Download or read book The Papacy in the Age of Totalitarianism 1914 1958 written by John Pollard and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Papacy in the Age of Totalitarianism, 1914-1958 examines the most momentous years in papal history. Popes Benedict XV (1914-1922), Pius XI (1922-1939), and Pius XII (1939-1958) faced the challenges of two world wars and the Cold War, and threats posed by totalitarian dictatorships like Italian Fascism, German National Socialism, and Communism in Russia and China. The wars imposed enormous strains upon the unity of Catholics and the hostility of the totalitarian regimes to Catholicism lead to the Church facing persecution and martyrdom on a scale similar to that experienced under the Roman Empire and following the French Revolution. At the same time, these were years of growth, development, and success for the papacy. Benedict healed the wounds left by the 'modernist' witch hunt of his predecessor and re-established the papacy as an influence in international affairs through his peace diplomacy during the First World War. Pius XI resolved the 'Roman Question' with Italy and put papal finances on a sounder footing. He also helped reconcile the Catholic Church and science by establishing the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and took the first steps to move the Church away from entrenched anti-Semitism. Pius XI continued his predecessor's policy of the 'indigenisation' of the missionary churches in preparation for de-colonisation. Pius XII fully embraced the media and other means of publicity, and with his infallible promulgation of the Assumption in 1950, he took papal absolutism and centralism to such heights that he has been called the 'last real pope'. Ironically, he also prepared the way for the Second Vatican Council.

Download or read book Universalism and Liberation written by Jacopo Cellini and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changing attitude of Catholic culture towards modernity After decades of a problematic, if not plainly hostile, approach to modernity by Catholic culture, the 1960s marked the beginning of a new era. As the Church employed a more positive approach to the world, voices in the Catholic milieu embraced a radical perspective, channeling the need for social justice for the poor and the oppressed. The alternative and complementary world views of ‘universalism’ and ‘liberation’ would drive the engagement of Catholics for generations to come, shaping the idea of international community in Catholic culture. Because of its traditional connection with the papacy and because of its prominent role in the map of European progressive Catholicism, Italy stands out as an ideal case study to follow these dynamics. By locating the Italian scenario in a broader geographical frame, Universalism and Liberation offers a new vantage point from which to investigate the social and political relevance of religion in an age of crisis.

Download or read book A Twentieth Century Crusade written by Giuliana Chamedes and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive history of the Vatican’s agenda to defeat the forces of secular liberalism and communism through international law, cultural diplomacy, and a marriage of convenience with authoritarian and right-wing rulers. After the United States entered World War I and the Russian Revolution exploded, the Vatican felt threatened by forces eager to reorganize the European international order and cast the Church out of the public sphere. In response, the papacy partnered with fascist and right-wing states as part of a broader crusade that made use of international law and cultural diplomacy to protect European countries from both liberal and socialist taint. A Twentieth-Century Crusade reveals that papal officials opposed Woodrow Wilson’s international liberal agenda by pressing governments to sign concordats assuring state protection of the Church in exchange for support from the masses of Catholic citizens. These agreements were implemented in Mussolini’s Italy and Hitler’s Germany, as well as in countries like Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. In tandem, the papacy forged a Catholic International—a political and diplomatic foil to the Communist International—which spread a militant anticommunist message through grassroots organizations and new media outlets. It also suppressed Catholic antifascist tendencies, even within the Holy See itself. Following World War II, the Church attempted to mute its role in strengthening fascist states, as it worked to advance its agenda in partnership with Christian Democratic parties and a generation of Cold War warriors. The papal mission came under fire after Vatican II, as Church-state ties weakened and antiliberalism and anticommunism lost their appeal. But—as Giuliana Chamedes shows in her groundbreaking exploration—by this point, the Vatican had already made a lasting mark on Eastern and Western European law, culture, and society.

Download or read book Church and State in Contemporary Europe written by Zsolt Enyedi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents an attempt in integrating a wide range of theoretically relevant issues into the identification and analysis of church-state patterns. Each chapter focuses on the analysis of a particular theme and its role in shaping, and/or being shaped by, church-state relations.

Download or read book Confessions of an Interest Group written by Carolyn M. Warner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-27 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following World War II, the Catholic Church in Europe faced the challenge of establishing political influence with newly emerging democratic governments. The Church became, as Carolyn Warner pointedly argues, an interest group like any other, seeking to attain and solidify its influence by forming alliances with political parties. The author analyzes the Church's differing strategies in Italy, France, and Germany using microeconomic theories of the firm and historical institutionalism. She demonstrates how only a strategic perspective can explain the choice and longevity of the alliances in each case. In so doing, the author challenges earlier work that ignores the costs to interest groups and parties of sustaining or breaking their reciprocal links. Confessions of an Interest Group challenges the view of the Catholic Church as solely a moral force whose interests are seamlessly represented by the Christian Democratic parties. Blending theory, cultural narrative, and archival research, Warner demonstrates that the French Church's superficial and brief connection with a political party was directly related to its loss of political influence during the War. The Italian Church's power, on the other hand, remained stable through the War, so the Church and the Christian Democrats more easily found multiple grounds for long-term cooperation. The German Church chose yet another path, reluctantly aligning itself with a new Catholic-Protestant party. This book is an important work that expands the growing literature on the economics of religion, interest group behavior, and the politics of the Catholic Church.

