Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Tumor Suppressive Gene and MicroRNA in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Kar-lok Kong and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Tumor Suppressive Gene and Microrna in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Kar-Lok Kong and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and Characterization of Tumor Suppressive Gene and MicroRNA in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" by Kar-lok, Kong, 江家樂, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4645569 Subjects: Small interfering RNA Antioncogenes Esophagus - Cancer - Genetic aspects
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Tumor Suppressor Gene and Cancer Stemness Gene in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Liyi Zhang and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and Characterization of Tumor Suppressor Gene and Cancer Stemness Gene in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" by Liyi, Zhang, 張麗儀, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the major histological subtype of esophageal cancer, is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis in the world. Despite continued development of diagnosis and treatment, ESCC remains the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Current treatment regimens in ESCC are often characterized by ineffectiveness and poor selectivity. Therapeutic methods directed at cancer-associated genes or cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be effective approaches to cure this deadly cancer. Therefore, this study aims to identify specific ESCC-related genes and cancer stemness genes which help us to develop new targeted agents to achieving objective, long-lasting therapeutic responses in ESCC. To obtain an accurate overview of genetic changes occurring in ESCC patients, our group performed microarray-based mRNA expression profiling and high-throughout transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare differentially expressed genes between ESCC tumors and their corresponding non-tumorous tissues. Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) was considered to be a candidate of primary interest due to significantly reduced expression in both microarray and RNA-Seq data. In this study, we examined the role of PSCA on the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. Our results showed that PSCA was frequently down-regulated in ESCC. Its expression was negatively regulated by transcription factor SOX5. Also, we provided evidence that down-regulation of PSCA was associated with poor clinical outcomes of patients with ESCC. Both in vitro and in vivo assays revealed that PSCA could arrest cell cycle progression and promote differentiation. To further elucidate the mechanism involved in biological function of PSCA, we performed co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy to identify proteins that associate with PSCA. This study found that RB1CC1, a key signaling node to regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, interacted specifically with PSCA both in vitro and in vivo. Binding of PSCA and RB1CC1 in cytoplasm resulted in stabilization and translocation of RB1CC1 into nucleus and then further regulates the crucial cell cycle and differentiation genes. Furthermore, in order to identify the cancer stemness genes specifically expressed in CSCs of ESCC, we utilized gene expression analysis to profile 34 stemness-associated genes in ESCC specimens. Developmental pluripotency associated 4 (DPPA4), a well known pluripotent marker of stem cell, was considered as the best candidate. Our following histopathological study demonstrated that DPPA4 rigorously marked the rare CSCs, in contrast to core stemness factors (OCT4 and SOX2) and previous reported CSC markers (CD90 and CD44), which expressed in a large population of cancer cells. Moreover, the expression of DPPA4 was also found to have prognostic value in ESCC, as the appearance of DPPA4+ cells was significantly associated with poor differentiation, advanced stage and higher incidences of lymph node metastasis. Finally, our functional studies showed that ESCC cells expressing exogenous DPPA4 conferred an enhanced ability to initiate tumor, self-renew, resist chemotherapy and metastasize through lymphatic system. In summary, this study provide evidence indicating that novel tumor suppressor gene PSCA and cancer stemness gene DPPA4 may contribute to the development and pr
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Tumor Suppressor Gene and Cancer Stemness Gene in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by 張麗儀 and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Cancer Related Genes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Li Fu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and Characterization of Cancer-related Genes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" by Li, Fu, 付利, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Identification and characterization of cancer-related genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Submitted by Fu Li For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in June 2007 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the fourth most common malignancies in China. Previous studies have shown that ESCC is a lethal disease caused by a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. However, the genetic steps involved in carcinogenesis of ESCC are still unclear. This study aims to identify more ESCC-related genes and to characterize their roles in the tumorigenesis of ESCC. Deletion of chromosome 3p is common in ESCC, suggesting the existence of one or more tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) at this region. