Download or read book Hypothesis Testing Made Simple written by Leonard Gaston Ph.D. and published by Leonard Gaston Ph.D.. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This tutorial, directed primarily toward students doing research projects, is intended to help them do four things : (1) Decide if their data gathering activity can yield numerical data that will permit a meaningful hypothesis test. (2) If it will, decide if one of the tests described would be useful. (3) If so, apply that test, and (4) Adequately explain the use of the test so their readers can have confidence in their analysis. It is not intended to be a text for a complete statistics course – only a guide to few relatively simple tests . Complex hypothesis testing procedures are not covered. For example, the discussion of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) introduces what is called one way ANOVA. Two way ANOVA, a more complex procedure involving the use of blocking variables, is not covered. It simply presents a few commonly used tests and down-to-earth explanations of how to use them. It is intended to be a low cost supplement that can help its reader understand a few commonly-used tests. It was put together on a shoestring by a non-mathematician for the benefit of other non-mathematicians -- or for mathematicians who have forgotten some or all of the statistics they have studied. There are no color illustrations or professionally-prepared charts and graphs. Economy was a guiding principle. Four brief introductory chapters discuss numbers, basic terms, measures of central tendency and dispersion, probability, and data presentation. With that background the book then introduces various tests and explains them in down to earth language.
Download or read book Hypothesis Testing Made Simple written by Leonard Gaston, Ph.d. and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This tutorial, directed primarily toward students doing research projects, is intended to help them do four things : (1) Decide if their data gathering activity can yield numerical data that will permit a meaningful hypothesis test. (2) If it will, decide if one of the tests described would be useful. (3) If so, apply that test, and (4) Adequately explain the use of the test so their readers can have confidence in their analysis. It is not intended to be a text for a complete statistics course – only a guide to few relatively simple tests . Complex hypothesis testing procedures are not covered. For example, the discussion of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) introduces what is called one way ANOVA. Two way ANOVA, a more complex procedure involving the use of blocking variables, is not covered. It simply presents a few commonly used tests and down-to-earth explanations of how to use them. It is intended to be a low cost supplement that can help its reader understand a few commonly-used tests. It was put together on a shoestring by a non-mathematician for the benefit of other non-mathematicians -- or for mathematicians who have forgotten some or all of the statistics they have studied. There are no color illustrations or professionally-prepared charts and graphs. Economy was a guiding principle.Four brief introductory chapters discuss numbers, basic terms, measures of central tendency and dispersion, probability, and data presentation. With that background the book then introduces various tests and explains them in down to earth language.
Download or read book Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences written by Gregory J. Privitera and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2011-09-07 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences is an introduction to statistics text that will engage students in an ongoing spirit of discovery by illustrating how statistics apply to modern-day research problems. By integrating instructions, screenshots, and practical examples for using IBM SPSS® Statistics software, the book makes it easy for students to learn statistical concepts within each chapter. Gregory J. Privitera takes a user-friendly approach while balancing statistical theory, computation, and application with the technical instruction needed for students to succeed in the modern era of data collection, analysis, and statistical interpretation.
Download or read book Learning Statistics with R written by Daniel Navarro and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-01-13 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Learning Statistics with R" covers the contents of an introductory statistics class, as typically taught to undergraduate psychology students, focusing on the use of the R statistical software and adopting a light, conversational style throughout. The book discusses how to get started in R, and gives an introduction to data manipulation and writing scripts. From a statistical perspective, the book discusses descriptive statistics and graphing first, followed by chapters on probability theory, sampling and estimation, and null hypothesis testing. After introducing the theory, the book covers the analysis of contingency tables, t-tests, ANOVAs and regression. Bayesian statistics are covered at the end of the book. For more information (and the opportunity to check the book out before you buy!) visit http://ua.edu.au/ccs/teaching/lsr or http://learningstatisticswithr.com
Download or read book Statistics Using Technology Second Edition written by Kathryn Kozak and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-12-12 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistics With Technology, Second Edition, is an introductory statistics textbook. It uses the TI-83/84 calculator and R, an open source statistical software, for all calculations. Other technology can also be used besides the TI-83/84 calculator and the software R, but these are the ones that are presented in the text. This book presents probability and statistics from a more conceptual approach, and focuses less on computation. Analysis and interpretation of data is more important than how to compute basic statistical values.
