on halting or reversing ecological degradation.Riparian clearance and revegetation are likely to alter carbon dynamics, which is a critical process underpinning biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in streams. We have little knowledge of if, and when, riparian replanting will restore in-stream organic-carbon processes towards pre-clearance conditions, or of the broad-scale effects on carbon balances. The integration of aquatic fluxes into regional carbon budgets is an important component of regional, national and global carbon accounting. I sought to: (1) quantify the reach-scale effects of replanting on in-stream organic carbon dynamics; (2) assess the potential for organic matter properties to reflect the success of restoring terrestrial-aquatic connectivity; and (3) upscale organic carbon fluxes to project the consequences of revegetation for carbon balance and atmospheric feedback at watershed (= catchment) scales.I assessed the dynamics of aquatic organic carbon (input, standing stock, export and metabolism) in 15 streams (1st-3rd Strahler order) of an agricultural landscape in south-eastern Australia. Ten of the streams had reaches that were replanted with native woody vegetation 8 to 22 years prior to the study; I refer to these restored reaches as 'replanted' and other reaches in which there had been no plantings, pasture reaches, as 'untreated'.Replanted stream reaches had greater inputs and accumulation of terrestrial organic carbon on the stream-bed than did untreated reaches. Replanting was correlated with a reduction in net ecosystem productivity and a shorter organic carbon turnover length. Within two decades of planting, metabolic rates in replanted reaches had values more typical of those in natural, forested streams, supporting the use of ecosystem metabolism as a functional indictor of restoration success at reach-scales. Metabolic measures could be combined with pattern-based measures, such as biodiversity, to demonstrate the ecological value of replanting.The export of organic carbon was governed by land-use and climatic variables at spatial scales larger than typical replanting projects. Watershed tree cover affected the composition of dissolved organic matter, but not its quantity. A greater proportion of the dissolved organic matter in agricultural streams was from within the stream and a reduced proportion was from terrestrial vegetation, compared to streams in forested watersheds. The characteristics of dissolved organic matter potentially provide an aggregate measure of aquatic and terrestrial connectivity over large spatial scales. The quantity of total organic carbon transported was controlled by discharge. Projected increases in rainfall variability will affect the timing and magnitude of storm-flows, altering the fluxes of energy subsidies among ecosystems in landscapes.The estimated organic carbon budget showed that replanted reaches potentially were a greater source of carbon than were untreated reaches (net change -0.52 g C m-2 day-1 ± 0.80 SD). At a watershed scale, this increased carbon loss per unit area of stream was small compared to organic carbon export from 3rd-order streams. Riparian restoration at reach spatial scales (i.e. 100s of m) can restore ecosystem processes towards pre-clearance condition, within two decades. However, the effects of replanting at small scales may be overwhelmed by changes to hydrologic processes arising from probable increased climate variability in the future. Addressing land-use effects requires a landscape perspective that incorporates spatial context and connectivity at multiple scales to guide restoration activities into the areas likely to provide the greatest ecological return for investment.

Download or read book Carbon Budgets of Created Riverine Wetlands in the Midwestern USA written by Evan James Waletzko and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than three decades the practice of creating and restoring wetlands has focused on offsetting lost habitat and ecosystem function, and on water quality improvement. For the past decade wetland research has shifted to the role of wetlands in climate change with most studies dealing with one component of the carbon cycle. This dissertation developed a detailed carbon budget of the two flow-through experimental wetlands at The Ohio State University's Olentangy River Wetland Research Park (ORWRP) in Columbus, Ohio, USA. The two 1-ha flow-through riverine wetlands were created in 1994 (one planted and the other naturally colonized) adjacent to a third-order stream in central Ohio. The dissertation also investigated previous methods used for estimating methane emissions at the experimental wetlands to better permit comparison of data for almost a decade, and estimated the influence the autochthonous productivity had on carbon exported from these two wetlands. Detailed carbon budgets from 2008 to 2010 were created for the two wetlands. Measurements were taken of dissolved non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), fine particulate organic carbon (FPOM), and coarse particulate organic carbon (CPOM). Methane emissions, soil sequestration, aquatic primary productivity, and macrophyte above-ground net primary productivity were also included in the carbon budget based on other studies. The carbon budget successfully balanced inputs (1,838 ± 41 g C m-2 year-1) and export/sequestration (1,846 ± 59 g C m-2 year-1) with only a 0.5 % over estimation of export in relation to input and 12.8 % of the input carbon from both hydrologic and biologic inputs accumulating into the wetland soil. FPOM and CPOM concentrations and exports were positively correlated with hydrologic flow under most circumstances; NPOC and DIC concentrations were usually negatively or poorly correlated with hydrologic flow. In all seasons, except winter, the change of total carbon (NPOC, DIC, FPOM, and CPOM) concentration between inflow and outflow increased with increased hydrologic flow.

