Download or read book A Primer on Hardware Prefetching written by Babak Falsafi and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970’s, microprocessor-based digital platforms have been riding Moore’s law, allowing for doubling of density for the same area roughly every two years. However, whereas microprocessor fabrication has focused on increasing instruction execution rate, memory fabrication technologies have focused primarily on an increase in capacity with negligible increase in speed. This divergent trend in performance between the processors and memory has led to a phenomenon referred to as the “Memory Wall.” To overcome the memory wall, designers have resorted to a hierarchy of cache memory levels, which rely on the principal of memory access locality to reduce the observed memory access time and the performance gap between processors and memory. Unfortunately, important workload classes exhibit adverse memory access patterns that baffle the simple policies built into modern cache hierarchies to move instructions and data across cache levels. As such, processors often spend much time idling upon a demand fetch of memory blocks that miss in higher cache levels. Prefetching—predicting future memory accesses and issuing requests for the corresponding memory blocks in advance of explicit accesses—is an effective approach to hide memory access latency. There have been a myriad of proposed prefetching techniques, and nearly every modern processor includes some hardware prefetching mechanisms targeting simple and regular memory access patterns. This primer offers an overview of the various classes of hardware prefetchers for instructions and data proposed in the research literature, and presents examples of techniques incorporated into modern microprocessors.

Download or read book Advances in Principal Component Analysis written by Ganesh R. Naik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-11 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on the latest advances in concepts and further developments of principal component analysis (PCA), addressing a number of open problems related to dimensional reduction techniques and their extensions in detail. Bringing together research results previously scattered throughout many scientific journals papers worldwide, the book presents them in a methodologically unified form. Offering vital insights into the subject matter in self-contained chapters that balance the theory and concrete applications, and especially focusing on open problems, it is essential reading for all researchers and practitioners with an interest in PCA.

Download or read book Energy Aware System Design written by Chong-Min Kyung and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-17 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power consumption becomes the most important design goal in a wide range of electronic systems. There are two driving forces towards this trend: continuing device scaling and ever increasing demand of higher computing power. First, device scaling continues to satisfy Moore’s law via a conventional way of scaling (More Moore) and a new way of exploiting the vertical integration (More than Moore). Second, mobile and IT convergence requires more computing power on the silicon chip than ever. Cell phones are now evolving towards mobile PC. PCs and data centers are becoming commodities in house and a must in industry. Both supply enabled by device scaling and demand triggered by the convergence trend realize more computation on chip (via multi-core, integration of diverse functionalities on mobile SoCs, etc.) and finally more power consumption incurring power-related issues and constraints. Energy-Aware System Design: Algorithms and Architectures provides state-of-the-art ideas for low power design methods from circuit, architecture to software level and offers design case studies in three fast growing areas of mobile storage, biomedical and security. Important topics and features: - Describes very recent advanced issues and methods for energy-aware design at each design level from circuit and architecture to algorithm level, and also covering important blocks including low power main memory subsystem and on-chip network at architecture level - Explains efficient power conversion and delivery which is becoming important as heterogeneous power sources are adopted for digital and non-digital parts - Investigates 3D die stacking emphasizing temperature awareness for better perspective on energy efficiency - Presents three practical energy-aware design case studies; novel storage device (e.g., solid state disk), biomedical electronics (e.g., cochlear and retina implants), and wireless surveillance camera systems. Researchers and engineers in the field of hardware and software design will find this book an excellent starting point to catch up with the state-of-the-art ideas of low power design.

Download or read book Multi Core Cache Hierarchies written by Rajeev Balasubramonian and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key determinant of overall system performance and power dissipation is the cache hierarchy since access to off-chip memory consumes many more cycles and energy than on-chip accesses. In addition, multi-core processors are expected to place ever higher bandwidth demands on the memory system. All these issues make it important to avoid off-chip memory access by improving the efficiency of the on-chip cache. Future multi-core processors will have many large cache banks connected by a network and shared by many cores. Hence, many important problems must be solved: cache resources must be allocated across many cores, data must be placed in cache banks that are near the accessing core, and the most important data must be identified for retention. Finally, difficulties in scaling existing technologies require adapting to and exploiting new technology constraints. The book attempts a synthesis of recent cache research that has focused on innovations for multi-core processors. It is an excellent starting point for early-stage graduate students, researchers, and practitioners who wish to understand the landscape of recent cache research. The book is suitable as a reference for advanced computer architecture classes as well as for experienced researchers and VLSI engineers. Table of Contents: Basic Elements of Large Cache Design / Organizing Data in CMP Last Level Caches / Policies Impacting Cache Hit Rates / Interconnection Networks within Large Caches / Technology / Concluding Remarks

