Download or read book Impact of Irrigation with Mine Affected Saline Sulphate Waters on Crop Performance Soil Properties and Groundwater Quality written by Zimone Danielle Ronquest and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of mine-affected waters contain large quantities of calcium and magnesium sulphate, with some dominated by sodium sulphate or bicarbonate. The availability of large volumes of mine impacted waters and large tracts of unfarmed land owned by mines, creates an opportunity to utilise these waters for irrigation. Not only will this drastically reduce mine water treatment costs, it will create sustainable livelihoods and food production, particularly post-mine closure. The aims of this study were to monitor and model field scale water and salt balances for a small scale mine water irrigation scheme in Mpumalanga, in order to predict the long-term impact and sustainability of gypsiferous mine water irrigation, as well as determining the effect of sulphate salinity on crop response of various temperate annual cereal grain crops. A field trial was established at Mafube Colliery outside Middelburg (Mpumalanga, South Africa) during 2016-2018. White maize was irrigated for one of the two seasons on virgin, unmined land. Regular monitoring was carried out to collect atmospheric, crop and soil data for detailed validation of the soil water balance (SWB) model. For the first season, it has shown that crops (specifically maize) grow well with these mine impacted waters, with minimal environmental impacts in the short term and proved to be more profitable than dryland production. The grain produced is safe for human consumption, which makes this a feasible practice. Pot trials were carried out at the UP Experimental Farm where crops were grown in water culture at five levels of salinity with an EC range of 120 to 2000 mS m-1. A combination of a nutrient solution, gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and Epsom salts (MgSO4.7H2O) was used to make up each treatment. The effect of salinity on germination, seedling establishment and vegetative growth was investigated. Increasing sulphate salinity negatively affects germination, seedling and vegetative growth of annual temperate crops, especially when dominated by Mg. After exceeding the threshold for salt stress, a linear reduction in relative growth was found for both seedling establishment and vegetative growth, as well as a decline in germination percentage. In general, annual temperate cereal crops are more sensitive to sulphate salinity during the vegetative growth stage compared to the seedling stage at the same sulphate salinity concentrations. Irrigation with mine water is viable, sustainable and feasible, if the appropriate management practices are in place and if some environmental impact is acceptable. Crop and cultivar selection, climatic conditions, irrigation method, soil and water quality are but a few of the parameters that need to be considered when irrigating with saline sulphate waters. Another important aspect to look at it, is nutritional requirements and possible imbalances.

Download or read book Irrigation Water Salinity and Crop Production written by and published by UCANR Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is reference sheet 9.10 in the Farm Water Quality Planning series. All irrigation water contains dissolved mineral salts, and these can have a profound effect on crop performance. This publication helps you understand the basics of this relationship.

Download or read book Soil Salinity and Water Quality written by R. Chhabra and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers such areas in the field of soil salinity and water quality as: origin and distribution of salt-affected soils; management of alkali soils; quality criteria of irrigation water; wastewaters as a source of irrigation; and grasses and trees in the management of salt-affected soils.

Download or read book Salt affected Soils and Their Management written by I. P. Abrol and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1988 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Origin,classification and distribution of salt-affected soils;saline soils and their management;sodic soils and their management;salinity problems of the dryland regions;water quality and crop production;socio-economic considerations in reclamation and management of salt-affectedsoils;

Download or read book Sustainable Management of Saline Waters and Salt affected Soils for Agriculture written by Manzoor Qadir and published by ICARDA. This book was released on 2009 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributed articles.

Download or read book The Consequences of Saline Irrigation Treatments on Physicochemical Soil Characteristics written by Zied Haj-Amor and published by . This book was released on 2018-06 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Environmental Sciences, language: English, abstract: When saline water is used to irrigate crops in arid environments, appropriate irrigation management should be applied to avoid negatively impacting soil characteristics. In this study, the effects of irrigating date palms with saline water (2,24 g l-1) on soil physicochemical characteristics such as the electrical conductivity (ECe), the pH of the saturated soil paste (pHe), the concentrations of soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+), the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and the volumetric water content of the soil (θv) were evaluated in a Tunisian Saharan cropland, the Dergine Oasis, during a 4-year period (2012-2015). The effects of three different irrigation treatments of date palms on soil properties were investigated: low treatment (90% of the net irrigation requirement (NIR) of date palms was applied); medium treatment (100% of NIR was applied), and high treatment (110% of NIR was applied). The results showed that the application of saline water for irrigation inevitably has a negative impact on the physicochemical properties of the soil. Irrigation with saline water was observed to have severe negative impacts on the soil characteristics, especially ECe, Na+, Ks, and θv. However, among the three irrigation treatments applied, statistical analysis (Duncan's multiple range test) indicated that the high treatment significantly (p

