Download or read book Immobilization of Glucoamylase for Starch Hydrolysis written by David Arthur Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Co immobilization of Thermostable Alpha amylase and Glucoamylase for Starch Hydrolysis written by Zifei Dai and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Starch is one of the most important carbon and renewable energy sources. Starch hydrolysis products, such as glucose, high fructose syrups or maltose are widely used in food industries. Also, the produced sugars can be fermented for bioethanol production. Starch hydrolysis involves large amount of enzymes consumption. The immobilization could recover enzymes and lower the production cost. A gel capsule system by dripping calcium chloride into a sodium alginate solution was developed for immobilization of recombinant glucoamylase (GA) by entrapment. Two types of starch hydrolysis enzymes, glucoamylase and alpha-amylase (AA), were co-immobilized inside and on the outside surface of calcium alginate gel capsules. A His6-tagged thermostable recombinant GA from Sulfolobus Solfataricus P2 was expressed, purified and characterized. The recombinant thermostable GA had an optimum pH and temperature range of 5-5.5 and 90-95°C respectively. The effects of cations and chemicals on the recombinant GA activity were also studied. Thermal stability and inactivation energy of the recombinant thermostable GA were determined with a half-time of 5.3 minutes at 95°C and 218 kJ/mol. GA from fungus (Aspergillus niger) and AA from bacterial (Bacillus licheniformis) with low application temperature (50-65°C) were immobilized on the gel capsules by entrapment and adsorption. Then the optimum pH, temperature, reaction kinetics and reusability of the co-immobilized enzymes system were tested. The recombinant thermostable GA and a commercially available thermostable AA (Liquozyme X) were immobilized on the developed gel capsule. A co-immobilization method was developed by entrapping GA inside and covalently bounding AA on the surface of capsules. The reaction kinetics, thermostability and reusability of the thermostable co-immobilized AA and GA system were tested both in a batch reactor and with a continuous stirred tank reactor.
Download or read book Enzyme Technology written by Ashok Pandey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-28 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its inception in 1945, this serial has provided critical and integrating articles written by research specialists that integrate industrial, analytical, and technological aspects of biochemistry, organic chemistry, and instrumentation methodology in the study of carbohydrates. The articles provide a definitive interpretation of the current status and future trends in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry. - Features contributions from leading authorities and industry experts - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Download or read book Immobilized Enzymes for Food Processing written by Pitcher and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has been written about immobilized enzymes during this period of time. So much, in fact, that it can become difficult even for those involved in developing new enzymatic food processing operations to bridge the gap between the field of immobilized enzymes and their specific requirements. It is the purpose of this book to assist those engaged in this difficult task. It is also a goal to bring to the researcher in enzyme immobilization an appreciation for the requirements of the food processing industry.
Download or read book Production of Ethanol from Starch by Co immobilized Zymomonas Mobilis Glucoamylase in a Fluidized bed Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of ethanol from starch was studied in a fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) using co-immobilized Zymomonas mobilis and glucoamylase. The FBR was a glass column of 2.54 cm in diameter and 120 cm in length. The Z. mobilis and glucoamylase were co-immobilized within small uniform beads (1.2 to 2.5 mm diameter) of [kappa]-carrageenan. The substrate for ethanol production was a soluble starch. Light steep water was used as the complex nutrient source. The experiments were performed at 35 C and pH range 4.0 to 5.5. The substrate concentrations ranged from 40 to 185 g/L and the feed rates from 10 to 37 mL/min. Under relaxed sterility conditions, the FBR was successfully operated for a period of 22 days, during which no contamination or structural failure of the biocatalyst beads was observed. Maximum volumetric productivity of 38 g ethanol/L-h, which was 76% of the theoretical value, was obtained. Typical ethanol volumetric productivity was in the range of 15 to 20 g/L-h. The average yield was 0.51 g ethanol/g substrate consumed, which was 90% of the theoretical yield. Very low levels of glucose were observed in the reactor, indicating that starch hydrolysis was the rate-limiting step.
