Download or read book Humanitarian Intervention written by Gordon W. Rudd and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Humanitarian Intervention Assisting the Iraqi Kurds in Operation Provide Comfort 1991 written by Gordon W. Rudd and published by Military Bookshop. This book was released on 2012-09-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With full color photographs and maps. "Humanitarian Intervention" is an operational study of the U.S.-led relief effort PROVIDE COMFORT, hastily organized in the spring of 1991 in response to the international outcry to stop the suffering and dying of the Iraqi Kurds who had been brutally suppressed in the aftermath of DESERT STORM and had fled across a mountainous border into Turkey. Gordon W. Rudd documents and describes this challenging operation involving joint and multinational forces. His study validates the capacity of military forces, well trained for war, not only to adapt quickly for humanitarian relief missions without specialized preparation but also to work alongside civilian relief agencies attempting to assist the refugees, requiring significant cooperation between the two groups. Today the potential of the new round of military-led peace operations to reduce turmoil and conflict-and, in effect, contribute to shaping the international environment-is significant, and soldiers now deployed in distant lands amidst unfamiliar people in the service of their nation will find Rudd's instructive perspective and record of the Army's experience invaluable.

Download or read book Humanitarian Intervention written by Department of the Army and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-23 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanitarian Intervention is an operational study of the U.S.-led relief effort PROVIDE COMFORT, hastily organized in the spring of 1991 in response to the international outcry to stop the suffering and dying of the Iraqi Kurds who had been brutally suppressed in the aftermath of DESERT STORM and had fled across a mountainous border into Turkey. Gordon W. Rudd documents and describes this challenging operation involving joint and multinational forces. His study validates the capacity of military forces, well trained for war, not only to adapt quickly for humanitarian relief missions without specialized preparation but also to work alongside civilian relief agencies attempting to assist the refugees, requiring significant cooperation between the two groups. Today the potential of the new round of military-led peace operations to reduce turmoil and conflict-and, in effect, contribute to shaping the international environment-is significant, and soldiers now deployed in distant lands amidst unfamiliar people in the service of their nation will find Rudd's instructive perspective and record of the Army's experience invaluable.

Download or read book Humanitarian Intervention Assisting the Iraqi Kurds in Operation Provide Comfort 1991 2004 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Operation Provide Comfort written by Gordon William Rudd and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Operation Provide Comfort written by Larry M. Forster and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Humanitarian Operations in Northern Iraq 1991 with Marines in Operation Provide Comfort written by Ronald J. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Building Coalitions for Humanitarian Operations written by Donald G. Goff and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over one million Iraqi Kurds fled the military reprisals of Saddam Hussein following their uprising in northern Iraq immediately after DESERT STORM. Reports reaching the world indicated that two thousand Kurds died each day in the harsh cold mountains along the Turkish-Iraqi border. On 5 April 19-1, in cooperation with other allied nations, President Bush ordered American Military forces to begin airlifting humanitarian supplies to the Kurdish refugees. This Presidential decision established the largest military coalition ever formed in support of humanitarian operations. OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT was the code name used for the worldwide outpouring of humanitarian assistance provided to the Kurdish displaced persons. The coalition formed to support this operation consisted of army, navy, marine, air force, governmental and non- governmental agencies from thirteen nations. Time was critical. The coalition had to be formed quickly to provide the necessary humanitarian assistance to stop the dying in the mountains. The process of developing a military coalition to support humanitarian operations is described in this individual study project. The conclusion presents key considerations in coalition building in the area of command relationships, rules of engagement and unit capabilities. Recommendations are made in response to the key considerations. Building coalitions to support humanitarian operations will continue into the 21st century and the United States must be prepared to lead in the formation of coalitions.

Download or read book Building Coalitions for Humanitarian Operations written by Donald G. Goff and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over one million Iraqi Kurds fled the military reprisals of Saddam Hussein following their uprising in northern Iraq immediately after DESERT STORM. Reports reaching the world indicated that two thousand Kurds died each day in the harsh cold mountains along the Turkish-Iraqi border. On 5 April 19-1, in cooperation with other allied nations, President Bush ordered American Military forces to begin airlifting humanitarian supplies to the Kurdish refugees. This Presidential decision established the largest military coalition ever formed in support of humanitarian operations. OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT was the code name used for the worldwide outpouring of humanitarian assistance provided to the Kurdish displaced persons. The coalition formed to support this operation consisted of army, navy, marine, air force, governmental and non- governmental agencies from thirteen nations. Time was critical. The coalition had to be formed quickly to provide the necessary humanitarian assistance to stop the dying in the mountains. The process of developing a military coalition to support humanitarian operations is described in this individual study project. The conclusion presents key considerations in coalition building in the area of command relationships, rules of engagement and unit capabilities. Recommendations are made in response to the key considerations. Building coalitions to support humanitarian operations will continue into the 21st century and the United States must be prepared to lead in the formation of coalitions.

