Download or read book Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase written by Stuart LeGrice and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-23 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reverse Transcriptase (RT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) arguably ranks amongst one of the most extensively studied retroviral enzymes. Heterologous expression and purification of HIV-1 RT in the early eighties, approval of the first nucleoside analogue RT inhibitor (NRTI) in 1987, discovery of resistance to RT inhibitors, approval of the first non-nucleoside analogue RT inhibitor (NNRTI) in 1996 and the various crystal structures of RT with and without bound substrate(s) and/or inhibitors represent only a few of the important milestones that describe the a bench-to-bedside success in the continuing effort to combat HIV-1 infection and its consequences. Nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitors remain important components in frequently used drug regimens to treat the infection. RT inhibitors also play important roles in recently validated strategies to prevent transmission of the virus. The relevance of HIV-1 RT as a drug target has simultaneously triggered interest in basic research studies aimed at providing a more detailed understanding of interactions between proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecule ligands in general terms. In light of the ever-growing knowledge on structure and function of HIV-1 RT, this enzyme serves as a valuable “model system” in efforts to develop novel experimental tools and to explain biochemical processes. This monograph is designed to provide an overview of important aspects in past and current HIV-1 RT research, with focus on mechanistic aspects and translation of knowledge into drug discovery and development. The first section includes chapters with emphasis placed on the coordination of the RT-associated DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities. The second covers mechanisms of action and future perspectives associated with NRTIs and NNRTIs, while the third section includes chapters focusing on novel strategies to target the RT enzyme. Chapters of the final part are intended to discuss mechanisms involved in HIV variability and the development of drug resistance. We hope that these contributions will stimulate interest, and encourage research aimed at the development of novel RT inhibitors. The lack of bona fide RNase H inhibitors with potent antiviral activity provides an example for challenges and opportunities in the field.
Download or read book Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in HIV AIDS Therapy written by Gail Skowron and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-10 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A magisterial survey of all aspects of the reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) used to treat HIV/AIDS, including drug discovery, pharmacology, development of drug resistance, toxicity, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS. The authors synthesize our current understanding of the role of reverse transcriptase in the viral life cycle, describe the discovery and development of eight nucleoside and nucleotide analogs that represent milestones in treatment history, and thoroughly discuss the question of toxicity and resistance to this class of drugs. They also address three non-nucleoside RTIs and their pharmacokinetics and comparative clinical efficacy, new RTIs currently under development, and the impact of approved agents on treatment, in general, and on vertical transmission in the developing world.
Download or read book Human Retroviruses written by Bryan Cullen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to specifically cover the molecular biology of retroviruses - of immense importance since the high profile of HIV. International contributors provide detailed reviews of the latest knowledge. An excellent text for both medical and non-medical researchers, it also serves as an illuminating introduction for scientists active in other areas.
Download or read book The Human Immunodeficiency Virus written by Emilio Emini and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few years have witnessed an explosive increase in our collective knowledge of the biology of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Researchers have acquired new understanding of the virus's biochemistry, molecular biology, pathogenesis, genetics, and immunobiology. Resulting therapeutic advances have significantly prolonged the lives of thousands. Yet, the need to develop better therapies is ever more acute and--given the virus's continued spread through the human population--the need for an effective vaccine is urgent. These goals can be accomplished only through the experienced synthesis of information from the many disciplines participating in HIV research and through the insights of new investigators. This volume is designed to lower the barriers imposed on investigators by the sheer volume of available information--information that often can be found only in far-flung and specialized journals. It provides, in a single resource, an in-depth overview of the diverse areas that constitute HIV research. The result is a broad introduction for students and researchers new to the field as well as an integrated overview for researchers specialized in particular areas of HIV investigation. The volume will also benefit those seeking technical understanding of the virus's biology, including physicians treating HIV-infected patients. Each chapter is a comprehensive presentation of one area of current AIDS research--including work on the virus life cycle, epidemiology, genetics, protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors, receptor and co-receptor interactions, therapeutic targets, clinical treatment, immunobiology, and vaccines--written by a leading researcher in that area. The contributors are Jon P. Anderson, Jan Balzarini, Elana Cherry, Thomas J. Coates, Chris Collins, Jon H. Condra, Mark B. Feinberg, Richard B. Gaynor, Matthias Götte, Daria J. Hazuda, Spyros Kalams, Nathaniel R. Landau, Gerald H. Learn, Norman L. Letvin, James I. Mullins, Willscott E. Naugler, David Nickle, Matthew Rain, Allen G. Rodrigo, Daniel Shriner, Shalom Spira, Mario Stevenson, Todd Summers, Catherine Ulich, Joseph P. Vacca, Mark A. Wainberg, Bruce D. Walker, and Yang Wang.