Download or read book Salt affected Soils and Marginal Waters written by Ranbir Chhabra and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents systematic scientific appraisal, classification, genesis and viable technologies for reclamation and management of salt-affected soils and marginal quality waters across India and several other countries. Nature, solubility and geo-chemical mobility of salts have been provided as basis for the development of alkali and saline soils and groundwaters under specific agro-hydro-ecological regions. Chemical amendment (gypsum) based reclamation technology of alkali soils and related pre and post-reclamation water, nutrient and crop management interventions, including re-sodification issues have been comprehensively addressed. Features and operational guidelines of surface, subsurface, vertical and bio-drainage systems have been thoroughly discussed; likewise, amelioration of irrigation induced saline soils in inland and coastal regions and preventive measures for control of salinity and waterlogging along with environmental trade-offs. Practical approaches for amelioration and judicious use of saline, alkali, high SAR- saline and waste waters have been synthesized for different cropping and agro- forestry systems. Emerging issues on use of industrial by-products as amendments for alkali soils, physiological aspects of salt resistance, anatomical and biochemical mechanism of submergence tolerance, specific ion effects of poor quality waters, crop diversification, groundwater recharge, rejuvenation of tsunami affected coastal soils, safety against occurrence of poisonous gas in tube well pits, paddy straw burning and others have been adequately deliberated upon. Combining scientific principles with field experiences, the book is expected to serve as a useful knowledge base for research workers, teachers and students of soil science, agronomy, plant breeding, forestry, irrigation engineering, extension workers, environmentalists and planners associated with reclamation and management of salt affected soils and waters on sustainable basis in developing and developed countries.

Download or read book Availability of Water to Crops on Saline Soils written by L. A. Richards and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Crop Production in Salt Affected Soils written by I.C. Gupta and published by Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The course work for various degree programs are constantly revised and or new courses added so that the future teachers, researches and planners are able to face the new emerging challenges. The environmental concerns of irrigated agriculture in the form of water logging and soil salinity are expanding and impacting food grains production. These challenges are commonly articulated at various forums. Thus, reclamation, management and crop production practices of waterlogged salt affected soils have been introduced as a subject in agricultural and agricultural engineering colleges. Since there is a general lack of a good textbook on this subject, authors have attempted to fill this gap through the current publication titled `Crop Production in Salt Affected Soils´. It comprehensively deals with the fundamentals of land reclamation principles and crop production practices. It has been divided into 16 Chapters. The book begins with general introduction comprising of categorization of salt affected soils, extent and distribution and nature and physical, chemical and biological properties. Other chapters includes basic information on on-farm land development, hydrology, irrigation practices, drainage methods, leaching, soil salinization, chemical amendments, and new innovative techniques including agronomic and cultural practices related to land reclamation. Crop production practices for select cereal, oil seeds, sugar, fiber and forage, green manure crops, grasses and forest plantations are also included. Chapter sixteen covers the economic evaluation and social issues involved in land reclamation programs. A Glossary of terms has been added for quick overview of the terms used in the book. The textbook designed and developed for the undergraduate/post graduate students of agricultural/agricultural engineering has been profusely illustrated so that students are able to visualize the processes and phenomena being dealt with. Besides serving as a text book, it will prove to be a handy resource book to conduct specialized training programs on land reclamation. We believe that the book will find its due place in the shelves of students and teachers, field functionaries and college libraries of state agricultural universities and civil engineering colleges.

Download or read book Guideline for Salinity Assessment Mitigation and Adaptation Using Nuclear and Related Techniques written by Mohammad Zaman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is an outcome of the collaboration between the Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria, and Dr. Shabbir A Shahid, Senior Salinity Management Expert, Freelancer based in United Arab Emirates.The objective of this book is to develop protocols for salinity and sodicity assessment and develop mitigation and adaptation measures to use saline and sodic soils sustainably. The focus is on important issues related to salinity and sodicity and to describe these in an easy and user friendly way. The information has been compiled from the latest published literature and from the authors’ publications specific to the subject matter. The book consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the terms salinity and sodicity and describes various salinity classification systems commonly used around the world. Chapter 2 reviews global distribution of salinization and socioeconomic aspects related to salinity and crop production. Chapters 3 covers comprehensively salinity and sodicity adaptation and mitigation options including physical, chemical, hydrological and biological methods. Chapter 4 discusses the efforts that have been made to demonstrate the development of soil salinity zones under different irrigation systems. Chapter 5 discusses the quality of irrigation water, boron toxicity and relative tolerance to boron, the effects of chlorides on crops. Chapter 6 introduces the role of nuclear techniques in saline agriculture.