Download or read book Intervention Ethnic Conflict and State Building in Iraq written by Michael Rear and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This examination of the 1991 uprisings in Iraq demonstrates how external intervention by the UN and other actors in ethnic conflicts has contributed to the problems with democratization experienced in the post-Saddam era.

Download or read book Kurdish Refugee Relief and Other Humanitarian Aid Issues in Iraq written by Lois McHugh and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This “CRS Issue Brief” describes conditions in the region of northern Iraq in April 1991, the US and international response to the plight of the Kurds, and the short and long-term policy issues that the US Congress may consider in that regard. The report begins with a review of the short-term actions taken by the United States to help the Kurds and the background to this assistance in terms of international assistance. The brief then describes the status of refugees in and from Iraq as of September 20, 1991, including regions in the north and south of Iraq. Mention is also made of the conditions elsewhere in Iraq, especially the damage to the Iraqi infrastructure and the food situation. A separate section of the brief reviews the international activities in Iraq, with specific figures showing requests for international humanitarian assistance by the United Nations and the Red Cross. US assistance up until September 20, 1991 is presented, in terms of the programmes funded, the amounts and the dates. Additional information on US assistance includes requests for additional aid and Congressional action, the role of the US military, and Operation Safe Haven. The last part of the brief analyses the long-term implications of the crisis for US policy and the Congress. Among the issues discussed are: funding relief and reconstruction; Iraqi reconstruction and international sanctions; the long-term security needs of the Kurds; the question of sovereignty; reorganizing UN humanitarian assistance.

Download or read book Humanitarian Military Intervention written by Taylor B. Seybolt and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military intervention in a conflict without a reasonable prospect of success is unjustifiable, especially when it is done in the name of humanity. Couched in the debate on the responsibility to protect civilians from violence and drawing on traditional 'just war' principles, the centralpremise of this book is that humanitarian military intervention can be justified as a policy option only if decision makers can be reasonably sure that intervention will do more good than harm. This book asks, 'Have past humanitarian military interventions been successful?' It defines success as saving lives and sets out a methodology for estimating the number of lives saved by a particular military intervention. Analysis of 17 military operations in six conflict areas that were thedefining cases of the 1990s-northern Iraq after the Gulf War, Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rwanda, Kosovo and East Timor-shows that the majority were successful by this measure. In every conflict studied, however, some military interventions succeeded while others failed, raising the question, 'Why have some past interventions been more successful than others?' This book argues that the central factors determining whether a humanitarian intervention succeeds are theobjectives of the intervention and the military strategy employed by the intervening states. Four types of humanitarian military intervention are offered: helping to deliver emergency aid, protecting aid operations, saving the victims of violence and defeating the perpetrators of violence. Thefocus on strategy within these four types allows an exploration of the political and military dimensions of humanitarian intervention and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each of the four types.Humanitarian military intervention is controversial. Scepticism is always in order about the need to use military force because the consequences can be so dire. Yet it has become equally controversial not to intervene when a government subjects its citizens to massive violation of their basic humanrights. This book recognizes the limits of humanitarian intervention but does not shy away from suggesting how military force can save lives in extreme circumstances.

Download or read book Reconstructing Iraq written by Gordon W. Rudd and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2011-05-30 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When President George W. Bush stood on the decks of the U.S.S. Lincoln in May 2003 and announced the victorious end to major combat operations in Iraq, he did so in front of a huge banner that proclaimed "Mission Accomplished." American forces had successfully removed the regime of Saddam Hussein with "rapid decisive operations"-and yet the United States was unprepared to effectively replace that regime. Gordon Rudd's excellent history reveals why in stark detail. Between the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the creation of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) that May, the Allied forces struggled to plug the governance gap created by the removal of Saddam Hussein's regime. Plugging that gap became the job of the Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance. Cobbled together with staff from diverse federal agencies and military branches, ORHA was led by Jay Garner, a key figure in assisting Kurdish refugees following Operation Desert Storm in 1991. Garner and ORHA were given mere weeks to stabilize a nation that had come completely apart at the seams. Iraq's infrastructure was in such a shambles-thanks to years of poor maintenance, international sanctions, and massive looting-that the mission was doomed to fail from the start. Rudd, field historian for ORHA and CPA, offers a critical look at this impossible effort. He shows that, while military planning for the invasion of Iraq had been conducted for over a decade, planning for regime replacement was haphazard at best. The result was an unnecessarily large loss of lives, treasure, time, and American prestige, despite the inspired efforts of Garner and his staff. Based on nearly 300 interviews and time on the ground in Iraq, Rudd's account also provides an unsettling look at the awkward transition from ORHA to CPA, revealing how Ambassador Paul Bremer managed to make things even worse. Garner here emerges as both heroic and tragic, a charismatic leader of great enthusiasm who took on a task of grand proportions but was poorly served by those who chose him for the mission. As Rudd makes clear, the key lesson of this experience is that regime removal solves nothing without effective regime replacement. That lesson, learned the hard way, serves as a cautionary tale for our engagement in future foreign conflicts.

