Download or read book Hybrid Process of Low Temperature Nitriding carburizing for Austenitic Stainless Steel written by Askar Triwiyanto and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Austenitic stainless steels are the most widely used in the chemical and petrochemical industry, cryogenic vessels, heat exchangers, machinery for paper, pulp, textile, pharmaceutical, and domestic equipment. This type of steels has excellent corrosion resistance and forming characteristics. However, due to its inherent austenitic structure this material has relatively low hardness as well as poor wear resistance. Earlier attempts to increase the surface hardness and wear resistance of austenitic stainless steels by surface treatments, such as conventional nitriding and nitrocarburizing, led to the deterioration in corrosion resistance arising from the depletion in chromium in the hardened layer. Attempts have been made to harden the surface of these materials without compromising their good corrosion resistance. These led to the development of low temperature nitriding and carburizing processes which are carried out at temperatures lower than 500 °C. So far, low temperature nitriding and caruburising of austenitic stainless steels have been successfully conducted by innovative techniques, including plasma nitriding, ion beam nitriding and ion implantation. However, no attempts have been made to harden these materials commercially using conventional processes such as gaseous and fluidized bed processes. This work describes the results of diferent thermochemical treatments of austenitic stainless steels carried out at 450 oC and 470 oC in a fluidised bed furnace which nitriding, carburizing and the newly developed hybrid process involving the simultaneous and sequential incorporation of nitrogen and carbon to form a dual layer structure. All these treatments formed alloyed layers with a common feature of being precipitation-free and supersaturated with nitrogen, or carbon or both in the austenite lattice which is known as S-Phase or expanded austenite. However the layer thickness was not uniform in any of these treatments and an effective layer was produced after 8h treatment duration. The nitriding treatment produced thicker and harder layer compared to other treatments; the maximum hardness was over 1500 Hv for nitriding and it was 500 Hv for carburizing treatment. The nitriding treatment sample showed better wear properties due to higher hardness value. The hybrid process of this thermochemical treatment at 470 oC showed superior thickness of 8.4 @m to 12.2 @m expanded austenite layer compared to another treatments at 450 oC without the presence of nitride particles.
Download or read book Low temperature Gas phase Carburizing and Nitriding of 17 7 Ph Stainless Steel written by Danqi Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature carburization and low-temperature nitridation were successfully applied on 17-7 PH stainless steel and significantly improved the surface hardness. Via an isothermal martensite-to-austenite phase transformation, carbon- and nitrogen-supersaturated expanded austenite was achieved. Delta ferrite grains with astonishing amount (greater than 18 at.%) of carbon (nitrogen) were observed after carburization (nitridation). The interstitially-supersaturated ferrite shows a uniform contrast, i. e. no diffraction contrast from extended structural defects under transmission electron microscopy. Plates with uniform contrast were observed in ferrite grains near the interface between the carburized layer and bulk material after carburization. These plates are enriched in carbon but do not form any carbide. A model based on segregation of carbon interstitials to dislocation cores is proposed, the featureless appearance being ascribed to strain field overlap of a massive dislocation network. As the carbon-dislocation binding energy is higher than that of carbon to iron in cementite, carbon atoms are able to segregate to the dislocations cores. With an extremely high dislocation density (1013/cm2), ferrite can take up to several wt. pct. carbon without any phase transformation. Similar mechanism holds for featureless nitrogen-supersaturated ferrite. But after nitriding at high temperature (713 K), rocksalt-structured nitrides MN1-x (M being Fe, Cr, Ni and Al) were observed in a Bain orientation relationship with respect to ferrite matrix. Low nitriding temperatures (623 K and 653 K) prefer M2N1-x plate formation in ferrite. Continuing nitriding tends to dissolve M2N1-x, forming featureless grain with MN1-x. In spite of processing condition designed to eliminate long-range diffusion of substitutional solute atoms, decomposition of austenite into ferrite and nitride was observed to occur during low-temperature nitridation realized by enhanced diffusion along the austenite-ferrite interphase interface. NiAl formed in ferrite during both carburization and nitridation, but lost ordering afterwards in carbon- and nitrogen- supersaturated ferrite grains.
