Download or read book Human Papillomaviruses and Carcinoma cervix Newer tools for screening and detection of HPVs written by Pradyot Prakash and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidelines for the management of symptomatic sexually transmitted infections written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WHO global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections, 2016–2021, endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2016, aims to eliminate STIs as a public health threat by 2030. In 2019, WHO published estimates of new cases of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis. Recent changes in the epidemiology of STIs and progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of STIs and HIV have necessitated changes in approaches to STI prevention and management. To address these STIs, the most widely used approach in clinical settings is the syndromic management of STIs. In most resource-limited settings, the syndromic management flow charts are still the standard of care where laboratory diagnosis is not available or is hard to access. The objectives of these guidelines are to provide updated, evidence-informed clinical and practical recommendations on the case management of people with symptoms of STIs; and to support countries in updating their national guidelines for the case management of people with symptoms of STIs. These guidelines include the management of symptomatic infections related to urethral discharge syndrome, including persistent urethral discharge syndrome; vaginal discharge syndrome, including persistent vaginal discharge; anorectal infection; genital ulcer disease syndrome; and lower abdominal pain syndrome. These guidelines are intended for programme managers for STI prevention and control at the national level and the health-care providers at the frontline – primary, secondary and tertiary health care.
Download or read book New Research on Cervical Cancer written by George Z. Rolland and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cervical cancer is a malignancy of the cervix. World-wide, it is the second most common cancer of women. It may be present with vaginal bleeding but symptoms may be absent until the cancer is in advanced stages, which has made cervical cancer the focus of intense screening efforts. Most scientific studies point to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection responsible for 90% of the cases of cervical cancer. There are 7 most common types of HPV - 16, 18, 31, 33, 42, 52 and 58. Types 16 and 18 being the most common cause of the cancer. Treatment is with surgery (including local exicision) in early stages and chemotherapy and radiotherapy in advanced stages of the disease. This book presents cutting edge research in this field. This involves, programs for cancer screening, alternative approaches to cervical cancer prevention, HPV/Co-Infections and Host Genetic Profiles, Small Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix, Indicators of HPV-induced carcinogenesis, functional genomics as a tool for understanding cervical cancer, histone deacetylase inhibitors, Chinese women and cervical cancer and cervical cancer in Northeastern Thailand.
Download or read book Human Papillomaviruses and Cervical Cancer written by Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains twelve articles which explore the epidemiology of HPV, testing strategies for HPV infections, new HPV detection methods and other potential biomarkers that might prove useful in cervical cancer diagnosis. This book includes articles which address the research on biomarkers for cervical cancer.
Download or read book Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases written by Davy Vanden Broeck and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, and infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been identified as the causal agent for this condition. The natural history of cervical cancer is characterized by slow disease progression, rendering the condition, in essence, preventable and even treatable when diagnosed in early stages. Pap smear and the recently introduced prophylactic vaccines are the most prominent prevention options, but despite the availability of these primary and secondary screening tools, the global burden of disease is unfortunately still very high. This book will focus on epidemiological and fundamental research aspects in the area of HPV, and it will update those working in this fast-progressing field with the latest information.
Download or read book WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This current guideline delivers the initial output of the second phase of the guideline update: recommendations for the use of HPV mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) tests for screening to detect cervical pre-cancer and prevent cervical cancer.
Download or read book WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-06-05 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this publication, recommendations for the Use of dual-stain cytology to triage women after a positive test for human papillomavirus (HPV) are presented. Dual-stain cytology can be used as a triage test in cervical “screen, triage and treat" algorithms for cancer prevention. It is performed on liquid-based cytology (LBC) slides (not on conventional Pap smears) to detect the presence of two proteins: p16 and Ki-67. Recommendation for the general population of women: In a screen, triage and treat approach using HPV Nucleic Acid Tests (NATs) as the primary screening test among the general population of women, WHO suggests using partial genotyping, colposcopy, VIA, cytology or dual-stain cytology to triage women after a positive HPV NATs result. When providing dual-stain cytology to triage women after a positive HPV NAT, WHO suggests: using samples collected by the health worker; and retesting with HPV NATs 24 months after a negative dual-stain cytology result. These are conditional recommendations based on low-certainty evidence for dual-stain cytology as a triage test. No recommendation was made for using dual-stain cytology to triage women living with HIV after a positive HPV DNA test, because evidence on the outcomes of using dual-stain cytology applicable to this population was minimal.
Download or read book Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases written by Davy Vanden Broeck and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, and infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been identified as the causal agent for this condition. The natural history of cervical cancer is characterized by slow disease progression, rendering the condition in essence preventable and even treatable when diagnosed in early stages. Pap smear and the recently introduced prophylactic vaccines are the most prominent prevention options, but despite the availability of these primary and secondary screening tools, the global burden of disease is unfortunately still very high This book will focus on the clinical and diagnostic aspects of HPV and related disease, highlighting the latest developments in this field.
Download or read book European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Cervical Cancer Screening written by Marc Arbyn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: 1. Epidemiological guidelines for quality assurance in cervical cancer screening - 2. Methods for screening and diagnosis - 3. Laboratory guidelines and quality assurance practices for cytology - 4. Techniques and quality assurance guidelines for histopathology - 5. Management of abnormal cervical cytology - 6. Key performance indicators - 7. Annexes.
Download or read book Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Screening for Cervical Cancer written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We undertook this systematic review to assist the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in updating its 2003 recommendation on cervical cancer screening. During the planning phase of this evidence review on cervical cancer screening, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality decided to fund a separate modeling study to be conducted simultaneously. The USPSTF determined that the scope for both the systematic review and the modeling study would focus on important clinical questions that could inform effective use of screening in practice. This systematic review focuses on when to begin screening and on updating test accuracy and harms data on liquid-based cytology (LBC) and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, either alone or in combination with cytology. The modeling study focuses on the effectiveness of strategies that use different ages at which to begin screening and different screening intervals. These two reports are intended to provide the USPSTF with complementary information to update its recommendation on cervical cancer screening. Using the USPSTF's methods we developed an analytic framework and five key questions (KQs) to guide our literature search. These KQs include: KQ1: When should cervical cancer screening begin, and does this vary by screening technology or by age, sexual history, or other patient characteristics? KQ2: To what extent does liquid-based cytology improve sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic yield and reduce indeterminate results and inadequate samples compared to conventional cervical cytology? KQ3: What are the benefits of using HPV testing as a screening test, either alone or in combination with cytology, compared with not testing for HPV? KQ4: What are the harms of liquid-based cytology? KQ5: What are the harms of using HPV testing as a screening test, either alone or in combination with cytology?This report's scope differs from the 2002 USPSTF evidence report in several ways. KQ1, which was not included in the 2002 evidence report, addresses when cervical cancer screening should begin. Both LBC and automated screening technologies were evaluated in the prior review, and the evidence was determined to be insufficient to recommend for or against the use of these technologies in cervical cancer screening programs. For this review, we updated the evidence regarding LBC (KQ2) and focused on studies that evaluated either ThinPrep or SurePath, which are both FDA approved. The previous review evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the HPV test for detection of histologically proven HSIL and LSIL. The authors also evaluated the use of the HPV test as a tool to facilitate triage of women with abnormal cytology. The current review expanded the scope of KQ3 to evaluate the evidence regarding the use of HPV testing in the following scenarios: 1. Primary screening with HPV test alone. 2. HPV testing with cytology triage of positive HPV (reflex cytology). 3. Combination HPV and cytology testing (co-testing). 4. Cytology testing with HPV triage of positive cytology (reflex HPV). We addressed one contextual question that evaluated the efficacy of screening in women older than age 65 years according to the USPSTF's specified nonsystematic approach. The previous review addressed this question systematically, and the USPSTF recommended against routinely screening women older than age 65 years, based on limited evidence regarding the benefits of continued screening in these women. We did not update the direct evidence for screening in women after a hysterectomy because the prior USPSTF recommendation to discontinue screening after hysterectomy for benign disease is clearly supported. Because the HPV vaccine is so new, data to determine the long-term efficacy of the vaccine or how the HPV vaccine will affect screening is limited. Therefore, the USPSTF did not include a KQ addressing the impact of the HPV vaccine on cervical cancer screening.
Download or read book Clinical Gynecology written by Eric J. Bieber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 1127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with the busy practice in mind, this book delivers clinically focused, evidence-based gynecology guidance in a quick-reference format. It explores etiology, screening, tests, diagnosis, and treatment for a full range of gynecologic health issues. The coverage includes the full range of gynecologic malignancies, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, infectious diseases, urogynecologic problems, gynecologic concerns in children and adolescents, and surgical interventions including minimally invasive surgical procedures. Information is easy to find and absorb owing to the extensive use of full-color diagrams, algorithms, and illustrations. The new edition has been expanded to include aspects of gynecology important in international and resource-poor settings.
Download or read book Screening for Cervical Cancer written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide, carcinoma of the cervix is one of the most common malignancies in women. In the U.S. in 2010, approximately 12,200 women were expected to be diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 4,210 women were expected to die. Assuming no change in risk, approximately 0.68% of women born today will be diagnosed with cervical cancer at some time during their lifetime, and the risk of dying from the disease is 0.24%. The incidence of cervical cancer and associated mortality have both decreased by over 40% since 1973. These declines are largely attributable to the success of mass screening using the Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology test to diagnose premalignant or early-stage disease. The decrease in invasive cervical cancer incidence and mortality since the introduction of this test has been so dramatic that it is one of the few interventions to receive an “A” recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Despite the impact of cytology-based screening, there is still uncertainty about the details of cytology test performance, with specific concerns surrounding the poor sensitivity of cytology for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 and 3. Efforts to improve cytology test performance have focused on reducing the number of false-negative smears; that is, cases in which premalignant or malignant cells are not diagnosed either because of sampling error (failure to place abnormal cells on the slide) or detection error (abnormal cells are misdiagnosed as normal). The human papillomavirus (HPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test is currently recommended for use in cervical cancer screening. In the U.S., peak incidence and prevalence of HPV infection occur among women younger than age 25 years, but most infections in younger women are transient. HPV infections in older women are much less prevalent, but may carry a higher risk of progression to cervical neoplasia. As such, the American Cancer Society currently recommends that HPV testing be limited to women aged 30 years and older as part of a strategy of combination screening with cytology. In its previous recommendations, the USPSTF concluded that the evidence was insufficient to recommend for or against the routine use of HPV testing as a screening test for cervical cancer, although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of HPV DNA testing for triage of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or in conjunction with cytology for women aged 30 years or older. Quantifying the harms and benefits of HPV testing in order to inform any changes to the existing recommendations is one focus of this report. For the purposes of this report, HPV testing refers to use of the HC2 test only. Other questions addressed in this report include the optimal ages at which to begin and end screening, as well as the interval at which screening should be conducted. Currently, the USPSTF recommends that women begin screening within 3 years of onset of sexual activity or at age 21 years (whichever comes first), and that screening be conducted at least every 3 years. In terms of the age at which to end screening, the USPSTF recommendation states that screening should not be routinely recommended for women aged 65 years or older who have a history of normal Pap tests and are not otherwise at high risk for cervical cancer. Despite these recommendations, the summary states that direct evidence to estimate the optimal starting and stopping age and interval for screening is limited. This report summarizes the results from a decision analysis conducted using a previously developed and validated cervical cancer decision model. The Duke Cervical Cancer model was originally developed as part of a review of new screening technologies for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The model has been used to estimate the effectiveness of new screening technologies in a number of different settings and populations.
Download or read book Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most women who die from cervical cancer, particularly in developing countries, are in the prime of their life. They may be raising children, caring for their family, and contributing to the social and economic life of their town or village. Their death is both a personal tragedy, and a sad and unnecessary loss to their family and their community. Unnecessary, because there is compelling evidence, as this Guide makes clear, that cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer, as long as it is detected early and managed effectively. Unfortunately, the majority of women in developing countries still do not have access to cervical cancer prevention programmes. The consequence is that, often, cervical cancer is not detected until it is too late to be cured. An urgent effort is required if this situation is to be corrected. This Guide is intended to help those responsible for providing services aimed at reducing the burden posed by cervical cancer for women, communities and health systems. It focuses on the knowledge and skills needed by health care providers, at different levels of care.
Download or read book Human Papillomavirus New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Papillomavirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Diagnosis and Screening. The editors have built Human Papillomavirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Diagnosis and Screening in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Human Papillomavirus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book A Practical Manual on Visual Screening for Cervical Neoplasia written by R. Sankaranarayanan and published by International Agency for Research on Cancer. This book was released on 2003 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. This book serves as a concise teaching manual on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and with Lugol's iodine to train health personnel, especially in developing countries, with the aim to detect this disease in the early pre-invasive phase and save women's lives. These two simple low-technology screening tests based on the ability of the trained health-care personnel to detect acetowhite areas, or yellow non-iodine uptake areas, in the cervical transformation zone are being evaluated as potential alternatives to cervical cytology.
Download or read book Emerging Issues on HPV Infections written by Joseph Monsonégo and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a concise update of the current knowledge on human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and their intimate link to cervical cancer, the book focuses on five interrelated topics: high- and low-risk HPV infections, methods for HPV detection and use of