Download or read book Introductory Business Statistics paperback B w written by Alexander Holmes and published by . This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printed in b&w. Introductory Business Statistics is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the one-semester statistics course for business, economics, and related majors. Core statistical concepts and skills have been augmented with practical business examples, scenarios, and exercises. The result is a meaningful understanding of the discipline, which will serve students in their business careers and real-world experiences.
Download or read book What is a P value Anyway written by Andrew Vickers and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2010 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is a p-value Anyway? offers a fun introduction to the fundamental principles of statistics, presenting the essential concepts in thirty-four brief, enjoyable stories. Drawing on his experience as a medical researcher, Vickers blends insightful explanations and humor, with minimal math, to help readers understand and interpret the statistics they read every day. Describing data; Data distributions; Variation of study results: confidence intervals; Hypothesis testing; Regression and decision making; Some common statistical errors, and what they teach us For all readers interested in statistics.
Download or read book Starting Statistics written by Neil Burdess and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-02-17 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistics: A Short, Clear Guide is an accessible, humorous and easy introduction to statistics for social science students. In this refreshing book, experienced author and academic Neil Burdess shows that statistics are not the result of some mysterious "black magic", but rather the result of some very basic arithmetic. Getting rid of confusing x′s and y′s, he shows that it′s the intellectual questions that come before and after the calculations that are important: (i) What are the best statistics to use with your data? and (ii) What do the calculated statistics tell you? Statistics: A Short, Clear Guide aims to help students make sense of the logic of statistics and to decide how best to use statistics to analyse their own data. What′s more, it is not reliant on students having access to any particular kind of statistical software package. This is a very useful book for any student in the social sciences doing a statistics course or needing to do statistics for themselves for the first time.
Download or read book Statistical Inference via Data Science A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse written by Chester Ismay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-23 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse provides a pathway for learning about statistical inference using data science tools widely used in industry, academia, and government. It introduces the tidyverse suite of R packages, including the ggplot2 package for data visualization, and the dplyr package for data wrangling. After equipping readers with just enough of these data science tools to perform effective exploratory data analyses, the book covers traditional introductory statistics topics like confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and multiple regression modeling, while focusing on visualization throughout. Features: ● Assumes minimal prerequisites, notably, no prior calculus nor coding experience ● Motivates theory using real-world data, including all domestic flights leaving New York City in 2013, the Gapminder project, and the data journalism website, FiveThirtyEight.com ● Centers on simulation-based approaches to statistical inference rather than mathematical formulas ● Uses the infer package for "tidy" and transparent statistical inference to construct confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests via the bootstrap and permutation methods ● Provides all code and output embedded directly in the text; also available in the online version at moderndive.com This book is intended for individuals who would like to simultaneously start developing their data science toolbox and start learning about the inferential and modeling tools used in much of modern-day research. The book can be used in methods and data science courses and first courses in statistics, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.
Download or read book OpenIntro Statistics written by David Diez and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OpenIntro project was founded in 2009 to improve the quality and availability of education by producing exceptional books and teaching tools that are free to use and easy to modify. We feature real data whenever possible, and files for the entire textbook are freely available at openintro.org. Visit our website, openintro.org. We provide free videos, statistical software labs, lecture slides, course management tools, and many other helpful resources.
Download or read book Statistics For Dummies written by Deborah J. Rumsey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fun and easy way to get down to business with statistics Stymied by statistics? No fear? this friendly guide offers clear, practical explanations of statistical ideas, techniques, formulas, and calculations, with lots of examples that show you how these concepts apply to your everyday life. Statistics For Dummies shows you how to interpret and critique graphs and charts, determine the odds with probability, guesstimate with confidence using confidence intervals, set up and carry out a hypothesis test, compute statistical formulas, and more. Tracks to a typical first semester statistics course Updated examples resonate with today's students Explanations mirror teaching methods and classroom protocol Packed with practical advice and real-world problems, Statistics For Dummies gives you everything you need to analyze and interpret data for improved classroom or on-the-job performance.
Download or read book Computational Statistics in the Earth Sciences written by Alan D. Chave and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines theoretical underpinnings of statistics with practical analysis of Earth sciences data using MATLAB. Supplementary resources are available online.