Download or read book Effects of Residential and Agricultural Land Uses on the Chemical Quality of Baseflow of Small Streams in the Croton Watershed Southeastern New York written by Paul Martin Heisig and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Integrated Approach to Gauge the Effects of Global Climate Change on Headwater Stream Ecosystems written by Gwendolynn Wolfheim Bury and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is predicted to affect ecosystems, including systems already stressed by human impacts. One ecosystem that is already highly impacted by human land use is the cold headwater stream system of the Pacific Northwest. One method of assessing the function of an ecosystem is by using an indicator species. Rhyacotriton variegatus is one such indicator species, sensitive to disturbance, and especially to temperature elevation. This study combines field measurements from the warmest edge of the range of R. variegatus, laboratory determination of thermal tolerance, and modeling. These diverse experimental sources combine to clarify the potential risks of climate change on R. variegatus, and the headwater streams they occupy. Abiotic factors are important determinates of the range of species. Predicted range shifts under climate change are based on the assumption that temperature increases will make habitat at the edge of the known range unsuitable in the future. In order to accurately predict such changes, a quantification of the current thermal boundary is needed. In Chapter Two, I placed temperature loggers and measured other environmental variables in 28 streams: 8 in the cool core of the range of R. variegatus, 10 as far east and south as R. variegatus has ever been found, and 10 outside the known range of R. variegatus. The variables which best defined the range edge were degree days (number of days over specific temperatures), and the slope of the stream bed. Specific physiological tolerance information is also essential for accurate modeling of species habitats. Physiological limits should be determined experimentally using procedures that mimic natural conditions as closely as possible, so that the results will be applicable to natural systems. Forecasting the effects of human activities on populations also requires an understanding of how specific abiotic changes will impact different life stages. I used a realistic cycling temperature treatment in Capters Three and Four, based on the data collected in Chapter One. I tested the survival of larval R. variegatus at a chronic exposure (21 days), and the level of stress as measured by corticosterone in adult R. variegatus. Larval R. variegatus survived up to a daily maximum of 23° C, beyond this the larvae died (LT 50 value of 24° C). I found that daily maximum temperatures over 18° C caused a doubling of corticosterone. There are many ways of modeling future climate change and the effect of this change on species' distribution. I chose to use large array of potential climate futures, modeling methods, and time periods to forecast the change in R. variegatus' range. This allowed me to compare the variation between the predictions for climate change, and find averages across the models. I used two correlative models, and one mechanistic model. The mechanistic model incorporated the relationship between air and water temperature from Chapter Two, and the physiological limits from Chapters Three and Four. All models predicted decreases in areas of the map classified as excellent habitat for R. variegatus. As expected, the reduction in range was most severe at longer time periods into the future, with higher CO2 amounts in the atmosphere, and in models that incorporated more abiotic variables. R. variegatus are sensitive indicators for headwater stream ecosystem function, and will have a reduced range under climate change.

