Download or read book The Psychology of Human Values written by Gregory R Maio and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-10-19 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This original and engaging book advocates an unabashedly empirical approach to understanding human values: abstract ideals that we consider important, such as freedom, equality, achievement, helpfulness, security, tradition, and peace. Our values are relevant to everything we do, helping us choose between careers, schools, romantic partners, places to live, things to buy, who to vote for, and much more. There is enormous public interest in the psychology of values and a growing recognition of the need for a deeper understanding of the ways in which values are embedded in our attitudes and behavior. How do they affect our well-being, our relationships with other people, our prosperity, and our environment? In his examination of these questions, Maio focuses on tests of theories about values, through observations of what people actually think and do. In the past five decades, psychological research has learned a lot about values, and this book describes what we have learned and why it is important. It provides the first overview of psychological research looking at how we mentally represent and use our values, and constitutes important reading for psychology students at all levels, as well as academics in psychology and related social and health sciences.
Download or read book Human Values and the Mind of Man written by Ervin Laszlo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2023-09-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1971, Human Values and the Mind of Man examines how value questions have been treated in traditional theories of human nature. The book presents an interdisciplinary dialogue centred around the 'human mind'.
Download or read book Human Values First written by Sameer Zahr and published by Archway Publishing. This book was released on 2018-05-22 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before Howard retires as a successful factory owner, he fires close to a hundred men from one of his factories, replacing them with robots to improve profitability. But when one of his former workers commits suicide, Howard soon finds himself mired in guilt. After a long, hard thought, he elects not only to try to help those his actions have hurt but also to take steps toward understanding how artificial intelligence is changing the way humanity operates. He brings together a team of authorities in the field for debate and dialogue, exploring the question of how to uphold the priority of human values in the face of rapid technological achievement. As he works with them to look deeper into the subject and consider new courses of action, Howard discovers this study to be a worthwhile pursuit in his twilight years. After all, just how much does the average person know about the pros and cons of artificial intelligence and its future impact on our daily lives and moral values? In this novel, an accomplished retired businessman gathers a group of experts in order to explore the philosophical and moral implications of artificial intelligence.
Download or read book Human Values First written by Sōka Gakkai and published by . This book was released on 1974* with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Moral Landscape written by Sam Harris and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2011-09-13 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sam Harris dismantles the most common justification for religious faith--that a moral system cannot be based on science.
Download or read book Time Conflict and Human Values written by Julius Thomas Fraser and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Over the course of history, Fraser argues, human values have served primarily not as conservative influences that promote permanence, continuity, and balance - as commonly believed - but as revolutionary forces that, in the long run, promote change by generating and sustaining certain unresolvable conflicts."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Evolution and Human Values written by Robert Wesson and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 1995 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initiated by Robert Wesson, Evolution and Human Values is a collection of newly written essays designed to bring interdisciplinary insight to that area of thought where human evolution intersects with human values. The disciplines brought to bear on the subject are diverse - philosophy, psychiatry, behavioral science, biology, anthropology, psychology, biochemistry, and sociology. Yet, as organized by co-editor Patricia A. Williams, the volume falls coherently into three related sections. Entitled Evolutionary Ethics, the first section brings contemporary research to an area first explored by Herbert Spencer. Evolutionary ethics looks to the theory of evolution by natural selection to find values for human living. The second section, Evolved Ethics, discusses the evolution of language and religion and their impact on moral thought and feeling. Evolved ethics was partly Charles Darwin's subject in The Descent of Man. The last section bears the title Scientific Ethics. A nascent field, scientific ethics asks about the evolution of human nature and the implications of that nature for ethical theory and social policy. Together, the essays collected here provide important contemporary insights into what it is - and what it may be - to be human.
Download or read book Human Values in Education written by Rudolf Steiner and published by SteinerBooks. This book was released on 2004 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These lectures on education were given well after the founding of several Waldorf schools in Europe, and thus Steiner was able to draw on the practical experience of this form of education in action.
Download or read book The Nature of Human Values written by Milton Rokeach and published by New York : Free Press. This book was released on 1973 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Milton Rokeach's book The Nature of Human Values (1973), and the Rokeach Value Survey, which the book served as the test manual for, occupied the final years of his career. In it, he posited that a relatively few "terminal human values" are the internal reference points that all people use to formulate attitudes and opinions, and that by measuring the "relative ranking" of these values one could predict a wide variety of behavior, including political affiliation and religious belief. This theory led to a series of experiments in which changes in values led to measurable changes in opinion for an entire small city in the state of Washington.