Download or read book Practical Nitriding and Ferritic Nitrocarburizing written by David Pye and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Resistance written by Shih and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book has covered the state-of-the-art technologies, development, and research progress of corrosion studies in a wide range of research and application fields. The authors have contributed their chapters on corrosion characterization and corrosion resistance. The applications of corrosion resistance materials will also bring great values to reader's work at different fields. In addition to traditional corrosion study, the book also contains chapters dealing with energy, fuel cell, daily life materials, corrosion study in green materials, and in semiconductor industry.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Iron Steel and Their Alloys Online Version written by Rafael Colás and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 3918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of many important works featured in CRC Press’ Metals and Alloys Encyclopedia Collection, the Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys covers all the fundamental, theoretical, and application-related aspects of the metallurgical science, engineering, and technology of iron, steel, and their alloys. This Five-Volume Set addresses topics such as extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy and processing, physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing, metalworking, welding, iron- and steelmaking, heat treating, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming, surface finishing and coating, crystallography, metallography, computational metallurgy, metal-matrix composites, intermetallics, nano- and micro-structured metals and alloys, nano- and micro-alloying effects, special steels, and mining. A valuable reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, manufacturers, miners, researchers, and students, this must-have encyclopedia: Provides extensive coverage of properties and recommended practices Includes a wealth of helpful charts, nomograms, and figures Contains cross referencing for quick and easy search Each entry is written by a subject-matter expert and reviewed by an international panel of renowned researchers from academia, government, and industry. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]
Download or read book Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing PRICM 8 written by FernD.S. Marquis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 3431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PRICM-8 features the most prominent and largest-scale interactions in advanced materials and processing in the Pacific Rim region. The conference is unique in its intrinsic nature and architecture which crosses many traditional discipline and cultural boundaries. This is a comprehensive collection of papers from the 15 symposia presented at this event.
Download or read book Advances in Steel Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Steel Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Steel. The editors have built Advances in Steel Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Steel in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Steel Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Heat Treatment of Materials written by Jang Hyun Sung and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 3rd Asian Conference on the Heat Treatment of Materials (AHTM'05) provided a forum within which engineers, scientists, researchers and production managers could review and discuss recent progress and emerging topics in the fields of Advanced Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering Technology. General topics, and various R&D efforts related to heat treatment and surface engineering, were also covered at the Conference.
Download or read book Recent Trends in Manufacturing and Materials Towards Industry 4 0 written by Muhammed Nafis Osman Zahid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 1025 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents part of the proceedings of the Manufacturing and Materials track of the iM3F 2020 conference held in Malaysia. This collection of articles deliberates on the key challenges and trends related to manufacturing as well as materials engineering and technology in setting the stage for the world in embracing the fourth industrial revolution. It presents recent findings with regards to manufacturing and materials that are pertinent towards the realizations and ultimately the embodiment of Industry 4.0, with contributions from both industry and academia.
Download or read book Low Temperature Surface Carburization of Stainless Steels written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carburizing written by George Krauss and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1989 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very Good,No Highlights or Markup,all pages are intact.
Download or read book 1995 Carburizing and Nitriding with Atmospheres written by ASM International and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1995 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Temperature Nitriding of Steels by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation written by Carsten Blawert and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Source Book on Nitriding written by American Society for Metals. Publications Development and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999-04 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase Transformations Accompanying Low temperature Carburization of Martensitic Stainless Steels Under Paraequilibrium Conditions written by Chihoon Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CALPHAD based interstitial solid solution thermodynamic modeling was used to determine carbon solubility in the presence of select carbide phases and the eutectoid temperatures of 15-5 PH and 17-7 PH stainless steels under paraequilibrium conditions. Predictions using CALPHAD parameters from different sources in the literature were compared. Resulting values for the eutectoid temperature in 15-5 PH stainless steel varied nominally 100K depending upon the choice of Cr-Fe-C CALPHAD parameters employed. By converting from a dilute solution to a CALPHAD model, Cu-C interaction parameters were derived and applied to the numerical prediction. CALPHAD based thermodynamic modeling also was used to predict the effects of Cr and Ni on the solubility in Fe-based bcc and fcc matrices of graphite and paraequilibrium M3C, M7C3, and M23C6 carbides. The solubility of graphite increases with increasing Cr, and decreases with increasing Ni contents in both bcc and fcc matrices. For the Fe-Ni-C system, CALPHAD modeling of compositions up to 40 wt. pct. Ni found that the formation of paraequilibrium conbides increases the solubility of carbon relative to graphite for both bcc and fcc matrices at 700K. The Swagelok low-temperature carburization process was applied to 15-5 PH stainless steel over a temperature range from 380 to 450C. Through this process, hardened cases 8-12 æm thick were produced having a carbon content of 8-10 at. pct. as determined using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Near surface microstructures were examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microhardness testing measured case hardness values of 950-1100 HV which are much higher than the core hardness values of approximately 500 HV.
Download or read book Low Temperature Carburization of Ferritic Stainless Steels written by Joshua H. Katz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferritic stainless steels with a high chromium content were case hardened at 350 to 420o C using a carburization technique developed by the Swagelok company. This carburization treatment applied to body-centered cubic ferritic stainless steels has resulted in a case only a few microns thick in contrast to the 20 to 40 micron thick cases produced in face-centered cubic austenitic stainless steels carburized at 450 to 470o C. This situation has been investigated using CALPHAD based thermodynamic simulation techniques to explore the possible formation of carbides having the same composition of metal elements as their ferritic matrix, i.e. paraequilibrium carbides. Experimental work has included X-ray Diraction (XRD), hardness measurements, metallographic analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Auger Electron Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Both the simulation and the experimental work indicate that paraequilibrium carbides are forming a layer in the near surface region that creates a barrier which greatly restricts carbon diffusion into the ferrite phase during the carburization treatments.