Download or read book Communication Research Statistics written by John C. Reinard and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "While most books on statistics seem to be written as though targeting other statistics professors, John Reinard′s Communication Research Statistics is especially impressive because it is clearly intended for the student reader, filled with unusually clear explanations and with illustrations on the use of SPSS. I enjoyed reading this lucid, student-friendly book and expect students will benefit enormously from its content and presentation. Well done!" --John C. Pollock, The College of New Jersey Written in an accessible style using straightforward and direct language, Communication Research Statistics guides students through the statistics actually used in most empirical research undertaken in communication studies. This introductory textbook is the only work in communication that includes details on statistical analysis of data with a full set of data analysis instructions based on SPSS 12 and Excel XP. Key Features: Emphasizes basic and introductory statistical thinking: The basic needs of novice researchers and students are addressed, while underscoring the foundational elements of statistical analyses in research. Students learn how statistics are used to provide evidence for research arguments and how to evaluate such evidence for themselves. Prepares students to use statistics: Students are encouraged to use statistics as they encounter and evaluate quantitative research. The book details how statistics can be understood by developing actual skills to carry out rudimentary work. Examples are drawn from mass communication, speech communication, and communication disorders. Incorporates SPSS 12 and Excel: A distinguishing feature is the inclusion of coverage of data analysis by use of SPSS 12 and by Excel. Information on the use of major computer software is designed to let students use such tools immediately. Companion Web Site! A dedicated Web site includes a glossary, data sets, chapter summaries, additional readings, links to other useful sites, selected "calculators" for computation of related statistics, additional macros for selected statistics using Excel and SPSS, and extra chapters on multiple discriminant analysis and loglinear analysis. Intended Audience: Ideal for undergraduate and graduate courses in Communication Research Statistics or Methods; also relevant for many Research Methods courses across the social sciences
Download or read book Hypothesis Testing written by Lee Baker and published by Lee Baker. This book was released on with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you have a degree in statistics, you probably know how to choose the correct statistical hypothesis test and you might not learn anything from this book. Then again, you just might… Kristen Kehrer, who has a Master’s degree in statistics, said: “Lee Baker has developed a wonderful visual aid which, frankly, I wish I had when I was first learning about all the different types of test statistics”. The aid she’s talking about is a statistical test flow chart that I call The Hypothesis Wheel, and is what you’ll learn about in Hypothesis Testing. If you’re one of the 99% of researchers and analysts who use statistics but have never studied it at University, then this book is for you. Hypothesis Testing is a short guide to learning how to ask all the right questions of your data to help you in choosing the correct statistical hypothesis test, aided by The Hypothesis Wheel. It is a snappy little non-threatening book about everything you ever wanted to know (but were afraid to ask) about choosing the correct hypothesis test, answers the most frequently asked questions and inspires you to take the next steps in your journey. First, I’ll explain what statistical hypothesis testing is in simple terms. Then I’ll show you how to write a good hypothesis for your study. You’ll learn the difference between a scientific hypothesis and a statistical hypothesis, and between the Null and Alternative hypotheses. Then I’ll introduce to you the Hypothesis Wheel and show you how to use it to choose the correct hypothesis test for your study, first time, every time. By the time you’ve read Hypothesis Testing, you’ll know as much about choosing hypothesis tests as a statistician with a PhD! Yes, really. I’ve left nothing out! Hypothesis Testing makes no assumptions about your previous experience and is perfect for beginners and those just getting started with analysing data. Discover the world of hypothesis testing and choosing the correct statistical test. Get this book, TODAY!
Download or read book Statistics from A to Z written by Andrew A. Jawlik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistics is confusing, even for smart, technically competent people. And many students and professionals find that existing books and web resources don’t give them an intuitive understanding of confusing statistical concepts. That is why this book is needed. Some of the unique qualities of this book are: • Easy to Understand: Uses unique “graphics that teach” such as concept flow diagrams, compare-and-contrast tables, and even cartoons to enhance “rememberability.” • Easy to Use: Alphabetically arranged, like a mini-encyclopedia, for easy lookup on the job, while studying, or during an open-book exam. • Wider Scope: Covers Statistics I and Statistics II and Six Sigma Black Belt, adding such topics as control charts and statistical process control, process capability analysis, and design of experiments. As a result, this book will be useful for business professionals and industrial engineers in addition to students and professionals in the social and physical sciences. In addition, each of the 60+ concepts is covered in one or more articles. The 75 articles in the book are usually 5–7 pages long, ensuring that things are presented in “bite-sized chunks.” The first page of each article typically lists five “Keys to Understanding” which tell the reader everything they need to know on one page. This book also contains an article on “Which Statistical Tool to Use to Solve Some Common Problems”, additional “Which to Use When” articles on Control Charts, Distributions, and Charts/Graphs/Plots, as well as articles explaining how different concepts work together (e.g., how Alpha, p, Critical Value, and Test Statistic interrelate). ANDREW A. JAWLIK received his B.S. in Mathematics and his M.S. in Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of Michigan. He held jobs with IBM in marketing, sales, finance, and information technology, as well as a position as Process Executive. In these jobs, he learned how to communicate difficult technical concepts in easy - to - understand terms. He completed Lean Six Sigma Black Belt coursework at the IASSC - accredited Pyzdek Institute. In order to understand the confusing statistics involved, he wrote explanations in his own words and graphics. Using this material, he passed the certification exam with a perfect score. Those statistical explanations then became the starting point for this book.
