Download or read book Igbo Mediators Of Yahweh Culture Of Life written by Philip Chidi Njemanze MD and published by Book Venture Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about the Culture of Life of Igbo People the Chosen People of God. The Igbo people were Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, Kings of Ancient Israel, Phoenicians, Greeks, Etruscans, Iberians, Carthaginians, Ugaritians, Lemnians, Mayans, Olmecs, Ancient Chinese, Extraterrestrials in UFOs, Babylonians, and Jewish authors of the Holy Bible. The Igbo people built the pyramids and invented electricity, computer, automobile, airplane, helicopter, and submarine. Igbo Orie–Mediators of Almighty God. The Chosen People of God! YaHWeH, Ya IHo Wụ IHe, meaning, ‘God, the Divine Light that enlightens’.
Download or read book Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life written by Philip Chidi Njemanze MD and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life is a travel in time to where it all began. The book shows that the Creator Yahweh was in full communication with his earliest created people, the Igbos, who lived his culture of life. God shares one language with the Igbos, through which he gave them the enlightenment of civilization for humanity. This civilization was documented in the Igbo pictographic writings called hieroglyphics, which have remained unknown until this first ever exposition by this book. It traces this history from the earliest (pictographic) writings dating back 400,000 years ago in the caves in present-day Gabon, the rock paintings in the Sahara desert dating back 45,000 BC, and in the Chauvet caves in France dating back 35,000 BC. The hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt are, for the first time, explained in their original Igbo language with English translations. The original Igbo text of the Holy Scriptures is unveiled in a manner that brings true contextual understanding of the teachings of the prophets and the gospels. Using ethno-linguistics, anthropology, and archaeology, the exact origins of ancient biblical Israel was uncovered with specific names and locations of all the Jewish towns and villages as they existed then and to the present day in Igbo land, Nigeria. The location of the palace of King David and King Solomon’s temple are revealed to be existing in Owerri, Imo State. The exact place of the birth of Jesus Christ—the place where he lived, worked, was crucified, and buried—are all uncovered in this book. The discovery of highly developed Igbo technologies in ancient Egypt that were looted by Napoleon in 1799 and now used for reverse engineering to obtain many of the present -day technologies, including electric battery, aircraft systems, Space Shuttle, submarines, helicopters, and others, are demonstrated. The origin of the Igbos of Europe, China, and the Americas are unveiled. The UFOs writings obtained at Roswell in hieroglyphics were explained, and the author postulates a fascinating hypothesis that there are Igbos in another nearby galaxy! The book illustrates the intensifying struggle from the beginning of time between God’s culture of life and the culture of death. The book traces the prolife struggle against the culture of death, which, though very much apparent in our time, has never eclipsed the enlightenment of the civilization of the culture of life. This book has fundamentally rewritten the world history as we know it. The book claims that the Igbos are the chosen people of God. The Igbos civilized the world as pharaohs of ancient Egypt, the kings of ancient Israel, the Greeks, the Phoenicians, Etruscans, Iberians, Carthaginians, Mayans, Olmecs, ancient Chinese, ancient Russians, Babylonians, and Jewish authors of the Holy Bible. The spread of the culture of life provoked persecution and genocide against Igbos to this day. This is a great book of the secrets of world civilization. Read it!