Download or read book Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells written by Gordon Bickerstaff and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 1996-12-01 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immobihzatron of enzymes, cells, and organelles has expanded greatly in the past 30 years as the advantages of immobilization have been evaluated and utilized in analyttcal, biotransformation, and medical applications. A c- sequence of this explosion of technology IS that there is now a bewildering array of permutations for the immobilization of biological material. The p- pose of Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells is to provrde a basic reference tool for all academic and industrial research workers seeking to start or expand the use of mnnobilization techniques in their work. The book does not aim to provide comprehensive coverage of the vast range of methods available, but will serve as a launch pad for potential users of immobilization techniques. One reason for the vast expanse of mmrobilization technology lies m the subject material to be immobilized. Biological catalysts (enzymes, organelles, and cells) have a high degree of individual variability, and although many tmmobilization techniques have wide applicability, tt is imposstble for one or even a few methods to cater to the great diversity of requirements inherent in biological material. This is especially so when the atm is to produce an op- mum system m which the immobihzed biocatalyst will function at high levels of efficrency, stability, and so on.
Download or read book Enzyme Immobilization written by Alka Dwevedi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the latest developments in enzyme immobilization with its wide applications, such as for industry, agriculture, medicine, and the environment. Topics covered include basics of enzyme immobilization, its implication in therapeutics and disease diagnostics, and its significance in solving environmental problems. This is an ideal book for researchers, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as scientists in industry, agriculture and health sectors. This book is a complete summary of enzyme immobilization and also thoroughly covers all the latest research. This book covers: The last one-hundred years of innovative research done in enzyme immobilization Recent developments in immobilization techniques, such as types of matrices, immobilization methods, and linking agents, as well as enzyme immobilization without any matrices and its properties The physiological and industrial significance of enzymes from plants and the implementation of immobilized enzymes in the treatment of waste water and polluted air Biomedical and bioanalytical applications of immobilized enzymes
Download or read book Biocatalysts for Industry written by Jonathan S. Dordick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of enzymes or whole cells (fermentatively active or resting; microbial, plant, or animal) to carry out selective transformations of commercial importance is the central theme of industrial biocatalysis. Traditionally, biocatalysis has been in the domain of the life scientist or biochemical engineer. However, recent advances in this field have enabled biocatalytic processes to compete head on with, and in some cases out perform, conventional chemical processing. Chemo-biocatalytic systems are being developed thereby combining the most attractive features of bio catalysts, namely high specificity, with those of chemical catalysts, such as high reactivities and wide substrate specificities. Hence, synthetic chemists and chemical engineers are now beginning to use biocatalysts as highly selective reagents in chemical synthesis and processing. This book is about biocatalysts and their past, present, and potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. The con cept of the book did not emanate from a meeting. Rather, it is a compila tion of selected examples where biocatalysis either has already made a significant impact in the aforementioned industries, or has the potential to make a substantial contribution. I have been fortunate to have assembled contributions from world-class researchers in the field of biocatalysis. Their timely contributions are sincerely appreciated.
Download or read book Biocatalyst Immobilization written by Maria Lujan Ferreira and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-11-12 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biocatalyst Immobilization: Foundations and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of biocatalytic immobilization processes, as well as methods for study, characterization and application. Early chapters discuss current progress in enzyme immobilization and methods for selecting and pretreating enzymes prior to immobilization, with an emphasis on navigating common challenges and employing enzyme supports and post immobilization treatments to impact enzymatic activity. Process-based chapters instruct on measuring and reporting on enzyme immobilization efficiency, protein final content, quantification of reaction products, and the use of nanomaterials to characterize immobilized enzymes. Later chapters examine recent advances, including novel enzymatic reactors, multi-enzymatic biocatalysts, enzymatic biosensors, whole cell immobilization, the industrial application of immobilized enzymes, and perspectives on future trends. Provides a thorough overview of biocatalyst and enzyme immobilization for research and practical application Presents methods based content that instructs in enzyme immobilization pretreatment, enzyme supports, post immobilization treatments, measuring enzyme immobilization efficiency, quantification of reaction products, and whole cell immobilization Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field
Download or read book Applied Biochemistry and Bioengineering written by Lemuel Wingard and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Biochemistry and Bioengineering, Volume 2: Enzyme Technology discusses the industrial applications of immobilized enzymes. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume first describes the techniques for the isolation and purification of intracellular and extracellular enzymes for use on an industrial scale. It then deals with immobilized enzyme processes, with an emphasis on immobilized glucose isomerase and the amylolytic enzymes related to the production of high-fructose syrups from starch. Significant topics on immobilized enzyme technology for future uses in energy transduction and in pharmaceutical modifications of steroid compounds are also explored. Microbiologists, geneticists, and chemical engineers will find this book of great value.