Download or read book Hypothesis Testing written by Scott Hartshorn and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-29 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypothesis Testing & Statistical Significance If you are looking for a short beginners guide packed with visual examples, this booklet is for you. Statistical significance is a way of determining if an outcome occurred by random chance, or did something cause that outcome to be different than the expected baseline. Statistical significance calculations find their way into scientific and engineering tests of all kinds, from medical tests with control group and a testing group, to the analysis of how strong a newly made batch of parts is. Those same calculations are also used in investment decisions. This book goes through all the major types of statistical significance calculations, and works through an example using them, and explains when you would use that specific type instead of one of the others. Just as importantly, this book is loaded with visual examples of what exactly statistical significance is, and the book doesn't assume that you have prior in depth knowledge of statistics or that use regularly use an advanced statistics software package. If you know what an average is and can use Excel, this book will build the rest of the knowledge, and do so in an intuitive way. For instance did you know that Statistical Significance Can Be Easily Understood By Rolling A Few Dice? In fact, you probably already know this key concept in statistical significance, although you might not have made the connection. The concept is this. Roll a single die. Is any number more likely to come up than another ? No, they are all equally likely. Now roll 2 dice and take their sum. Suddenly the number 7 is the most likely sum (which is why casinos win on it in craps). The probability of the outcome of any single die didn't change, but the probability of the outcome of the average of all the dice rolled became more predictable. If you keep increasing the number of dice rolled, the outcome of the average gets more and more predictable. This is the exact same effect that is at the heart of all the statistical significance equations (and is explained in more detail in the book) You Are Looking At Revision 2 Of This Book The book that you are looking at on Amazon right now is the second revision of the book. Earlier I said that you might have missed the intuitive connections to statistical significance that you already knew. Well that is because I missed them in the first release of this book. The first release included examples for the major types of statistical significance A Z-Test A 1 Sample T-Test A Paired T Test A 2 Sample T-Test with equal variance A 2 Sample T-test with unequal variance Descriptions of how to use a T-table and a Z-table And those examples were good for what they were, but were frankly not significantly different than you could find in many statistics textbooks or on Wikipedia. However this revision builds on those examples, draws connections between them, and most importantly explains concepts such as the normal curve or statistical significance in a way that will stick with you even if you don't remember the exact equation. If you are a visual learner and like to learn by example, this intuitive booklet might be a good fit for you. Statistical Significance is fascinating topic and likely touches your life every single day. It is a very important tool that is used in data analysis throughout a wide-range of industries - so take an easy dive into the topic with this visual approach!
Download or read book Investigation and Management of Disease in Wild Animals written by G.A. Wobeser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - A hypothesis is a proposition, set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of a phenomenon, that can be tested. - The basis for scientific investigation is the collection of information to formulate and test hypotheses. - Experimental methods measure the effect of manipulations caused by the investigator; observational methods collect information about naturally occurring events. - There are three sub-types of experimental techniques that differ in the way subjects are chosen for inclusion in the study, in the amount of control that the investigator has over variables, and in the method used to assess changes in other variables. - Descriptive observational studies dominate the early phase of most investigations and involve the description of disease-related events in the population. Associations among factors may be observed but the strength of the associations is not measured. - Analytical observation al techniques are of three basic types: prevalence surveys, case:control studies, and incidence or cohort studies. All attempt to explain the nature of relationships among various factors and to measure the strength of associations. - Prevalence surveys and case:control studies deal with disease existing at the time of the study; incidence studies are concerned with the development of disease over time. - Observational studies may be retrospective, using existing data, or prospective with collection of new information.