Download or read book Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life Volume IV written by Philip Chidi Njemanze and published by Writers Republic LLC. This book was released on 2020-10-02 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book: lgbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life: volume IV, Exodus, Part 1, is the first accurate account of the path of the Exodus based on genetic, ethnolinguistic, paleoanthropologic and archeological scientific proof. The book builds on the theme of the book series: lgbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life, that the lgbo are the Chosen People of God, the true Israelites (lgbo language: ! zara Eli, meaning 'you answered the Most High'). The question of who are the true Ancient Israelites has been settled with the science of population genetics. It has been shown conclusively that, the lgbo have L1 gene which is the Semite gene of Ancient Israelites. Human origins are traced through matrilineal genes, starting with the Eve gene called superhaplogroup LO. The three women who were theoretically wives of Shem, Ham and Japheth were L 1, L2, and L3 haplogroups, respectively. These genes are called Nilotic genes because of their origins along the Nile (lgbo language:mmiri niile, meaning 'all the waters'). The lgbo were the original inhabitants of ancient Egypt (lgbo language:a gQ Ya, a pa att,1 , meaning 'prays to God and carries out His instructions'), and were the Dynastic Pharaohs (lgbo language: e fere Qha, meaning 'your worship of the people').The lgbo were the earlier inhabitants of Nubia (Owere dialect lgbo language: ani ibo, meaning 'the land of the mediators', as priests that mediate between God and humanity for the remission of sin). The lgbo that speak the Owere dialect lived in Nubia or Upper Egypt while those that speak the Onitcha dialect lived in Lower Egypt. The lgbo Egyptians were conquered by the Turkic and ancestors of Arabs, and then enslaved in their own land , as Hebrews (lgbo language: Qha e bu t,1rt,1 t,1wa, meaning 'the people who bear the wickedness of the world'). On the way to the Promised Land of Canaan (lgbo language: oke Nna, meaning 'the allotment of the Father'), they were formally ordained a nation of priests by God and called lgbo (Onitcha dialect lgbo language: i gbo, meaning 'mediators or priests' between God and humanity for the remission of sin). The lgbo gene haplogroup is L 1 dating 150,000 to 240,000 years. The L2 are genes of the people of Black Southern Sudan region, which dates 100,000 to 150,000 years; and L3 dates 70,000 to 100,000 years and comprise all other black people. The genes of the white people are M and N, and are mutations of L3, that dates back 6,000 to 12,000 years. The locations of the sites from Egypt across Chad (lgbo language: Chi e du, meaning 'Almighty God leads'), Niger, Cameroon and finally Nigeria are to this day preserved in several caves and National parks. The Great Secrets of World Civilization and finally the burial Place of Moses have been revealed . Read this book and be part of this great history!
Download or read book Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life written by Philip Chidi Njemanze, MD and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2022-04-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book: Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life Volume V, Temple of Solomon and Wailing Walls of Jerusalem, has its setting in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. It is the first accurate account of the true location of the City of Ancient Jerusalem (Igbo language: iyī érusala m, meaning 'evil [of abortion] should not touch me'). This assertion is supported by a map titled 'Ìlú Yèrúsàlέmì ńǹwèrè Yèésú' meaning 'Capital City of Jerusalem at the Birth of Jesus Christ') believed to have been made by anonymous Yoruba King visiting the City of Jerusalem before its destruction by 70AD. The city was surrounded by the inner Wailing Walls (Igbo language: ihi e ti e ti, meaning 'the wailing wall') built around the Heart of the Capital City of Ancient Jerusalem (Igbo language: iyī érusala m, meaning 'evil should not touch me') which was the home of King David to this day called Amawọm (Igbo language: ama Owe m, meaning 'the settlement of my Leader [King David]'). The walls enclosed the Royal Palace of King David (Igbo language: Di wụ edo, meaning 'the man who is fair in complexion'), the Old Temple of King Solomon (Igbo language: isi e lo ama ana, meaning 'the head that thinks wisely for the land'), the Houses of the Chief Priests and Scribes, and houses of the indigenous people within the area traversed by the Sea of Galilee (Igbo language: ogo li elu, meaning 'the districts on heights'). This book builds on the theme of the book series on the Igbo as the Chosen People of God.
Download or read book Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life written by Philip Chidi Njemanze MD and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life” is a travel in time to where it all began. The book shows that the creator Yahweh was in full communication with his earliest created people, the Igbos, who lived his culture of life. God shares one language with the Igbos, through which he gave them the enlightenment of civilization for humanity. This civilization was documented in the Igbo pictographic writings called hieroglyphics, which have remained unknown until this first ever exposition by this book. It traces this history from the earliest (pictographic) writings dating back four thousand years ago in the caves in present-day Gabon, the rock paintings in the Sahara desert dating back 45,000 BC, and in the Chauvet caves in France dating back 35,000 BC. The hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt are for the first time explained in their original Igbo language with English translations. The original Igbo text of the Holy Scriptures is unveiled in a manner that brings true contextual understanding of the teachings of the prophets and the gospels. Using ethnolinguistics, anthropology, and archaeology, the exact origins of ancient biblical Israel was uncovered with specific names and locations of all the Jewish towns and villages as the existed then and to the present day in Igbo land, Nigeria. The location of the palace of King David and King Solomon’s temple are revealed to be existing in Owerri, Imo State. The exact place of the birth of Jesus Christ, the place where he lived, worked, was crucified and buried are all uncovered in this book. The discovery of highly developed Igbo technologies in ancient Egypt that were looted by Napoleon in 1799, and now used for reverse engineering to obtain many of the present-day technologies including electric battery, aircraft systems, space shuttle, submarines, helicopters, and others are demonstrated. The origin of the Igbos of Europe, China, and the Americas are unveiled. The UFOs writings obtained at Roswell in hieroglyphics were explained, and the author postulates a fascinating hypothesis that there are Igbos in another nearby galaxy! The book illustrates the intensifying struggle from the beginning of time between God’s Culture of Life and the Culture of Death. The book traces the prolife struggle against the Culture of Death, which though very much apparent in our time, has never eclipsed the enlightenment of the civilization of the Culture of Life. This book has fundamentally rewritten the World History as we know it. The book claims that, the Igbos are the ‘Chosen People of God’. The Igbos civilized the world as Pharaohs of ancient Egypt, the Kings of ancient Israel, the Greeks, the Phoenicians, Etruscans, Iberians, Carthaginians, Mayans, Olmecs, ancient Chinese, ancient Russians, Babylonians and Jewish authors of the Holy Bible. The spread of the Culture of Life provoked persecution and genocide against Igbos to this day. This is a Great Book of the Secrets of World Civilization. Read it!