Download or read book HIV 1 Integrase written by Nouri Neamati and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers the mechanisms of action and inhibitor design for HIV-1 integrase. It serves as a resource for scientists facing challenging drug design issues and researchers in antiviral drug discovery. Despite numerous review articles and isolated book chapters dealing with HIV-1 integrase, there has not been a single source for those working to devise anti-AIDS drugs against this promising target. But this book fills that gap and offers a valuable introduction to the field for the interdisciplinary scientists who will need to work together to design drugs that target HIV-1 integrase.
Download or read book Reverse Transcriptase written by Anna M. Skalka and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 20 chapters of this volume touch upon virtually all aspects of reverse transcription. The first sections highlight the retroviral enzymes, reviewing many details concerning their formation and function. The later sections discuss reverse transcription in other viruses, genetic elements, and cell
Download or read book Encyclopedia of AIDS written by Thomas J. Hope and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology of RNA Tumor Viruses written by John R. Stephenson and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of RNA Tumor Viruses ...
Download or read book AIDS Testing written by Gerald Schochetman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the two years since the publication of the first edition of this book, the global spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has continued. HIV was estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993 to have at least 13 million individuals worldwide, with 1 million infected infected in the United States. HIV/AIDS in the United States has become the leading cause of death among men 25 to 44 years of age and the fifth leading cause of death among women of the same age group. Prevention of HIV infection remains a global challenge. Testing for HIV is the cornerstone for surveillance and prevention programs and for the provision of appropriate medical care for those who are infected. Such testing is equally essential to the search for effective antivirus drugs and vaccines. This second edition of AIDS Testing incorporates the most current thinking on test methodology and interpretation, some of which has changed considerably over the past two years. This edition also has been expanded to include a section consisting of six chapters on test applica tions and a section consisting of four chapters on management issues. This edition, like the first, describes in clear terms all the complex ele ments of testing, including applications, scientific principles, quality assurance, safety, and medical, ethical, and legal considerations.
Download or read book Research Advancements in Pharmaceutical Nutritional and Industrial Enzymology written by Bharati, Shashi Lata and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymes have interesting applications in our biological system and act as valuable biocatalysts. Their various functions allow enzymes to develop new drugs, detoxifications, and pharmaceutical chemistry. Research Advancements in Pharmaceutical, Nutritional, and Industrial Enzymology provides emerging research on biosynthesis, enzymatic treatments, and bioengineering of medicinal waste. While highlighting issues such as structural implications for drug development and food applications, this publication explores information on various applications of enzymes in pharmaceutical, nutritional, and industrial aspects. This book is a valuable resource for medical professionals, pharmacists, pharmaceutical companies, researchers, academics, and upper-level students seeking current information on developing scientific ideas for new drugs and other enzymatic advancements.
Download or read book Retroviral Reverse Transcriptases written by Simon Litvak and published by . This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme which is crucial in the replication of retroviruses (pathogen agents which may cause tumors, leukemias and AIDS). The structure and function of this enzyme is described with special emphasis on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase since a multidisciplinary gigantic effort has been devoted to this enzyme because of its link with AIDS. The presence of reverse transcriptase in other animal, plant, yeast and bacterial systems is mentioned. The last part of the book is devoted to the search of specific inhibitors of the retroviral reverse transcriptase, some of which are already used in clinics against pathologies produced by these agents.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction Caused by Drugs and Environmental Toxicants written by Yvonne Will and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed as a one-stop reference source for drug safety and toxicology professionals, this book explains why mitochondrial failure is a crucial step in drug toxicity and how it can be avoided. • Covers both basic science and applied technology / methods • Allows readers to understand the basis of mitochondrial function, the preclinical assessments used, and what they reveal about drug effects • Contains both in vitro and in vivo methods for analysis, including practical screening approaches for drug discovery and development • Adds coverage about mitochondrial toxicity underlying organ injury, clinical reports on drug classes, and discussion of environmental toxicants affecting mitochondria
Download or read book Human Immunodeficiency Virus pol Gene Products Advances in Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Immunodeficiency Virus pol Gene Products—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Human Immunodeficiency Virus pol Gene P in a compact format. The editors have built Human Immunodeficiency Virus pol Gene Products—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Human Immunodeficiency Virus pol Gene P in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Human Immunodeficiency Virus pol Gene Products—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Oral Board Review for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery written by Robert Reti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-05 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oral board exam for the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (ABOMS) can be intimidating to many surgeons due to the broad range of information one must know for the exam. However, while the examination guidelines provide a general outline of topics that may be covered, there is no true direction on how to prepare for it. Traditionally, candidates do so by using what are considered “underground” databanks, previous test questions, and power point presentations that run the gamut of commonly covered material. Until now, there have been no current comprehensive oral board review books available for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery boards. Oral Board Review for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery fills that gap as the go-to resource for those attempting to successfully challenge the oral boards and for residents to polish up on their training. Edited and authored by top physicians in the field, this book is concise and easy to read, yet thorough with high yield information. An outline of the pertinent material is reviewed, and a patient work up is presented. Important questions to ask, signs to look for, and labs/images to order are included. It also includes tables and keywords that are typically mentioned on the exam and also offers explanations to some key points. Next are cases, which are presented in a question and answer format. As the case progresses, more complicated scenarios requiring management are presented. Lastly, complications are covered, which is the final section of each board scenario. Included are basic topics the surgeon needs to know, followed by topics that are nice to know, and numerous highly debated/complex questions that are discussed among candidates preparing for the exam. It should be noted that the authors are not privy to any inside information about the exam. What is presented is material candidates that have successfully passed the exam feel is important to know. This book is not endorsed by American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons or the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Download or read book Idiotypes in Medicine Autoimmunity Infection and Cancer written by R.C. Kennedy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-11-19 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most comprehensive review of the idiotypic network available. All the current knowledge of idiotypes of the various antibodies is incorporated in this volume. The pathogenic role of idiotypes in autoimmunity and cancer is reviewed in depth. The therapeutic part focusses on harnessing anti-idiotypes for treating autoimmunological disorders, and on the employment of idiotypes for vaccines in cancer and infectious diseases, as well as explaining the manipulation of the idiotypic network in autoimmunity and cancer idiotypes and vaccines.
Download or read book The Search for Anti Inflammatory Drugs written by Vincent J. Merluzzi and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-02-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perspectives on Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Inflammation is a very complicated process of interrelated events and cas cades that does not allow for an easily defined, focused attack for drug discovery. It is evident from years of research and development that certain classes of compounds (e.g., NSAIDs, steroids, and so on) have had a meas ure of success in alleviating pain and even dampening cellularlhormonal mechanisms involved in the process. Clear, mechanism-related therapies (e.g., for arthritis) and targeted drugs (e.g., for transplantation) have not been available in the past and, in reality, research in inflammation has re lied on more phenomenological approaches for resolving symptoms or on blatant cytoreductive approaches in cases like organ transplantation. In the last decade, approaches that have revealed novel cellular pathways in which intervention is possible for lymphocyte regulation (for example, cyclosporine and FK506) and small molecular weight mediators (e.g., leu kotriene inhibitors) are now either standard therapy or will be in a short time. These latter approaches have been the result of research from the 1970s up to the present.
Download or read book Human Retrovirology written by Jörg Schüpbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a concise review of the known human retroviruses; the onco-retroviruses HTLV-1 and -2 and the AIDS-associated lentiviruses HIV-1 and -2. History, classification, general and genomic structure, and basic biologic facts of retroviruses are described in introductory chapters. Subsequent chapters deal with the epidemiology, disease spectrum, structure and functions of the viral genes and proteins of the individual viruses. A separate chapter describes the various humoral and cellular immune mechanisms in response to HIV and their use with respect to diagnosis and treatment. Special attention is given to the complicated pathogenesis of AIDS and the consequences with regard to therapy and vaccination. The book ends with a critical review of recent work suggesting a possible role of still other retroviruses in human disorders including malignancies, autoimmune, or neurologic diseases. The book is designed to give the reader a broad, but detailed view of human retroviruses and the diseases associated with them. It tries to connect the viral, immunologic, and pathologic aspects of these infections to unifying concepts - no quick answers though, but profound critical information on a complicated topic.