Download or read book Soil Salinity under Irrigation written by I. Shainberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of irrigation in the world's agriculture is rapidly increasing. Although it is practised on a large scale mainly in arid and semi-arid zones, supplementary irrigation is becoming popular in semi-humid regions as well. The record of irrigation speaks for itself in terms of increased crop production. However, the question remains as to how permanent the achievement may be. Judging from history, it seems that irrigation eventually failed in many regions because the knowledge and technology available to society at the time were incapable of coping with the problems created. Undoubtedly soil salinity is the most prevalent and widespread problem limiting crop productivity in irrigated agriculture. It has, therefore, attracted the attention of the scientific community since the advent of modern agronomic research. Through the past six to seven decades a considerable body of information has been accumulated, which has promoted the understanding of the principles involved and helped to develop the technology for coping with the problems. Our present knowledge, if judiciously applied, is adequate for coping with many of the salinity problems resulting from mismanagement of irrigation and drainage. But for this knowledge to be used, it has to be generally known and understood and be re-examined from time to time.

Download or read book Management of Saline Waste Water in Agriculture written by S.K. Gupta and published by Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current book compiles and puts together information on extent and distribution of poor quality waters in various states of India, their characteristics highlighting the problems likely to be encountered and principles and practices of using poor quality waters in agriculture. Special emphasis has been placed on the use of domestic and industrial wastewaters.

Download or read book Developments in Soil Salinity Assessment and Reclamation written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Salt Problem in Irrigation Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies on Physico chemical Properties of Soil Quality of Irrigation Water and Their Effect on Crop Yield written by D. S. Salh and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physico chemical properties of soil samples such as texture bulk density porasity PH electrical conductivety, total nitrogen organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium sulphus and cation exchange capacity of 67 soil samples of NDRI farm were estimated. The farm soils were found to be clay loam in texture, which can be classified under medium soil type. THe BD of soils varied between 1.4 to 1.5 g/cc. The PH of garm soil were between 7.0 to 8.4 and electrical conductivity of the soils did not exceed 1.1 monhos/em. THe total nitrogen of the soils were in the range of 0.04 to 0.07%. The corresponding carbon nitrogen ratio were found to be in the range of 7 to 16% the available phosphorous was found to be 10.8 to 32.5 kg/ha. The available potassium status of the farm soil were found to be medium to high. The water soluble sulphate of the farm soils were found to lie in the range of 13-25 mg/100g. The CEC of soils found to be between 7.4 to 14.0 m.e/100 g. The PH of NDRI water were found between 7.5 to 8.9 which is sligntly alkline carbonate and bicarbonate ion concentration varied between 0.1 to 0.3 and 2.9 to 6.3 m.e respectivily. The ca++ and mg++ concentration of the water were found to be in the range of 1.9 to 6.5 and 2.8 to 6.7 m.e/e respectively. Finally NDRI farm water classified according to indian system, under AC (normal water) except in one case where it can be classified under A2C1. However both water types can safely be used for irrigation in medium texture soils and in all crops grown under existing conditions.

Download or read book Minimizing Salt in Return Flow Through Irrigation Management written by Salinity Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Crop Production in Saline Environments written by Sham S. Goyal and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategies for Managing Crop Production in Saline Environments; Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Crops Through Molecular Breeding; Molecular Approaches to Improve Salt Resistance in Crops; Can the Quest for Drought Tolerant Crops Avoid Arabidopsis; Use and Reuse of Saline - Sodic Waters for Irrigation of Crops; Comprehensive reclamation of Salt - Affected Soils in China 's; Management of Soil Salinity and Alkalinity Problems in India; Modeling Pumped Water Salinity and Sait Water Upconing; Soil Salinity in south India: Problems and Solutions; Producctivity Enhancement in the Salt - Affected Lands of Joint Satiana Pilot Project Area of Pakistan; The Use of Saline Water in Agriculture in the Near East and North Africa Region; Salt, Water, and Groundwater Management Models to Determine Sustainable Cropping Patterns in Shallow Saline Groundwater Regions of Australia; Crop Production in Ares with Saline Soils and Shallow saline Groundwater in the San Jaquim Valley of California; Progress in Plant Salinity Resistance Research;