Download or read book Igbo Mediators of Yahweh written by Phillip Chidi Njemanze and published by . This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life written by Philip Chidi Njemanze and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temple of Solomon Wailing Wall Part 1 Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life Volume V written by Philip Chidi Njemanze MD and published by Writers Republic LLC. This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book: Wailing Walls of Jerusalem, Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life Volume V, has its setting in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. It is the first accurate account of the true location of the City of Ancient Jerusalem (Igbo language: iyī e rusalem, meaning ‘evil [of abortion] should not touch me’). This assertion is supported by a map titled ‘Ìlú Yèrúsàlέmì ńǹwèrè Yèésú’ meaning ‘Capital City of Jerusalem at the Birth of Jesus Christ’) believed to have been made by anonymous Yoruba King visiting the City of Jerusalem before its destruction by 70AD. The city was surrounded by the inner Wailing Walls (Igbo language: ihi e ti eti, meaning ‘the wailing wall’) built around the Heart of the Capital City of Ancient Jerusalem (Igbo language: iyī e rusalam, meaning ‘evil should not touch me’) which was the home of King David to this day called Amawọm (Igbo language: ama Owe m, meaning ‘the settlement of my Leader [King David]’). The walls enclosed the Royal Palace of King David (Igbo language: Di wụ edo, meaning ‘the man who is fair in complexion’), the Old Temple of King Solomon (Igbo language: isi e lo ama ana, meaning ‘the head that thinks wisely for the land’), the Houses of the Chief Priests and Scribes, and houses of the indigenous people within the area traversed by the Sea of Galilee (Igbo language: ogo li elu, meaning ‘the districts on heights’). This book builds on the theme of the book series on the Igbo as the Chosen People of God.
Download or read book Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life written by Philip Chidi Njemanze and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2015-08-13 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Igbo Mediators of YAHWEH Culture of Life written by and published by . This book was released on 2020-04 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Igbo Mediators of YAHWEH Culture of Life is a travel in time to where it all began. The book shows that the Creator YAHWEH was in full communication with His earliest created people, the Igbos who lived His Culture of Life. God shares One language with the Igbo, through which He gave them the enlightenment of civilization for humanity. This civilization was documented in the Igbo pictographic writings called hieroglyphics, which have remained unknown until this first-ever exposition by this book. It traces this history from the earliest pictographic writings dating back 400,000 years ago in the caves in present-day Gabon, the Rock paintings in the Sahara desert dating back 45,000 B.C., and in the Chauvet caves in France dating back 35,000 B.C. The hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt are for the first time explained in their original Igbo language with English translations. The original Igbo text of the Holy Scriptures is unveiled in a manner that brings true contextual understanding of the teachings of the prophets and the gospels. Using ethnolinguistics, anthropology, and archaeology, the exact origins of ancient Biblical Israel was uncovered with specific names and locations of all the Jewish towns and villages as they existed then and to the present day in Igbo land, Nigeria. The location of the palace of King David and King Solomon's temple is revealed to be existing in Owerri, Imo State. The exact place of the birth of Jesus Christ, the place where He lived, worked, was crucified and buried, are all uncovered in this book. The discovery of highly developed Igbo technologies in ancient Egypt that were looted by Napoleon in 1799, and now used for reverse engineering to obtain many of the present-day technologies including electric battery, aircraft systems, Space Shuttle, submarines, helicopters, and others are demonstrated. The origin of the Igbos of Europe, China and the Americas are unveiled. The book illustrates the intensifying struggle from the beginning of time between God's Culture of Life and the Culture of Death.
Download or read book Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life written by Philip Chidi Njemanze and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2015-08-13 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exodus Part 1 Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life written by Philip Chidi Njemanze, MD and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2021-10-29 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book: Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life: volume IV, Exodus, Part 1, is the first accurate account of the path of the Exodus based on genetic, enthnolinguistic, paleoanthropologic and archeological scientific proof. The book builds on the theme of the book series: Igbo Mediators of Yahweh Culture of Life, that the Igbo are the Chosen People of God, the true Israelites (Igbo language: ḷ zara Eli, meaning 'you answered the Most High'). The question of who are the true Ancient Israelites has been settled with the science of population genetics. It has been shown conclusively that, the Igbo have L1 gene which is the Semite gene of Ancient Israelites. Human origins are traced through matrilineal genes, starting with the Eve gene called superhaplogroup L0. The three women who were theoretically wives of Shem, Ham and Japheth were L1, L2, and L3 haplogroups, respectively. These genes are called Nilotic genes because of their origins along the Nile (Igbo language: mmiri niile, meaning 'all the waters'). The Igbo were the original inhabitants of ancient Egypt (Igbo language: a gọ Ya, a pa atụ, meaning 'prays to God and carries out His instructions'), and were the Dynastic Pharaohs (Igbo language: e fere ọha, meaning 'your worship of the people'). The Igbo were the earlier inhabitants of Nubia (Owere dialect Igbo language: anị ibo, meaning 'the land of the mediators', as priests that mediate between God and humanity for the remission of sin). The Igbo that speak the Owere dialect lived Nubia or Lower Egypt while those that speak the Ọnịtcha dialect lived in Upper Egypt. The Igbo Egyptians were conquered by the Turkic and ancestors of Arabs, and then enslaved in their own land, as Hebrews (Igbo language: ọha e bu ụrụ ụwa, meaning 'the people who bear the wickedness of the world'). On the way to the Promised Land of Canaan (Igbo language: oke Nna, meaning 'the allotment of the Father'), they were formally ordained a nation of priests by God and called Igbo (Ọnịtcha dialect Igbo language: i gbo, meaning 'priests or mediators' between God and humanity for the remission of sin). The Igbo gene haplogroup is L1 dating 150,000 to 240,000 years. The L2 are genes of the people of Black Southern Sudan region, which dates 100,000 to 150,000 years; and L3 dates 70,000 to 100,000 years and comprise all other black people. The genes of the white people are M and N, and are mutations of L3, that dates back 6,000 to 12,000 years. The locations of the sites from Egypt across Lake Chad (Igbo language: Chi e du, meaning 'Almighty God leads'), Niger (Igbo language: anị agara, meaning 'the lands we passed through'), Cameroon (Igbo language: ọkụ a mịịrị ana, meaning 'the fire that was lit in the ground - Pillar of Fire') and finally Nigeria (Igbo language: Nga Orie, meaning 'the place of Almighty God') are to this day preserved in several caves in National parks. The book reveals the burial place of Moses (Igbo language: ọma isi ọsa, meaning 'the anointed head of the people') at Yankari (iyi ana ọkụ arịa, meaning 'land stream with hot funnels') National Park in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The Great Secrets of World Civilization have b
Download or read book African Cultural Personalities in a World of Change written by Ikechukwu Anthony Kanu and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This notwithstanding, over the years, the African culture in all its manifestations became the bulls eye for attack especially during the Atlantic Slave Trade, Colonialism, Racism. During these periods, Europe dealt coup de grace to the African personality, to his is-ness, by destroying the African cultural values. They disrespected African peculiarities, languages enriched with traditions of centuries, parables, many of them the quintessence of family and national histories; modes of thought, influenced more or less by local circumstances, local poetry which reveals the profundity of African literary wizardry. A lot of these were altered against the background that the African in all his susceptibilities is an inferior race and that it is needful to give him a foreign model beacon to emulate and follow. In our time of globalization, bringing about a new sweep of changes on the African cultural values, a more careful, historically grounded interpretation of the cultural changes occurring on the continent is, therefore, needed and for it to be useful, it should enable us to transcend the narrow and narrowing parameters that currently dominate the discourse on the processes and structures of change occurring in contemporary Africa. This piece is a great accomplishment by African scholars to do a grounded hermeneutics of the structures of changes taking place in Africa. The different chapters are the fruits of the 2018 International Conference of the Association for the Promotion of African Studies (APAS). The authors, like artists, combine originality with insightful imagination. They have carefully treated the historical, conceptual, basic and substantive issues in cultural change in Africa. Their coherent, systematic and encyclopedic approaches have the capacity to expand the intellectual and professional horizon of its readers.