Download or read book A history of the papacy political and ecclesiastical in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries tr with an intr essay by J H Merle d Aubign written by Leopold von Ranke and published by . This book was released on 1851 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Italian Military Operations Abroad written by P. Ignazi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-17 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peace support operations are one of the most important tools in the foreign policy of Western democracies. This book is a study of Italian military operations in the last twenty years. Italy's operations are examined through an analysis of parliamentary debates and interviews with leading policy-makers.

Download or read book Faith and Fascism written by Jorge Dagnino and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study of the Federazione Universitaria Cattolica Italiana (FUCI) between 1925 and 1943, the organisation of Catholic Action for the university sector. The FUCI is highly significant to the study of Catholic politics and intellectual ideas, as a large proportion of the future Christian Democrats who ruled the country after World War II were formed within the ranks of the federation. In broader terms, this is a contribution to the historiography of Fascist Italy and of Catholic politics and mentalities in Europe in the mid- twentieth century. It sets out to prove the fundamental ideological, political, social and cultural influences of Catholicism on the making of modern Italy and how it was inextricably linked to more secular forces in the shaping of the nation and the challenges faced by an emerging mass society. Furthermore, the book explores the influence exercised by Catholicism on European attitudes towards modernisation and modernity, and how Catholicism has often led the way in the search for a religious alternative modernity that could countervail the perceived deleterious effects of the Western liberal version of modernity.

Download or read book The History of the Popes written by Leopold von Ranke and published by . This book was released on 1845 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Devil and the Dolce Vita written by Roy Domenico and published by CUA Press. This book was released on 2021-09-10 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Italy’s economic expansion after World War Two triggered significant social and cultural change. Secularization accompanied this development and triggered alarm bells across the nation’s immense Catholic community. The Devil and the Dolce Vita is the story of that community – the church of Popes Pius XII, John XXIII and Paul VI, the lay Catholic Action association, and the Christian Democratic Party – and their efforts in a series of culture wars to preserve a traditional way of life and to engage and tame the challenges of a rapidly modernizing society. Roy Domenico begins this study during the heady days of the April 1948 Christian Democratic electoral triumph and ends when pro-divorce forces dealt the Catholics a defeat in the referendum of May 1974 where their hopes crashed and probably ended. Between those two dates Catholics engaged secularists in a number of battles – many over film and television censorship, encountering such figures as Roberto Rossellini, Luchino Visconti, Federico Fellini, and Pier Paolo Pasolini. The Venice Film Festival became a locus in the fight as did places like Pozzonovo, near Padua, where the Catholics directed their energies against a Communist youth organization; and Prato in Tuscany where the bishop led a fight to preserve church weddings. Concern with proper decorum led to more skirmishes on beaches and at resorts over modest attire and beauty pageants. By the 1960s and 1970s other issues, such as feminism, a new frankness about sexual relations, and the youth rebellion emerged to contribute to a perfect storm that led to the divorce referendum and widespread despair in the Catholic camp.

Download or read book The Transformation of the Christian Churches in Western Europe written by Leo Kenis and published by Universitaire Pers Leuven. This book was released on 2010 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: KADOC Studies on Religion, Culture and Society, Volume 6Research continues to show that the Christian religion is gradually disappearing from the public, cultural, and social spheres in Western Europe. Even on the individual level, institutionalized religion is becoming increasingly marginalized. New forms of religious life and community, however, may point toward a resurgence of Christian churches in postmodern Europe. This book focuses on the complex transformations Christian churches in Western Europe have undergone since World War II. In English and French.

Download or read book History of the Popes of Rome written by Leopold von Ranke and published by . This book was released on 1866 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Popes of Rome Their Ecclesiastical and Political History During the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries written by Leopold Ranke and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprint of the original, first published in 1866.

Download or read book The Popes of Rome written by Leopold von Ranke and published by . This book was released on 1866 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Global Pontificate of Pius XII written by Simon Unger-Alvi and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2020, the Vatican opened its archives for the pontificate of Pius XII (1939-1958), the pope that led the Catholic Church during WWII, the Holocaust, and the beginning of the Cold War. The Global Pontificate of Pius XII brings together historians who were among the first to consult the previously unseen Vatican materials. These long-awaited records allow for an expansion of the current historiography beyond the pope’s biography. Methodologically, the volume works to transcend the rigidity of religious history and engage with new approaches in global, transnational, and postcolonial history to re-introduce questions surrounding religion into modern post-war historiography.

Download or read book Five years of Edera written by Silvio Berardi and published by Edizioni Nuova Cultura. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Far from being exhaustive, this paper, mainly based on archival sources, aims at reconstructing the history of the Italian Republican Party, in a crucial phase of its existence since 1943, the year in which it began to operate in Italy, until 1948, when, at the aftermath of the elections of April 18, its new political identity took on more defined forms. The reviewed period undoubtedly marks a decisive phase in the history of the Edera: founded in 1895, the Pri had taken a specific political stance since it was born, that of the Extreme Left, and had tried to engage in fierce opposition, with some exceptions, the institution of monarchical governments. The centrist choice, in electoral terms, did not result in any case in a broad approval: those who had considered an alliance with the Christian Democracy, heralding an unstoppable electoral growth, were disappointed by the previously mentioned elections of April 18, 1948. Moreover, at a time when there was East/West bipolar confrontation, the idea to form a third force capable of becoming independent from the American capitalism and Soviet collectivism, assumptions of the Left-wing Republicans, appeared to be, at least, difficult to achieve. The choice without alternatives between the Dc and the Pci led the Republican Party to decide on a definitive identity, in clear contrast with its history, but it was a logical consequence of the Cold War and the political blocs.

Download or read book History of the Popes written by Leopold von Ranke and published by . This book was released on 1844 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: