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Book Immobilization of Liquozyme X with Calcium Alginate Beads

Download or read book Immobilization of Liquozyme X with Calcium Alginate Beads written by Boon Lee Tee and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Enzyme immobilization is one of the most important technologies used in food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. ct-Amylase immobilization gains special interest because the single use of soluble thermostable alpha-amylases practiced in the starch liquefaction process currently is not economical. Besides, pH adjustments and addition of the calcium ions are necessary to stabilize the enzyme at high temperatures. Such extra steps are expected to increase the starch hydrolysis processing cost. Starch hydrolysis processing cost can be reduced by immobilizing thermostable alpha-amylase stable at low pH and low calcium requirements with a suitable support for continuous use. In this study, Liquozyme X, a genetically-engineered thermostable alpha-amylase (optimum temperature at 950C), with an optimum pH range of 5.2 to 5.6 and relatively low calcium requirement (5-15ppm), was immobilized using calcium-alginate matrix. Calcium alginate was chosen due to its affinity for alpha-amylase adsorption. Entrapment, surface adsorption, and covalent binding methods were applied to assess the repeated usability of the immobilized enzyme at 950C. Enzyme loading efficiency, activity yield and reusability of Liquozyme X immobilized using calcium alginate as a support were compared for immobilized enzyme prepared with adsorption, entrapment and covalent binding techniques. Total amount of protein added and bound to the beads were determined using protein test by Bradford method. The enzyme activity for starch hydrolysis reaction in a stirred-batch- tank reactor at 950C was monitored as a function of time by using starch-iodine colorimetric method. The stability of immobilized Liquozyme X for repeated use in starch reaction medium at 950C was tested by studying its enzyme activity for seven consecutive batches. For the same initial amount of enzyme added to the beads, loading efficiency of immobilized alpha-amylase by adsorption was found to be the highest (94%) among all three methods investigated due to alginate's affinity for alpha-amylase. However, the cumulative activity yield obtained after seven repeated uses based on the theoretically expected enzyme activity from the protein bound to support was 34 percent. The low cumulative activity yield may be due to inactivation of the enzyme during heat treatment, steric hindrances caused by support, and desorption of the loosely-bound enzyme from alginate beads into the surrounding reaction medium. Entrapped enzyme showed a low loading efficiency of 30% and a cumulative activity yield 26 percent Based on the low reusability and activity yield results determined from adsorption and entrapment methods, covalent binding of Liquozyme X to alginate using a crosslinker was investigated. 1 -ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) was chosen for Liquozyme X studies because it has functional groups that can bind to carboxyl groups on the calcium alginate matrix and the amine group of protein. SulfoNHS (N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) was used to increase the half-life of EDAC-activated carboxylic groups. An EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) treatment was applied to increase the number of available carboxylic groups on the calcium alginate matrix for EDAC binding. Various concentrations of EDAC, sulfo-NHS and EDTA were tested to determine the optimum immobilization condition. Immobilized enzyme prepared using 10mM EDTA, 200mM EDAC, 50mM sulfo-NHS and 0.1M calcium chloride produced a cumulative activity yield of 156% due to improved reusability and increased initial activity yield. The optimum immobilization procedure was used to further study the effect of pH on enzyme activity and to determine the kinetic parameters of immobilized enzyme. The free and immobilized Liquozyme X had maximum activity at pH 5,5 and 6.0, respectively. The immobilized enzyme remained active between pH 5.2 and 6.5. Michaelis-Menten model described both the free and immobilized enzyme kinetics. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of the immobilized Liquozyme X (0.98 mg/ml) was 2.5 times greater than that of the free Liquozyme X (0.40 mg/ml), indicating a lower substrate affinity of the immobilized alpha-amylase. Maximum reaction rate (V(max)) value of immobilized and free Liquozyme X were determined as 10.4 mg starch degraded/ml *min* mg bound protein and 25.7 mg starch degraded/ml* min* mg protein, respectively. The enzyme activity retention following immobilization indicates that the immobilization method did not block the free enzyme active sites. A high cumulative activity yield and seven successive reuses obtained at liquefaction temperature of 950C makes this new method, wherein Liquozyme X is covalently-bound to a calcium alginate matrix, a promising candidate for use in industrial starch hydrolysis processes.

Book Enzymes in Food and Beverage Processing

Download or read book Enzymes in Food and Beverage Processing written by Muthusamy Chandrasekaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-23 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology, particularly eco-friendly enzyme technologies, has immense potential for the augmentation of diverse food products utilizing vast biodiversity, resolving environmental problems owing to waste disposal from food and beverage industries. In addition to introducing the basic concepts and fundamental principles of enzymes, Enzymes in Foo

Book Biotechnology of Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi

Download or read book Biotechnology of Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi written by Andriy A. Sibirny and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-12 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview on biotechnological applications of unicellular and multicellular fungi in a variety of industrial branches. Targeted genetic and metabolic engineering of fungi allows production of native and transgenic enzymes and proteins in industrial scales. Those most prominently find application in biorefineries for the production of value-added chemicals and biofuels, in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in biomedicine. Each chapter is dedicated to applications and potential beneficial use of particular strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi and their produced biomolecules. The book targets researchers from both academia and industry and graduate students working in microbial biotechnology.