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-mass spectrometry-genotyping (SMSG), was applied to investigate loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 3p in 100 primary ESCC cases with 386 SNP markers. The accuracy of LOH frequency detected by SMSG was further validated by quantitative real-time PCR in five selected SNP loci and the results demonstrated that SMSG is a reliable tool for LOH screening. Four minimal deleted regions (MDRs) at 3p26.3, 3p22, i3p21.3 and 3p14.2 were identified. Absent and down-regulated expression of candidate TSGs from MDRs and other frequent LOH loci, including CHL1, APG7L, PCAF, RBMS3, PLCD1 and CACNA2D3, were detected in primary ESCC tumors and ESCC cell lines. Deletions of MDR-1, 2 and 4 correlated with both advanced tumor stage and poor differentiation in ESCC further strengthened the clinical relevance to these deleted regions. A potential TSG located at 3p22, Phospholipase C-δ1 (PLCD1), was subsequently characterized. Absent expression of PLCD1 was detected in 26/50 (52%) primary ESCCs and 4/9 (44.4%) ESCC cell lines, which was significantly associated with DNA- copy-number loss and promoter hypermethylation (P The majority of ESCC patients presented with advanced/metastatic disease upon diagnosis let us to identify new biomarkers for molecular tumor staging and prognostic evaluation. Differentially expressed proteins among different stages of primary ESCCs and their paired nontumorous tissues were compared by proteomics-based technology. Among 18 differentially expressed proteins, the expression levels of alpha-actinin 4 ii(ACTN4) and 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) progressively increased from stage I to III. Clinicopathological correlation study using TMA revealed that ACTN4 overexpression was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage and lymph node metastasis while 67LR overexpression was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage. In summary, this study provided evidence that more ESCC-associated 3p
Download or read book Identification and Functional Analysis of Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes in Chromosome 9 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Escc written by Chun-Lam Wong and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and Functional Analysis of Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes in Chromosome 9 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC)" by Chun-lam, Wong, 黃俊霖, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4520421 Subjects: Antioncogenes Esophagus - Cancer - Genetic aspects
Download or read book Identification and Functional Analysis of Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes in Chromosome 9 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ESCC written by Chun-lam Wong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Two Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes written by Hau-Yi Paulisally Lo and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Characterization of Two Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes: ADAMTS9 and CRIP2 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" by Hau-yi, Paulisally, Lo, 盧巧兒, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4589498 Subjects: Antioncogenes Esophagus - Cancer - Genetic aspects
Download or read book CHARACTERIZATION OF ONCOGENIC written by Qinghui Hu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Characterization of Oncogenic Function of MicroRNA665 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" by Qinghui, Hu, 胡庆慧, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been increasing in incidence, but knowledge of the genetic basis of this disease remains limited. In general, esophageal carcinoma can be divided into two main types: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC). The pathogenesis of esophageal carcinoma still remains unclear, although some risk factors like chronic irritation, or chronic inflammation which may be caused by diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or unhealthy lifestyles like smoking have been proved to be related to the carcinogenic process. Diagnosis and treatment for this kind of cancer have continue to develop and evolve, but the 5-year overall survival rate is still relatively low. Therefore, it is clinically important to identify any potential genetic changes which may help us to discover some useful biomarker targets for the further development of more direct and harmless targeted therapy for our esophageal cancer patients. Objectives: In this study, I aimed to identify some potential oncogenic microRNA (miRNA) and to study their clinical meaning in ESCC patients. Methods: Microarray was applied to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in ESCC tumour tissue, compared with corresponding adjacent non-tumour esophageal tissue. One candidate oncogenic miRNA, miR-665, was investigated in the present study. After testing the expression level of miR-665 in ESCC cell lines and patients' samples with RT-PCR, miR-665 stably expressing cells was established using two ESCC cell lines (KYSE30 and KYSE510). Functional characterization was then conducted using in vitro and in vivo assays to examine the effect of miR-665 towards the development of ESCC. Bioinformatic software such as Target Scan was used to generate a list of predicted target genes that may be modulated by miR-665. Results: The high expression of miR-665 has been confirmed in ESCC tissues and cell lines, showing the potential carcinogenic function of miR-665. Ectopic expression of miR-665 also demonstrates its ability to enhance tumour growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatic analysis of miR-665 predicted targets showed putative binding sites for miR-665 within the 3'UTR region of NLK. Conclusions: This study has identified a novel miRNA and a related gene which might play an important role in the pathogenesis of ESCC, affecting the cancer process and tumour growth. This may help to find potential new biomarker for the future improvement and development of new treatment of ESCC patients. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5108698 Subjects: Esophagus - Cancer - Genetic aspects Small interfering RNA
Download or read book Characterization of Plant Homeodomain Finger Protein 11 Phf11 a Candidate Tumor Suppressor in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Wai-Ying Cheung and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Characterization of Plant Homeodomain Finger Protein 11 (PHF11), a Candidate Tumor Suppressor, in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" by Wai-ying, Cheung, 張慧盈, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. High occurrence of ESCC is observed in Southeast Asia. Identification and characterization of ESCC important tumor suppressor genes will be highly beneficial to the understanding of the disease and for the early diagnosis and improvement of therapy for the cancer. In our previous microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) studies, the transfer of an intact chromosome 13 into the recipient ESCC cell line revealed the tumor suppressive ability and putative tumor suppressive function of chromosome 13 in ESCC. One candidate gene, Plant-Homeodomain Finger Protein 11(PHF11), was identified from the study and selected for further functional studies in this current study. PHF11, located on chromosomal region 13q14, contains two plant homeodomain fingers and is a member of the PHD finger protein family. PHF11was reported to be associated with asthma and atopic diseases, yet no studies of PHF11havebeen reported in cancer to date. This study is the first to report the functional role of PHF11in tumor suppression. In this current study, two isoforms of PHF11, PHF11aand b, were reintroduced into ESCC cell lines by methods of transient tranfection and lentiviral-infection. In vitro studies showed both isoforms have cell proliferation and colony-formation inhibition abilities. In the nude mouse tumorigenicity assay, however, it was revealed that only thePHF11aisoform was tumor suppressive in vivo. No differences in angiogenesis-related factors and apoptosis-related factors were observed in PHF11a-and b-expressing cells. Further studies by Western blotting analysis and flow cytometry analysis showed that PHF11amay play a role in delaying cell cycle progression by the down-regulation of cyclin expression, while the PHF11bmay be functionally inactive, The results of this current study further confirm the tumor suppressive role of PHF11ain ESCC, whereas the PHF11b isoform was unable to suppress tumor formation in vivo. Further study of the PHF11 isoforms to identify their differential functions and interacting partners will provide a better understanding of the mechanism by which PHF11a suppressestumor growth. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5016283 Subjects: Antioncogenes Esophagus - Cancer - Genetic aspects
Download or read book Characterization of Two Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes written by Hau-yi Lo (Paulisally) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Tumor Suppressive Role of DESC1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by 吳凱欣 and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System written by F. T. Bosman and published by International Agency for Research on Cancer. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System presented in this book reflects the views of a Working Group that convened for an Editorial and Consensus Conference at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, December 10-12, 2009"--P. [5].
Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer written by Cesar Lopez-Camarillo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and th
Download or read book New Prognostic and Predictive Markers in Cancer Progression written by Susan Costantini Alfredo Budillon and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-02-12 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomarkers are of critical medical importance for oncologists, allowing them to predict and detect disease and to determine the best course of action for cancer patient care. Prognostic markers are used to evaluate a patient’s outcome and cancer recurrence probability after initial interventions such as surgery or drug treatments and, hence, to select follow-up and further treatment strategies. On the other hand, predictive markers are increasingly being used to evaluate the probability of benefit from clinical intervention(s), driving personalized medicine. Evolving technologies and the increasing availability of “multiomics” data are leading to the selection of numerous potential biomarkers, based on DNA, RNA, miRNA, protein, and metabolic alterations within cancer cells or tumor microenvironment, that may be combined with clinical and pathological data to greatly improve the prediction of both cancer progression and therapeutic treatment responses. However, in recent years, few biomarkers have progressed from discovery to become validated tools to be used in clinical practice. This Special Issue comprises eight review articles and five original studies on novel potential prognostic and predictive markers for different cancer types.
Download or read book Human Skin Cancers written by Miroslav Blumenberg and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human skin cancers, the most common type of tumors, represent a significant health burden. The deadliest is unquestionably melanoma. Half of melanomas have an activating mutation in the BRAF gene, prompting development of novel drugs, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, specifically targeting mutated BRAF. Trametinib and cobimetinib, which block MEK, a BRAF effector protein, have been used in combination with BRAF inhibitors. A promising new melanoma treatment is immunotherapy, approach that boosts patient's own immune system to attack cancer. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab inhibit PD-1, whereas Ipilimumab targets CTLA-4, another immunity check point, to boost the immune response. Here we focus on pathways, mechanisms, targets and treatments of human skin cancers, with particular emphasis on the new developments in the research on melanomas.
Download or read book Molecular Genetic Pathology written by Liang Cheng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 1136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Genetic Pathology, Second Edition presents up-to-date material containing fundamental information relevant to the clinical practice of molecular genetic pathology. Fully updated in each area and expanded to include identification of new infectious agents (H1N1), new diagnostic biomarkers and biomarkers for targeted cancer therapy. This edition is also expanded to include the many new technologies that have become available in the past few years such as microarray (AmpliChip) and high throughput deep sequencing, which will certainly change the clinical practice of molecular genetic pathology. Part I examines the clinical aspects of molecular biology and technology, genomics. Poharmacogenomics and proteomics, while Part II covers the clinically relevant information of medical genetics, hematology, transfusion medicine, oncology, and forensic pathology. Supplemented with many useful figures and presented in a helpful bullet-point format, Molecular Genetic Pathology, Second Edition provides a unique reference for practicing pathologists, oncologists, internists, and medical genetisists. Furthermore, a book with concise overview of the field and highlights of clinical applications will certainly help those trainees, including pathology residents, genetics residents, molecular pathology fellows, internists, hematology/oncology fellows, and medical technologists in preparing for their board examination/certification.