Download or read book Immobilization of Liquozyme X with Calcium Alginate Beads written by Boon Lee Tee and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Enzyme immobilization is one of the most important technologies used in food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. ct-Amylase immobilization gains special interest because the single use of soluble thermostable alpha-amylases practiced in the starch liquefaction process currently is not economical. Besides, pH adjustments and addition of the calcium ions are necessary to stabilize the enzyme at high temperatures. Such extra steps are expected to increase the starch hydrolysis processing cost. Starch hydrolysis processing cost can be reduced by immobilizing thermostable alpha-amylase stable at low pH and low calcium requirements with a suitable support for continuous use. In this study, Liquozyme X, a genetically-engineered thermostable alpha-amylase (optimum temperature at 950C), with an optimum pH range of 5.2 to 5.6 and relatively low calcium requirement (5-15ppm), was immobilized using calcium-alginate matrix. Calcium alginate was chosen due to its affinity for alpha-amylase adsorption. Entrapment, surface adsorption, and covalent binding methods were applied to assess the repeated usability of the immobilized enzyme at 950C. Enzyme loading efficiency, activity yield and reusability of Liquozyme X immobilized using calcium alginate as a support were compared for immobilized enzyme prepared with adsorption, entrapment and covalent binding techniques. Total amount of protein added and bound to the beads were determined using protein test by Bradford method. The enzyme activity for starch hydrolysis reaction in a stirred-batch- tank reactor at 950C was monitored as a function of time by using starch-iodine colorimetric method. The stability of immobilized Liquozyme X for repeated use in starch reaction medium at 950C was tested by studying its enzyme activity for seven consecutive batches. For the same initial amount of enzyme added to the beads, loading efficiency of immobilized alpha-amylase by adsorption was found to be the highest (94%) among all three methods investigated due to alginate's affinity for alpha-amylase. However, the cumulative activity yield obtained after seven repeated uses based on the theoretically expected enzyme activity from the protein bound to support was 34 percent. The low cumulative activity yield may be due to inactivation of the enzyme during heat treatment, steric hindrances caused by support, and desorption of the loosely-bound enzyme from alginate beads into the surrounding reaction medium. Entrapped enzyme showed a low loading efficiency of 30% and a cumulative activity yield 26 percent Based on the low reusability and activity yield results determined from adsorption and entrapment methods, covalent binding of Liquozyme X to alginate using a crosslinker was investigated. 1 -ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) was chosen for Liquozyme X studies because it has functional groups that can bind to carboxyl groups on the calcium alginate matrix and the amine group of protein. SulfoNHS (N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) was used to increase the half-life of EDAC-activated carboxylic groups. An EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) treatment was applied to increase the number of available carboxylic groups on the calcium alginate matrix for EDAC binding. Various concentrations of EDAC, sulfo-NHS and EDTA were tested to determine the optimum immobilization condition. Immobilized enzyme prepared using 10mM EDTA, 200mM EDAC, 50mM sulfo-NHS and 0.1M calcium chloride produced a cumulative activity yield of 156% due to improved reusability and increased initial activity yield. The optimum immobilization procedure was used to further study the effect of pH on enzyme activity and to determine the kinetic parameters of immobilized enzyme. The free and immobilized Liquozyme X had maximum activity at pH 5,5 and 6.0, respectively. The immobilized enzyme remained active between pH 5.2 and 6.5. Michaelis-Menten model described both the free and immobilized enzyme kinetics. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of the immobilized Liquozyme X (0.98 mg/ml) was 2.5 times greater than that of the free Liquozyme X (0.40 mg/ml), indicating a lower substrate affinity of the immobilized alpha-amylase. Maximum reaction rate (V(max)) value of immobilized and free Liquozyme X were determined as 10.4 mg starch degraded/ml *min* mg bound protein and 25.7 mg starch degraded/ml* min* mg protein, respectively. The enzyme activity retention following immobilization indicates that the immobilization method did not block the free enzyme active sites. A high cumulative activity yield and seven successive reuses obtained at liquefaction temperature of 950C makes this new method, wherein Liquozyme X is covalently-bound to a calcium alginate matrix, a promising candidate for use in industrial starch hydrolysis processes.