Download or read book Understanding Human Values written by Milton Rokeach and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents theoretical, methodological, and empirical advances in understanding, and also in the effects of understanding, individual and societal values.
Download or read book The Alignment Problem Machine Learning and Human Values written by Brian Christian and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A jaw-dropping exploration of everything that goes wrong when we build AI systems and the movement to fix them. Today’s “machine-learning” systems, trained by data, are so effective that we’ve invited them to see and hear for us—and to make decisions on our behalf. But alarm bells are ringing. Recent years have seen an eruption of concern as the field of machine learning advances. When the systems we attempt to teach will not, in the end, do what we want or what we expect, ethical and potentially existential risks emerge. Researchers call this the alignment problem. Systems cull résumés until, years later, we discover that they have inherent gender biases. Algorithms decide bail and parole—and appear to assess Black and White defendants differently. We can no longer assume that our mortgage application, or even our medical tests, will be seen by human eyes. And as autonomous vehicles share our streets, we are increasingly putting our lives in their hands. The mathematical and computational models driving these changes range in complexity from something that can fit on a spreadsheet to a complex system that might credibly be called “artificial intelligence.” They are steadily replacing both human judgment and explicitly programmed software. In best-selling author Brian Christian’s riveting account, we meet the alignment problem’s “first-responders,” and learn their ambitious plan to solve it before our hands are completely off the wheel. In a masterful blend of history and on-the ground reporting, Christian traces the explosive growth in the field of machine learning and surveys its current, sprawling frontier. Readers encounter a discipline finding its legs amid exhilarating and sometimes terrifying progress. Whether they—and we—succeed or fail in solving the alignment problem will be a defining human story. The Alignment Problem offers an unflinching reckoning with humanity’s biases and blind spots, our own unstated assumptions and often contradictory goals. A dazzlingly interdisciplinary work, it takes a hard look not only at our technology but at our culture—and finds a story by turns harrowing and hopeful.
Download or read book Information and Human Values written by Kenneth Fleischmann and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to advance our understanding of the relationship between information and human values by synthesizing the complementary but typically disconnected threads in the literature, reflecting on my 15 years of research on the relationship between information and human values, advancing our intellectual understanding of the key facets of this topic, and encouraging further research to continue exploring this important and timely research topic. The book begins with an explanation of what human values are and why they are important. Next, three distinct literatures on values, information, and technology are analyzed and synthesized, including the social psychology literature on human values, the information studies literature on the core values of librarianship, and the human-computer interaction literature on value-sensitive design. After that, three detailed case studies are presented based on reflections on a wide range of research studies. The first case study focuses on the role of human values in the design and use of educational simulations. The second case study focuses on the role of human values in the design and use of computational models. The final case study explores human values in communication via, about, or using information technology. The book concludes by laying out a values and design cycle for studying values in information and presenting an agenda for further research.
Download or read book Remaking Ourselves Enterprise and Society written by G.P. Rao and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision makers interested in going beyond their own personal and professional interests and involving themselves in humanising their organization, community and society should read Remaking Ourselves, Enterprise and Society. This book is about adherence to human values at an institutional level, and its starting point is the belief that human beings have basic goodness, which in turn is reflected in the desire to be of help to others and to do good. Professor Rao introduces the Indian concept of 'Spandan' (Heartbeat). Spandan is operationalized through a process of diagnosis, discovery and development enabling organizations to achieve an optimal balance between what are defined as transactional, transformational, and terminal human values. This leads to management and organizations developing sensitivity to the needs of others, which they come to understand. When such sensitivity becomes integral to its work ethic and culture, an organization is able to temper its commitment to task with humanity and it becomes functionally humane. Experience suggests, not surprisingly, that organizations that can achieve this optimal balance between results and relations achieve higher employee commitment and productivity and increased accommodative spirit that better equips them to deal with difficult times. This exciting addition to Gower's Transformation and Innovation Series will enlighten business leaders, governmental and non-governmental policy makers, management educators, organization developers, and researchers.