Download or read book Years Unspoken written by Beth Opich and published by Writers Republic LLC. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miley Roe and Blake Scott have been Best Friends since they were two years old. They have been through everything together: death of a father, a mother’s remarriage, middle school trouble, and a ruling father. But what happens when a Popular Cheerleader, a Father’s leaving and the Army come along? Will this finally break their 16 years of friendship? Or will unsaid feelings never be spoken when one life has vanished?
Download or read book Igbo Culture written by Reuben Eneze and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author presented his book Igbo Culture in a most convincing way by quoting expert opinions on most of the issues he discussed in the book. Through his carefully researched work and detailed analysis of facts, he showed in the book that Igbo youths working hard like their ancestors can reform Igboland into a new and better civilization by sifting the good aspects of Igbo culture into today's way of life. He started his book by making a brief reference to the possible migration route of Igbo ancestors from their earliest settlements in the forest region of Central Africa to their present-day settlement in Southeastern Nigeria of West Africa. He also made a brief reference to the development of the Igbo civilization through the period covering the Stone Age and Iron Age civilizations (pages 114). He painted a clear picture of the cultural background of the community where he was born and brought up and lived in for more than sixty years before he traveled to the United States of America. He traced the more than twenty-six generations-deep lineages, beliefs, concepts, customs, and history of Ihe Shikeaguma in Ntuegbe clan of Enugu State in Southeastern Nigeria as a sample core Igbo culture community. He also delved into the historical links and social formation of this community, with emphasis on genealogy, religion, settlement, language, government, law enforcement, defense, seasons, festivals, and residential structures (pages 1583). He took his readers to Igbo thought on God, self, family, human life, birth, death, spirit, human mind, and reincarnation (pages 85113). He clearly documented the cultural products of Igbo thought, which can be seen in the formulation of Igbo institutions with special reference to marriage, the extended family system, the social status structure and title system, festivals, informal education, traditional law, community service, religion, divination, and health-care services (pages 114202). He explained that the symbolism of various articles and some spoken words in Igbo culture are products of Igbo thought. He referred to ofo stick, kola nut, alligator pepper, spears, tribal face marks, body paint, white chalk, and the young palm frond as symbols or instruments of Igbo philosophical expressions and concepts (pages 203214). He showed how Igbo culture and philosophy have been affected by the cultures of Igbo neighbors in Nigeria and by other foreign cultures with special references to the following: (a) Ugwuele civilization (a Stone Age culture)1,000,000 BC500,000 BC (b) Nri civilization (a ritualized kingship system)AD 800AD 1700 (c) Aro civilization (slave trade and colonial era)AD 1700AD 1850 (d) Border civilization (slave trade and colonial era)AD 800AD1900 (e) External civilization (slave trade and colonial era)AD 1700AD 2000 (pages 215238) The author concluded his work by making an evaluation of Igbo culture. He carefully examined the oriented values of the Igbo and highlighted those areas of Igbo culture that should be refurbished and reinfused into Igbo life by the Igbo themselves in order to transform Igboland into a big theater of modern civilization (pages 239246).
Download or read book Growing Up Black in America written by Lisa Noel and published by . This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing Up Black in America are the stories of a Black American female with Sickle Cell Disease and her personal experiences with the systemic racism and prejudice I have witnessed and received. It starts from the birth of black children, and the health care system. The teachers, and the school system, the religion we are taught. The police, with their harassment and straight up murders. The justice system, with their school to prison pipeline, and laws written specifically to arrest the black male and separate the black family. The church's that funded the kidnapping of African slaves. And the racist parents that continue to teach this cycle of hatred and judgement of others, generation after generation. We all have our stories, and these are mine. And after hundreds of years, we are still left with the same unanswered question; "What have we, as the black American children of kidnapped African slaves ever do to deserve such hatred?" {AND THIS IS WHY WE PROTEST}
Download or read book Igbo History Hebrew Exiles of Eri written by Omabala Aguleri and published by eBookIt.com. This book was released on 2014-07-13 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This s an Igbo History book that has the first time told of how the people of the South East and the South South Zones are Igbo. These are the Edo, the Itsekiri, the Urhobo, the Ijaw, the Ogoni, the Ika, the Opobo, the Efik, the Anang, the Ibibio, the Ogoja the Obubra, the Owerri, the Anambra, the Udi, the Ezeagu, the Nkanu, the Nsukka, the Akpoto, the Izza the Izzi, the Ikwo, the Ngwa, the Andoni, the Ikwerre, the Ndokki and others are all Igbo. Every family in the South East and South South owe it a duty to book for copies of this book for their children at home and abroad.