Download or read book Humanitarian Operations in Northern Iraq 1991 with Marines in Operation Provide Comfort written by Ltc Ronald J Brown and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph tells the story of more than 3,600 U.S. Marines who supported Operation Provide Comfort, an international relief effort in northern Iraq from 7 April to 15 July 1991. The author presents historical glimpses of the Kurds, modern Iraq, and non-marine activities in order to provide background information. This work is one of a series about U.S. Marine operations in the Persian Gulf.

Download or read book Providing Comfort to Iraq s Kurds written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study seeks to determine how the United States has become the de facto security guarantor to Iraq's Kurds. The development of a formal relationship between the American government and Iraq's Kurdish population began as a response to a humanitarian crisis after the First Gulf War. The response mission was named Operation Provide Comfort. Though not intended to take sides, Operation Provide Comfort was a direct intervention into a conflict between the Iraqi state and Iraq's Kurds--one that provided political space for the Kurds to pursue autonomy at Baghdad's expense. Operation Provide Comfort was a shift in American policy on Iraq, made more prominent in comparison to American policy only three years earlier that declined to respond to allegations of genocide among these same Kurds by the same Iraqi state.This study recounts a brief history of Iraq's Kurds and of American policy regarding their liberation movement, and applies the framework of three prominent international relations theories--liberal internationalism, constructivism and realism --to analyze Operation Provide Comfort as a U.S. foreign policy decision. This study determines that all three frameworks explain aspects of the mission, though the application of each theory exposes Iraq's Kurdish question as an ongoing shortcoming in U.S. foreign policy.CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION * A. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH * B. LITERATURE REVIEW * C. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS AND HYPOTHESES * D. RESEARCH DESIGN * E. THESIS OVERVIEW AND CHAPTER OUTLINE * CHAPTER II - BRIEF HISTORY OF IRAQI KURDS * A. KURDS OF IRAQ * B. KURDISH NATIONALIST RESISTANCE IN IRAQ * 1. The Iraqi-Kurdish War * 2. The Iran-Iraq War and the Anfal Campaign * C. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER III - REVIEW OF IRAQI KURDS IN U.S. FOREIGN POLICY * A. AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AND IRAQ'S KURDS BEFORE THE FIRST GULF WAR * B. AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AND IRAQ'S KURDS AFTER THE FIRST GULF WAR * C. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER IV - INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (IR) FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS OF OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT * A. POLITICAL CONTEXT OF OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT * B. OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT WITHIN A LIBERAL INTERNATIONALIST FRAMEWORK * C. OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT WITHIN A CONSTRUCTIVIST FRAMEWORK * D. OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT WITHIN A REALIST FRAMEWORK * E. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER V - POLICY IMPLICATIONS * LIST OF REFERENCES * A. BOOKS * B. ARTICLES * C. GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

Download or read book The Objectives of United States Military Intervention in Northern Iraq Between Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soon after the end of the Persian Gulf War in 1991, the Kurdish people of northern Iraq rebelled against the regime of Saddam Hussein. The rebellion was violently crushed by the Iraqi military resulting in over 1 million Kurdish refugees throughout northern Iraq, northwestern Iran, and southeastern Turkey. This humanitarian tragedy prompted the United States to initiate Operation Provide Comfort. Since Operation Provide Comfort I began, and through its subsequent incarnations, Provide Comfort II and Northern Watch, the United States applied military force in order to accomplish a number of objectives. These objectives can be broken down into three categories: humanitarian, military, and political. This thesis analyzes the primary objectives of the United States military under each of these three categories in order to determine the answer to the primary question. The analysis resulted in the determination that the United States military did not accomplish all of the primary objectives it set out to accomplish. Although the application of military force successfully accomplished its principal humanitarian objective (the resettlement of the displaced Kurds), and although it was successfully accomplishing its primary military objective (deter Hussein from again attacking the Kurdish population), it did not accomplish its chief political objective (containment).

Download or read book Wings of Hope The United States Air Force and Humanitarian Airlift Operations written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information on concerns of Vietnam War veterans about the consequences of ecposure to Agent Orange.