Download or read book Class 3 2 Hydrolases VII written by Dietmar Schomburg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-06-18 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Springer Handbook of Enzymes provides concise data on some 5,000 enzymes sufficiently well characterized – and here is the second, updated edition. Their application in analytical, synthetic and biotechnology processes as well as in food industry, and for medicinal treatments is added. Data sheets are arranged in their EC-Number sequence. The new edition reflects considerable progress in enzymology: the total material has more than doubled, and the complete 2nd edition consists of 39 volumes plus Synonym Index. Starting in 2009, all newly classified enzymes are treated in Supplement Volumes.
Download or read book Kinetics and Shear Viscosity Characterization of Starch Hydrolysis with Immobilized alpha amylase written by Angel Cruz Jiménez and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immobilization of amylase ban for Sago Starch Hydrolysis written by Khairil Nazuan Mohd and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A.-Amylase produced from Bacci/us Amyliquifaciens (termamyl) was immobilized by entrapment in calcium alginate gel capsules and it was used repeatedly in batch processes of starch hydrolysis. The degree of starch degradation and operational stability of the immobilized system were increased by tailoring the characteristics of the capsules. Capsules prepared from 2% (w/v) sodium alginate and 5% (w/v) CaCl2 were suitable for up to 20 repeated uses, losing only 30% of their initial efficiency. These alginate/silica capsules carrying a.-Amylase retained 90% of their initial efficiency after 20 starch hydrolysis batches and released more than 10,700 mg of reducing sugars during a processing period of 160 h.
Download or read book Catalyst Immobilization written by Maurizio Benaglia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive resource on techniques and applications for immobilizing catalysts Catalyst Immobilization: Methods and Applications covers catalyst immobilization topics including technologies, materials, characterization, chemical activity, and recyclability. The book also presents innovative applications for supported catalysts, such as flow chemistry and machine-assisted organic synthesis. Written by an international panel of expert contributors, this book outlines the general principles of catalyst immobilization and explores different types of supports employed in catalyst heterogenization. The book?s chapters examine the immobilization of chiral organocatalysts, reactions in flow reactors, 3D printed devices for catalytic systems, and more. Catalyst Immobilization offers a modern vision and a broad and critical view of this exciting field. This important book: -Offers a guide to supported and therefore recyclable catalysts, which is one of the most important tools for developing a highly sustainable chemistry -Presents various immobilization techniques and applications -Explores new trends, such as 3D printed devices for catalytic systems -Contains information from a leading international team of authors Written for catalytic chemists, organic chemists, process engineers, biochemists, surface chemists, materials scientists, analytical chemists, Catalyst Immobilization: Methods and Applications presents the latest developments and includes a review of the innovative trends such as flow chemistry, reactions in microreactors, and beyond.
Download or read book Reaction Kinetics for Starch Hydrolysis with Glucoamylase written by Harry Willard Downs and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
