Download or read book Immune Response of Swine to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Laboratory and Field Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymicrobial Diseases written by Kim A. Brogden and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymicrobial diseases, those involving more than one etiologic agent, are more common than is generally realized and include respiratory diseases, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, hepatitis, periodontal diseases, multiple sclerosis, genital infections, intra -- abdominal infections, and pertussis.
Download or read book Veterinary Vaccines written by R. Pandey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccines have historically been considered to be the most cost-effective method for preventing communicable diseases. It was a vaccine that enabled global eradication of the dreaded disease smallpox. Mass immunization of children forms the anchor of the strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO) to attain "health for all" status by the year 2000. Vaccinology is undergoing a dimensional change with the advances that have taken place in immunology and genetic engineering. Vaccines that confer short or inadequate immunity or that have side effects are being replaced by better vaccines. New vaccines are being developed for a variety of maladies. Monoclonal antibodies and T cell clones have been employed to delineate the immunodeterminants on microbes, an approach elegantly complemented by computer graphics and molecular imaging techniques. Possibilities have opened for obtaining hitherto scarce antigens of parasites by the DNA recombinant route. Better appreciation of the idiotypic network has aroused research on anti idiotypic vaccines. Solid-phase synthesis of peptides is leading to an array of synthetic vaccines, an approach that is expected to attain its full potential once the sequences activating suppressor cells are discovered and the rules for presentation of antigens to T and B cells are better worked out. A new breed of vaccines is on the horizon that seeks to control fertility. Originally conceived to intercept a step in the reproductive process, they are conceptual models for developing approaches to regulate the body's internal processes.
Download or read book Cell mediated Immunity to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Swine written by Elida Margoth Bautista and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus PRRSV Control of the Host Innate Immune Response written by Christopher Overend and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clinical Pathogenic and Immunologic Investigation of Severe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in Swine written by Kochakorn Direksin and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interactions of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus with Innate Immune Responses written by Sang-Myeong Lee and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North American field isolates of PRRSV differed in their type I IFN response with respect to induction, sensitivity and suppression. Furthermore, one PRRSV isolate strongly enhanced polyI:C - induced IFN-[alpha] production in PAM cultures and this priming effect was suppressed by other PRRSV isolates. PRRSV activates NF-[kappa]B which is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune function. NF-[kappa]B activation was dependent on virus replication and I[kappa]B[alpha] degradation. ROS production was involved in NF-[kappa]B activation by PRRSV. NF-[kappa]B dependent expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 suggested a possible role of the NF-[kappa]B pathway in PRRSV pathogenesis and the immune response. PRRSV infection induced both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways and linked these two pathways via Bid cleavage by caspase-8. While apoptosis was significantly suppressed by caspase inhibitors, the same inhibitors did not affect PRRSV replication. This study also provided evidence of a possible involvement of NF-[kappa]B and ROS in apoptosis induced by PRRSV.
Download or read book Diseases of Swine written by Jeffrey J. Zimmerman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 1136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a fully revised Eleventh Edition of the definitive reference to swine health and disease Diseases of Swine has been the definitive reference on swine health and disease for over 60 years. This new edition has been completely revised to include the latest information, developments, and research in the field. Now with full color images throughout, this comprehensive and authoritative resource has been redesigned for improved consistency and readability, with a reorganized format for more intuitive access to information. Diseases of Swine covers a wide range of essential topics on swine production, health, and management, with contributions from more than 100 of the foremost international experts in the field. This revised edition makes the information easy to find and includes expanded information on welfare and behavior. A key reference for anyone involved in the swine industry, Diseases of Swine, Eleventh Edition: Presents a thorough revision to the gold-standard reference on pig health and disease Features full color images throughout the book Includes information on the most current advances in the field Provides comprehensive information on swine welfare and behavior Offers a reorganized format to make the information more accessible Written for veterinarians, academicians, students, and individuals and agencies responsible for swine health and public health, Diseases of Swine, Eleventh Edition is an essential guide to swine health. "The 11th edition of Diseases of Swine continues to serve as the gold-standard resource for anything and everything related to swine herd health...this edition does an outstanding job of keeping up with the advanced diagnostic technologies and the latest research on new or emerging diseases and syndromes...there is no other informational resource that comes close to providing the depth or quality of information on the topic of swine diseases as does this book"
Download or read book Antibody and Cellular Immune Responses of Swine Exposed to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Or a GP5 Subunit Vaccine written by Kang Mi Lee and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Respiratory, Swine, Reproductive, PRRS, PRRSV, Porcine, Virus.
Download or read book African swine fever ASF detection and diagnosis written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the current worsening of the African swine fever situation worldwide, this field manual will be aimed to assist veterinarians in the prompt recognition and detection of the disease and the immediate control steps at farm level.
Download or read book Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viruses written by Yashpal Singh Malik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, which is the first volume of the book series-Livestock Diseases and Management, summarizes the prominence and implications of the emerging and transboundary animal viruses. Although the livestock plays an important role in the economy of many countries, the emerging and transboundary animal viral diseases possess a serious risk to the animal-agriculture sector and food security globally. The book describes the precise and up-to-date information on animal viral diseases which have emerged in the recent past or are re-emerging due to various environmental factors and those which are not bounded in restricted national boundaries and attained the transboundary status. The chapters summarize the recent advancements in the molecular state-of-art tools towards the development of diagnostics, prophylactics, and therapeutics of these viruses. It also explicitly describes the challenges imposed by the emerging and transboundary viral infections and our preparedness to counter them.
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Efficacy of Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome PRRS Virus Vaccine Candidates in Pigs written by Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Further, PRRSV MLVs have a safety concern, however killed vaccines are safe but have an efficacy concern due to their less immunogenicity. In that study, we employed killed vaccines against PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 species along with a potent mucosal adjuvant, like non-toxic heat labile (LT) enterotoxin for priming, followed by oral boosting with immunogenic conserved T-cell epitopes of PRRSV expressed by non-pathogenic E. coli against respective homologous challenge virus infections in pigs. We showed that our vaccination strategy induced a robust cell-mediated immune response, especially T cell responses against both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2, and improved the overall adaptive immune response in pigs. Further studies are needed to improve the PRRSV specific B-cell response and in turn enhance the virus neutralizing antibody titers against both the PRRSV species.
Download or read book Contribution of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Minor Glycoproteins to the Induction of a Protective Immune Response written by Kathryn A. Kimpston-Burkgren and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen affecting most swine producing countries. With costs associated with PRRSV losses and the prevention of PRRSV reaching upwards of one billion dollars per year in the United States alone, PRRSV is the most economically significant swine pathogen of the last three decades. The widespread distribution of PRRSV and the diversity of the virus, as well as the lack of a broadly protective vaccine, have made PRRSV difficult to control. The protective epitopes that are targeted by the host immune response remain poorly understood and this is an area of PRRSV research that could have a large impact on the development of a broadly protective vaccine. Proteins that interact with the host cell receptors and determine cell tropisms are of particular interest because such proteins have the potential to have conserved epitopes. In the case of PRRSV, the minor glycoprotein heterotrimer composed of GP2, GP3, and GP4, interacts with the major cellular receptor for PRRSV. The objective of this dissertation was to characterize the role of the minor glycoproteins of PRRSV in the induction of protective immunity. Heterologous prime-boost immunization with GP3 expressed in viral vectors was able to induce the production of specific antibodies and an anamnestic response after challenge, but this translated to minimal protection in vivo. The generation of a PRRSV-1/PRRSV-2 chimeric virus, expressing the minor glycoproteins of a PRRSV-2 strain in a biologically relevant form, was able to induce neutralizing antibodies and GP2, GP3, and GP4 specific T cell responses which provided partial protection against challenge with the PRRSV-2 strain. A subtractive immunization protocol in mice was utilized to further confirm the ability of the minor glycoproteins to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies. The results in this dissertation confirm that the minor glycoproteins are an important target of the protective immune response and can aid in the development of an optimal vaccine against PRRSV.
Download or read book Emerging Swine Viruses written by Zhenhai Chen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recoding Expansion of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression written by John F. Atkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature on recoding is scattered, so this superb book ?lls a need by prov- ing up-to-date, comprehensive, authoritative reviews of the many kinds of recoding phenomena. Between 1961 and 1966 my colleagues and I deciphered the genetic code in Escherichia coli and showed that the genetic code is the same in E. coli, Xenopus laevis, and guinea pig tissues. These results showed that the code has been c- served during evolution and strongly suggested that the code appeared very early during biological evolution, that all forms of life on earth descended from a c- mon ancestor, and thus that all forms of life on this planet are related to one another. The problem of biological time was solved by encoding information in DNA and retrieving the information for each new generation, for it is easier to make a new organism than it is to repair an aging, malfunctioning one. Subsequently, small modi?cations of the standard genetic code were found in certain organisms and in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA only encodes about 10–13 proteins, so some modi?cations of the genetic code are tolerated that pr- ably would be lethal if applied to the thousands of kinds of proteins encoded by genomic DNA.
Download or read book Corona and Related Viruses written by Gary A. Levy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corona- and related viruses are important human and animal pathogens that also serve as models for other viral-mediated diseases. Interest in these pathogens has grown tremendously since the First International Symposium was held at the Institute of Virology and Immunobiology of the University of Wiirzburg, Germany. The Sixth International Symposium was held in Quebec City from August 27 to September I, 1994, and provided further understanding of the molecular biology, immunology, and pathogenesis of corona-, toro-, and arterivirus infections. Lectures were given on the molecular biology, pathogenesis, immune responses, and development of vaccines. Studies on the pathogenesis of coronavirus infections have been focused mainly on murine coronavirus, and mouse hepatitis virus. Neurotropic strains ofMHV (e.g., JHM, A59) cause a demyelinating disease that has served as an animal model for human multiple sclerosis. Dr. Samuel Dales, of the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, gave a state-of-the-art lecture on our current under standing of the pathogenesis of JHM-induced disease.
Download or read book Emerging Viral Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past half century, deadly disease outbreaks caused by novel viruses of animal origin - Nipah virus in Malaysia, Hendra virus in Australia, Hantavirus in the United States, Ebola virus in Africa, along with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), several influenza subtypes, and the SARS (sudden acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses - have underscored the urgency of understanding factors influencing viral disease emergence and spread. Emerging Viral Diseases is the summary of a public workshop hosted in March 2014 to examine factors driving the appearance, establishment, and spread of emerging, re-emerging and novel viral diseases; the global health and economic impacts of recently emerging and novel viral diseases in humans; and the scientific and policy approaches to improving domestic and international capacity to detect and respond to global outbreaks of infectious disease. This report is a record of the presentations and discussion of the event.