Book Advances in Food Biotechnology

Download or read book Advances in Food Biotechnology written by Ravishankar Rai V and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of biotechnology in the food sciences has led to an increase in food production and enhanced the quality and safety of food. Food biotechnology is a dynamic field and the continual progress and advances have not only dealt effectively with issues related to food security but also augmented the nutritional and health aspects of food. Advances in Food Biotechnology provides an overview of the latest development in food biotechnology as it relates to safety, quality and security. The seven sections of the book are multidisciplinary and cover the following topics: GMOs and food security issues Applications of enzymes in food processing Fermentation technology Functional food and nutraceuticals Valorization of food waste Detection and control of foodborne pathogens Emerging techniques in food processing Bringing together experts drawn from around the world, the book is a comprehensive reference in the most progressive field of food science and will be of interest to professionals, scientists and academics in the food and biotech industries. The book will be highly resourceful to governmental research and regulatory agencies and those who are studying and teaching food biotechnology.

Book Basic Bioreactor Design

    Book Details:
  • Author : Klaas van't Riet
  • Publisher : CRC Press
  • Release : 1991-01-07
  • ISBN : 9780824784461
  • Pages : 482 pages

Download or read book Basic Bioreactor Design written by Klaas van't Riet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-01-07 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a graduate course in biochemical engineering, provides the basic knowledge needed for the efficient design of bioreactors and the relevant principles and data for practical process engineering, with an emphasis on enzyme reactors and aerated reactors for microorganisms. Includes exercises,

Book The Sweet Potato Weevil

Download or read book The Sweet Potato Weevil written by Henry Jonathan Reinhard and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Sustainable Recovery and Reutilization of Cereal Processing By Products

Download or read book Sustainable Recovery and Reutilization of Cereal Processing By Products written by Charis M. Galanakis and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-02-03 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Recovery and Reutilization of Cereal Processing By-Products addresses topics associated with the sustainable management of cereal manufacturing. Emphasis is placed on current, advisable practices, general valorization techniques of cereal processing by-products, and the functional properties of healthy cereal by-product components that lead to target applications in foods and nutraceuticals. Focus includes discussions on wheat bran, distillers' dried grains—based within the biorefinery concept, and different techniques for the separation, extraction, recovery and formulation of valuable compounds, including proteins, arabinoxylans, and beta-glucan. - Addresses topics associated with the sustainable management of cereal manufacturing - Places emphasis on current, advisable practices - Presents general valorization techniques of cereal processing by-products - Highlights the functional properties of healthy cereal by-product components that lead to target applications in foods and nutraceuticals

Book Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology

Download or read book Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology written by Ching T. Hou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide energy and food crises are spotlighting the importance of bio-based products - an area many are calling on for solutions to these shortages. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology encapsulates the cutting-edge advances in the field with contributions from more than 50 international experts comprising sectors of academia, industry, an

Book Alkaliphiles in Biotechnology

Download or read book Alkaliphiles in Biotechnology written by Gashaw Mamo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-26 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to alkaliphiles, their microbiology, biotechnological applications and adaptive mechanisms. Alkaliphiles are extremophilic organisms that are adapted to thrive in alkaline environments. Over the years, a wide variety of alkaliphiles belonging to domain Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya have been isolated and studied. These organisms use various adaptive mechanisms to thrive in ‘extreme’ alkaline environments, and some of these adaptive mechanisms are of immense importance to a range of biotechnological applications. In this book, readers will learn about the adaptive strategies of alkaliphiles in colonizing alkaline habitats, with a main focus on: (1) the production of enzymes that are active and stable in the high pH environment, and (2) the production of acids that decrease the pH of their immediate surrounding environment. Enzymes that are operationally stable at high pH (also known as alkaline active enzymes) are desirable in several applications such as detergent formulating and leather tanning processes, and they are among the major selling enzymes and the most important industrial enzymes. The growing demand in many existing and emerging biotechnological applications led to the discovery, characterization, engineering and evaluation of diverse types of alkaline active enzymes. In addition to the use of these fascinating enzymes in biotechnological applications, readers will discover the mechanisms of action and stability of these enzymes at extreme pH. Studies have shown that some alkaliphiles decrease the severity of the high pH of their media by producing substantial amount of organic acids, which could be of great interest in various applications presented in this book. In addition to enzymes and organic acids, other products of biotechnological importance such as carotenoids, bioactive substances, and chelators have also attracted researchers’ attention. Whole-cells of alkaliphiles have been used as food and feed, and are also useful in environmental applications such as in waste treatment and construction.