Download or read book From Above and Below written by Bryn Stewart and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality is a key measure of ecosystem health. Catchments, or watersheds, are areas of land draining all inflows of water to a common outlet. Stream chemistry is typically measured at the outlet of a catchment, such that it reflects the many interconnected hydrologic and biogeochemical processes under the influences of climate, lithology, vegetation, land use, topography, and other factors. However, an important limitation of catchment-scale analyses is the general difficulty of applying site-specific findings to regional, continental, or global scales. In addition, stream chemistry data are often limited both spatially and temporally, while subsurface water chemistry data are very scarce in general. Thus, it is necessary to develop broad, conceptual frameworks and tools that can be applied to water chemistry at catchments across gradients of climate, lithology, vegetation, land use, and topography. Similarly, studies that couple catchment- and larger-scale analyses can be especially useful for bridging the gaps between our existing knowledge of each. In this work, we use a variety of data analysis and process-based reactive transport modeling approaches to study drivers and patterns in solute export and stream water quality at multiple catchments and spatial scales to broaden our understanding of major hydrological and biogeochemical processes. Chapter 1 provides an overview of key issues and knowledge gaps in catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry research that motivated each study in this dissertation. Chapter 2 provides direct data support for the shallow and deep hypothesis, which suggests that solute export behavior is driven by the distinct chemical signatures of shallow and deep source waters and shifting dominance of hydrologic flow paths. Chapter 3 identifies the differential controls of climate and hydrology on dissolved carbon production and export, where production is typically faster in the shallow subsurface under warm conditions, while export is determined by hydrologic conditions and the dominant subsurface flow paths that transport dissolved organic and inorganic carbon to the stream. Chapter 4 reveals a near-universal pattern of dilution behavior for dissolved inorganic carbon across the continental United States, primarily driven by the commonly observed profile of subsurface CO2 increasing with subsurface depth. This study also identifies climate as a key control on the long-term behavior of stream dissolved inorganic carbon, where arid sites typically have higher stream concentrations than humid sites. Chapter 5 summarizes the overall conclusions from each study, broader implications of the work presented in this dissertation, and future directions for research. Chapter 2 is currently published in Water Resources Research, and Chapter 4 is currently published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles. Chapter 3 is currently in preparation for publication.

Download or read book Land Use Effects on Ozark Stream Organic Carbon and Nutrient Concentrations written by Joshua James Giovannetti and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of the Beaver Lake tributaries from June 2005 to July 2006 compared carbon and nutrient concentrations across different hydrologic conditions, different land use distributions and catchment characteristics, and temporal variation. Storm events contributed greater concentrations of organic carbon and nutrients than did base flow conditions. Elevated concentrations were also found with increased agriculture and urban land uses. Greater amounts of extractable P were found in depositional bar sediments than consistently inundated riffle sediments. Organic carbon concentrations were greatest during summer months. In the Beaver Lake basin, it appears that nutrient concentrations have increased over the past decade as a result of increased agricultural activities and urban runoff, which then build up in great amounts within the bar sediments for future release. Elevated organic carbon concentrations seem to be the result of autochthonous production and urban runoff, which highlights the importance of nutrient management to Ozark streams.

Download or read book Land use Change Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Total Soil Nitrogen and Soil Erosion in a Temperate Forest and Grassland written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Season Flow Regime and Watershed Land Use and Land Cover on Nutrient Delivery to Two Rapidly Urbanizing Watersheds in Central Indiana USA written by Leda René Casey and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores relationships between temperate stream geochemistry and watershed land cover in two temperate streams, Fishback Creek and School Branch Creek, located in a rapidly urbanizing area on the northwest side of Indianapolis in Eagle Creek Watershed, Indiana. The temporal and spatial patterns of NO3-N, PO4, DOC, SiO2, Cl-, and Na+ were assessed to understand the influence of land cover on the magnitude and timing of water, chemical, and nutrient delivery to streams. Results of the study indicate that the influences of different land cover types on water delivery to streams and in-stream water quality vary seasonally and with respect to flow regime, that urbanization may result in decreased nitrate input, and that phosphate and dissolved organic carbon concentrations will likely remain constant as the watershed is developed. Results also indicate that riparian buffer downstream of intense agriculture lands dilutes high agricultural NO3-N concentrations, but not enough to return in-stream concentrations to natural levels.

Download or read book The Effects of Agricultural Land Use on Stream Ecosystem Functioning Dynamics of Organic Carbon and Food Web Processes written by Romy Wild and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Agricultural Land Use on Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Streams written by Marlen Heinz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: