Download or read book Hydrothermal Alteration and Gold Deposition in the Homestake Iron formation hosted Gold Deposit Lead South Dakota written by Rayburn Chase Hamer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Homestake deposit located in Lead, South Dakota was one of the largest gold deposits, having produced over 40 million ounces of gold from 1876 to 2001. The deposit is hosted in the Proterozoic-aged Homestake formation which is an iron formation consisting of either iron-carbonate or iron-silicate metamorphic rocks. The unit is characterized by sideroplesite in the greenschist facies and grunerite in the lower amphibolite facies, with minor chlorite, biotite, quartz, and graphite. The ore is located in and adjacent to quartz veins, and typically consists of arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and native gold contained in a matrix of quartz±chlorite±biotite±garnet. Although mined for over 120 years, the mechanisms behind the localization of gold are still not well known.
Download or read book The Homestake Gold Mine an Early Proterozoic Iron formation hosted Gold Deposit Lawrence County South Dakota written by Stanton W. Caddey and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrothermal Alteration and Gold Mineralization in Biotite Zone Host Rocks at Homestake Mine in Lead South Dakota written by Andrew Edward Armstrong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A petrographic and geochemical study using traverses of samples from diamond drill core has been undertaken in the biotite zone of the Homestake Formation at the Homestake mine to discern if hydrothermal alteration is related to gold deposition. Samples of altered and background Homestake Formation from the biotite zone were selected for comparison from the Sanford Underground Science and Engineering Lab core archive in Lead, SD. This study focuses on some of the western synclinal ledges named 15 ledge, 17 ledge, and 25 ledge which tend to have an average trend of N 80° E and a typical plunge averaging 45°SE. Petrography indicates typical mineral assemblages in background samples of biotite zone Homestake Formation consist of anhedral fine grains (less than 0.25 mm) of chlorite, a magnesium-rich variety of siderite, ankerite, biotite, muscovite, and quartz. Coarse (1-3 mm) acicular grains of grunerite are found in background samples near the garnet isograd. Altered samples typically are more coarse-grained (greater than 0.5 mm), with euhedral matted chlorite, euhedral biotite, siderite, ankerite, quartz and muscovite. SEM analysis was performed to acquire chemical compositions and formulas of individual minerals in the samples to determine possible compositional changes due to hydrothermal alteration reactions. Grains of hydrothermal chlorite and hydrothermal biotite were consistently poorer in Fe compared their metamorphic counterparts. Whole rock major and trace element analyses were performed on the samples to constrain compositional changes between background and altered samples. In a grunerite-bearing traverse, samples closer to the mineralized quartz vein had higher concentrations of [AlOs, MgO, Au, Ag, As, Ga, Li, and V] and lower concentrations of [K.2O, SiC>2, Ba, Cs, and Rb]. Two traverses without grunerite in their background samples contain elevated As and Ag concentrations and lower Ba, Cs, and Rb concentrations towards the mineralized quartz vein similar to the grunerite bearing traverse, but the grunerite-deficient traverses differ by displaying decreasing concentration of [AlCh, MgO, K^O, SiO>2, Cs, Rb, Ga, Li, and V] towards the mineralized quartz vein. These differences in major and trace element concentrations relate to mineral abundances influenced not only by hydrothermal alteration but also by original lithology. Hydrothermal alteration reactions are proposed based on these analyses. The most important reaction involved grunerite alteration to chlorite which released abundant Fe into the fluid which likely disrupted the gold-bearing thiosulfide complexes and caused gold to precipitate in the Homestake Formation. Siderite alteration to ankerite was also important for Fe liberation but to a lesser degree, followed by alteration of metamorphic chlorite to hydrothermal chlorite to an even lesser extent. Reactions involving alteration of pyrrhotite to pyrite and arsenopyrite and liberation of gold from thiosulfide complexes were also determined. Alteration of metamorphic biotite to its hydrothermal counterpart and muscovite to hydrothermal chlorite contributed no iron to the gold precipitation process. The importance of the grunerite breakdown may explain the predominance of gold production from the eastern ledges of the mine in the garnet zone where grunerite is more abundant.
Download or read book Tertiary Mineralization and Hydrothermal Alteration in the Stinkingwater Mining Region Park County Wyoming written by Edward Malcolm MacKevett and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of lithology and structure on the gold deposits of the Rochford District.
Download or read book Epithermal Gold Deposits Part II written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metallogeny of Gold in the Black Hills South Dakota written by Colin J. Paterson and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Geology of Ore Deposits written by John M. Guilbert and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2007-02-09 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern civilizations dependence upon an increasing volume and diversity of minerals makes the search for new ore deposits ever more difficult. Now available from Waveland Press, Guilbert & Parks text presents ideas, principles, and data fundamental for beginning economic geologists to understand the genesis and localization of ore deposits and of the minerals associated with them. The authors comprehensively describe the physical and chemical characteristics of ore deposits and correlate them with environments and conditions of deposition, since ore deposits are best interpreted as extensions of the environments responsible for their enclosing rocks. Examples and illustrations emphasize structural, chemical, and temporal controls and encourage the three-dimensional thinking used by productive explorationists as they face unsolved problems. This upper-level undergraduate text is fully illustrated and meticulously indexed. Its reliable, authoritative coverage assumes an upper-level command of chemistry and physics, as well as mineralogy, petrology, and structural geology. Outstanding features . . . develops and combines the abilities of the explorationist and of the researcher of ore-forming processes structures the geologic descriptions into groupings recognized by researchers and explorers alike builds confidence, revitalizes curiosity, and encourages expanded thinking emphasizes that the days of easy discovery of outcropping ores are not over includes revised, expanded, and updated descriptions of districts
Download or read book U S Geological Survey Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Giant Metallic Deposits written by Peter Laznicka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metals in the earth's crust are very unevenly distributed and, traditionally, a small number of ore deposits, districts or countries have dominated the world supply and have influenced commodity prices. The importance of exceptionally large, or rich, deposits has greatly increased in the age of globalization when a small number of international corporations dominate the metals market, based on few very large ore deposits, practically anywhere in the world. Search for giant orebodies thus drives the exploration industry: not only the in-house teams of large internationals, but also hundreds of junior companies hoping to sell their significant discoveries to the "big boys". Geological characteristics of giant metallic deposits and their setting and the politico-economic constraints of access to and exploitation in prospective areas have been a "hot topic" in the past fifteen years, but the knowledge generated and published has been one-sided, scattered and fragmented. This is the first comprehensive book on the subject that provides body of solid facts rather than rapidly changing theories, written by author of the Empirical Metallogeny book series and founder of the Data Metallogenica visual knowledge system on mineral deposits of the world, who has had an almost 40 years long international academic and industrial experience. The book will provide abundant material for comparative research in metallogeny, practical information for the explorationists as to where to look for the "elephants", and some inspiration for commodity investors.
Download or read book Understanding Mineral Deposits written by Kula Misra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mineral deposits have supplied useful or valuable material for human consumption long before they became objects of scientific curiosity or commercial exploitation. In fact, the earliest human interest in rocks was probably because of the easily accessible, useful (e. g. , red pigment in the form of earthy hematite) or valuable (e. g. , native gold and gemstones) materials they contained at places. In modem times, the study of mineral deposits has evolved into an applied science employing detailed field observations, sophisticated laboratory techniques for additional information, and computer modeling to build complex hypotheses. Understanding concepts that would someday help geologists to find new mineral deposits or exploit the known ones more efficiently have always been, and will continue to be, at the core of any course on mineral deposits, but it is a fascinating subject in its own right, even for students who do not intend to be professional economic geologists. I believe that a course on mineral deposits should be designed as a "capstone course" that illustrates a comprehensive application of concepts from many other disciplines in geology (mineralogy, stratigraphy and sedimentation, structure and tectonics, petrology, geochemistry, paleontology, geomorphology, etc. ). This book is intended as a text for such an introductory course in economic geology, primarily for senior undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities. It should also serve as a useful information resource for professional economic geologists.
Download or read book Facies Models in Exploration and Development of Hydrocarbon and Ore Deposits written by Arnold H. Bouma and published by VSP. This book was released on 1991-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploration of natural resources is becoming more and more expensive. This means that more scientific approaches are needed using the best techniques available. However, no single technique can cover any of the objectives. Regional approaches, necessary to outline a prospective area, lack the detail required for exploration; detailed methods and techniques lack proper overview. A combination of both types of approaches and several techniques within are required to do optimal exploration. This book provides a number of examples (models) of different approaches and styles from different parts of the world, giving the reader not only new information but also a view of how different countries emphasize their exploration.
Download or read book Publications of the Geological Survey written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Geological Survey Professional Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petrography and Trace Element Distribution Across a Gold Ore Body in the Homestake Mine Lead South Dakota written by Thomas W. Bidgood and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geological Survey Professional Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Download or read book Hydrothermal Alteration Associated with Volcanic hosted Miocene Gold Mineralization of the Jumbo South Deposit Hart District Castle Mountains San Bernardino County California U S A written by Wendi Joan Whitehead Williams and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