Book Green Bio processes

Download or read book Green Bio processes written by Binod Parameswaran and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses recent advancements to the age old practice of using microbial enzymes in the preparation of food. Written by leading experts in the field, it discusses novel enzymes and their applications in the industrial preparation of food to improve taste and texture, while reducing cost and increasing consistency. This book will be of interest to both researchers and students working in food technology.

Book Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors

Download or read book Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors written by Enrico Drioli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-11-27 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research level reference book has been co-written by Enrico Drioli, perhaps one of the world's best known researchers into membrane technology. The application of membrane technology to chemical transformation and molecular separation are beginning to be exploited in the pharmaceutical science and biotechnology industries, but there is a need for researchers and students to have up-to-date literature - and this book provides it. The book will be of interest to students of chemistry, chemical engineering, pharmacy and biotechnology.

Book Biomass  Biofuels  Biochemicals

Download or read book Biomass Biofuels Biochemicals written by Sudhir P. Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Enzyme Catalysis and Technologies intends to provide the basic structural and functional descriptions, and classification of enzymes. The scientific information related to the recombinant enzyme modifications, discovery of novel enzymes and development of synthetic enzymes are also presented. The translational aspects of enzyme catalysis and bioprocess technologies are illustrated, by emphasizing the current requirements and future perspectives of industrial biotechnology. Several case studies are included on enzymes for biofuels application, micro algal biorefineries, high-value bioactive molecules production and enzymes for environmental processes, such as enzymatic bioprocessing for functional food development, biocatalytic technologies for the production of functional sweetener, etc. - Provides a conceptual understanding of enzyme catalysis, enzyme engineering, discovery of novel enzymes, and technology perspectives - Includes comprehensive information about the inventions and advancement in enzyme system development for biomass processing and functional food developmental aspects - Gives an updated reference for education and understanding of enzyme technology

Book Microbial Fermentation and Enzyme Technology

Download or read book Microbial Fermentation and Enzyme Technology written by Hrudayanath Thatoi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of enzymes as biocatalysts has led to various biotechnological developments. The capability of enzymes to catalyse various chemical reactions both in vivo and in vitro has led them to applications in various industries, such as food, feed, pharmaceutical, diagnostics, detergent, textile, paper, leather, and fine chemical industries. Microbial Fermentation and Enzyme Technology mainly focuses on production and application of enzymes in various industries. Further, it also discusses recent developments in enzyme engineering particularly those involved in creating and improving product formations through enzyme and fermentation technology. Salient features: Includes current research and developments in the area of microbial aspects in different fields like food, chemicals, pharmaceutical, bioprocess, etc. Discusses various enzymes that are used in refinement of environmental pollutions and its application in different industrial sectors Focuses on production and application of enzymes in various industries Highlights recent developments in enzyme engineering with respect to its application in textile, pharmaceutical, nanobiotechnology, bioremediation and many other related fields.

Book Cassava Flour and Starch

Download or read book Cassava Flour and Starch written by D. Dufour and published by CIAT. This book was released on 1996 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Download or read book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Ashok Pandey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-09-17 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Production, Isolation and Purification of Industrial Products provides extensive coverage of new developments, state-of-the-art technologies, and potential future trends, focusing on industrial biotechnology and bioengineering practices for the production of industrial products, such as enzymes, organic acids, biopolymers, and biosurfactants, and the processes for isolating and purifying them from a production medium. During the last few years, the tools of molecular biology and genetic and metabolic engineering have rendered tremendous improvements in the production of industrial products by fermentation. Structured by industrial product classifications, this book provides an overview of the current practice, status, and future potential for the production of these agents, along with reviews of the industrial scenario relating to their production. - Provides information on industrial bioprocesses for the production of microbial products by fermentation - Includes separation and purification processes of fermentation products - Presents economic and feasibility assessments of the various processes and their scaling up - Links biotechnology and bioengineering for industrial process development

Book Enzymes in Food Biotechnology

Download or read book Enzymes in Food Biotechnology written by Mohammed Kuddus and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymes in Food Biotechnology: Production, Applications, and Future Prospects presents a comprehensive review of enzyme research and the potential impact of enzymes on the food sector. This valuable reference brings together novel sources and technologies regarding enzymes in food production, food processing, food preservation, food engineering and food biotechnology that are useful for researchers, professionals and students. Discussions include the process of immobilization, thermal and operational stability, increased product specificity and specific activity, enzyme engineering, implementation of high-throughput techniques, screening to relatively unexplored environments, and the development of more efficient enzymes. - Explores recent scientific research to innovate novel, global ideas for new foods and enzyme engineering - Provides fundamental and advanced information on enzyme research for use in food biotechnology, including microbial, plant and animal enzymes - Includes recent cutting-edge research on the pharmaceutical uses of enzymes in the food industry

Book Enzyme Technology

    Book Details:
  • Author : Ashok Pandey
  • Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
  • Release : 2006-04-28
  • ISBN : 9780387292946
  • Pages : 774 pages

Download or read book Enzyme Technology written by Ashok Pandey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-28 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description