Download or read book Re Creating Nature written by James T. Bradley and published by University Alabama Press. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of the moral and ethical implications of new biotechnologies Many of the ethical issues raised by new technologies have not been widely examined, discussed, or indeed settled. For example, robotics technology challenges the notion of personhood. Should a robot, capable of making what humans would call ethical decisions, be held responsible for those decisions and the resultant actions? Should society reward and punish robots in the same way that it does humans? Likewise, issues of safety, environmental concerns, and distributive justice arise with the increasing acceptance of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food production nanotechnology in engineering and medicine, and human gene therapy and enhancement. The problem of dual-use—when a technology can be used both to benefit and to harm—exists with virtually all new technologies but is central in the context of emerging 21st century technologies ranging from artificial intelligence and robotics to human gene-editing and brain-computer interfacing. In Re-Creating Nature: Science, Technology, and Human Values in the Twenty-First Century, James T. Bradley addresses emerging biotechnologies with prodigious potential to benefit humankind but that are also fraught with ethical consequences. Some actually possess the power to directly alter the evolution of life on earth including human. Specifically, these topics include stem cells, synthetic biology, GMOs in agriculture, nanotechnology, bioterrorism, CRISPR gene-editing technology, three-parent babies, robotics and roboethics, artificial intelligence, and human brain research and neurotechnologies. Offering clear explanations of these various technologies, a pragmatic presentation of the conundrums involved, and questions that illuminate hypothetical situations, Bradley guides discussions of these and other thorny issues resulting from the development of new biotechnologies. He also highlights the responsibilities of scientists to conduct research in an ethical manner and the responsibilities of nonscientists to become “science literate” in the twenty-first century.
Download or read book Striking First written by Michael W. Doyle and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does the United States have the right to defend itself by striking first, or must it wait until an attack is in progress? Is the Bush Doctrine of aggressive preventive action a justified and legal recourse against threats posed by terrorists and rogue states? Tackling one of the most controversial policy issues of the post-September 11 world, Michael Doyle argues that neither the Bush Doctrine nor customary international law is capable of adequately responding to the pressing security threats of our times. In Striking First, Doyle shows how the Bush Doctrine has consistently disregarded a vital distinction in international law between acts of preemption in the face of imminent threats and those of prevention in the face of the growing offensive capability of an enemy. Taking a close look at the Iraq war, the 1998 attack against al Qaeda in Afghanistan, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, among other conflicts, he contends that international law must rely more completely on United Nations Charter procedures and develop clearer standards for dealing with lethal but not immediate threats. After explaining how the UN can again play an important role in enforcing international law and strengthening international guidelines for responding to threats, he describes the rare circumstances when unilateral action is indeed necessary. Based on the 2006 Tanner Lectures at Princeton University, Striking First includes responses by distinguished political theorists Richard Tuck and Jeffrey McMahan and international law scholar Harold Koh, yielding a lively debate that will redefine how--and for what reasons--tomorrow's wars are fought.
Download or read book Human Values and Professional Ethics written by Gogate S.B. and published by Vikas Publishing House. This book was released on 2011 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Values and Professional Ethics fulfils this noble intention by providing thought-provoking inputs. The reader will be compelled to delve deeper into his own consciousness and explore values that will benefit him and the society. It will also help the reader to develop a holistic perspective towards life. The book explains the essential complementarities between ‘values’ and skills to ensure sustained happiness prosperity. The most delicate issues pertaining to the subject have been discussed in simple language with adequate scientific, logical and practical explanations. Although this book is specially designed for the engineering students of GBTU, the value inputs contained herein, will be equally to all educational disciplines.
Download or read book Foragers Farmers and Fossil Fuels written by Ian Morris and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-30 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best-selling author of Why the West Rules—for Now examines the evolution and future of human values Most people in the world today think democracy and gender equality are good, and that violence and wealth inequality are bad. But most people who lived during the 10,000 years before the nineteenth century thought just the opposite. Drawing on archaeology, anthropology, biology, and history, Ian Morris explains why. Fundamental long-term changes in values, Morris argues, are driven by the most basic force of all: energy. Humans have found three main ways to get the energy they need—from foraging, farming, and fossil fuels. Each energy source sets strict limits on what kinds of societies can succeed, and each kind of society rewards specific values. But if our fossil-fuel world favors democratic, open societies, the ongoing revolution in energy capture means that our most cherished values are very likely to turn out not to be useful any more. Foragers, Farmers, and Fossil Fuels offers a compelling new argument about the evolution of human values, one that has far-reaching implications for how we understand the past—and for what might happen next. Originating as the Tanner Lectures delivered at Princeton University, the book includes challenging responses by classicist Richard Seaford, historian of China Jonathan Spence, philosopher Christine Korsgaard, and novelist Margaret Atwood.