Download or read book Biostatistics for Human Genetic Epidemiology written by Bertram K. C. Chan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book illustrates how biostatistics may numerically summarize human genetic epidemiology using R, and may be used successfully to solve problems in quantitative Genetic Epidemiology Biostatistics for Human Genetic Epidemiology provides statistical methodologies and R recipes for human genetic epidemiologic problems. It begins by introducing all the necessary probabilistic and statistical foundations, before moving on to topics related human genetic epidemiology, with R codes illustrations for various examples. This clear and concise book covers human genetic epidemiology, using R in data analysis, including multivariate data analysis. It examines probabilistic and statistical theories for modeling human genetic epidemiology – leading the readers through an effective epidemiologic model, from simple to advanced levels. Classical mathematical, probabilistic, and statistical theory are thoroughly discussed and presented. This book also presents R as a calculator and using R in data analysis. Additionally, it covers Advanced Human Genetic Data Concepts, the Study of Human Genetic Variation, Manhattan Plots, as well as the Procedures for Multiple Comparison. Numerous Worked Examples are provided for illustrations of concepts and real-life applications. Biostatistics for Human Genetic Epidemiology is an ideal reference for professionals and students in Medicine (particularly in Preventive Medicine and Public Health Medical Practices), as well as in Genetics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics.

Download or read book Advances in Computers written by Suyel Namasudra and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-02-04 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Computers, Volume 124 presents updates on innovations in computer hardware, software, theory, design and applications, with this updated volume including new chapters on Traffic-Load-Aware Virtual Channel Power-gating in Network-on-Chips, An Efficient DVS Scheme for On-chip Networks, A Power-Performance Balanced Network-on-Chip for Mixed CPU-GPU Systems, Routerless Networks-on-Chip, Routing Algorithm Design for Power- and Temperature-Aware NoCs, Approximate Communication for Energy-Efficient Network-on-Chip, Power-Efficient NoC Design by Partial Topology Reconfiguration, The Design of a Deflection-based Energy-efficient On-chip Network, and Power-Gating in Networks-on-Chip. - Contains novel subject matter that is relevant to computer science - Includes the expertise of contributing authors - Presents an easy to comprehend writing style

Download or read book Life Science in Space Experiments on Board the SJ 10 Recoverable Satellite written by Enkui Duan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the life science experiments in a space microgravity environment conducted on board the SJ-10 recoverable satellite, which was launched on April 6th 2016 and recovered on April 18th 2016. It covers 10 scientific projects in radiation biology, gravitational biology and biotechnology that were selected from ~100 proposals from various institutions in China and around the world. Primarily exploring the rhythm of life in a space microgravity environment, all of the experiments – conducted on nine payloads of the SJ-10 satellite – have never been previously conducted in the respective fields. In addition, the book provides extensive information on the mission’s execution, data collection, and scientific outcomes.

Download or read book Datacenter Design and Management written by Benjamin C. Lee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An era of big data demands datacenters, which house the computing infrastructure that translates raw data into valuable information. This book defines datacenters broadly, as large distributed systems that perform parallel computation for diverse users. These systems exist in multiple forms—private and public—and are built at multiple scales. Datacenter design and management is multifaceted, requiring the simultaneous pursuit of multiple objectives. Performance, efficiency, and fairness are first-order design and management objectives, which can each be viewed from several perspectives. This book surveys datacenter research from a computer architect's perspective, addressing challenges in applications, design, management, server simulation, and system simulation. This perspective complements the rich bodies of work in datacenters as a warehouse-scale system, which study the implications for infrastructure that encloses computing equipment, and in datacenters as distributed systems, which employ abstract details in processor and memory subsystems. This book is written for first- or second-year graduate students in computer architecture and may be helpful for those in computer systems. The goal of this book is to prepare computer architects for datacenter-oriented research by describing prevalent perspectives and the state-of-the-art.

Download or read book Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care written by Eduardo Bruera and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-01-15 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "the thoroughness of the text has to be admired. It is an excellent starting point for students of palliative care which makes an important contribution to any library."-British Journal of Hospital Medicine" covers a plethora of topics ranging from the development of palliative medicine in different countries to clinical topics and bioethics an

Download or read book Networks on Chip written by Sheng Ma and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Networks-on-Chip: From Implementations to Programming Paradigms provides a thorough and bottom-up exploration of the whole NoC design space in a coherent and uniform fashion, from low-level router, buffer and topology implementations, to routing and flow control schemes, to co-optimizations of NoC and high-level programming paradigms. This textbook is intended for an advanced course on computer architecture, suitable for graduate students or senior undergrads who want to specialize in the area of computer architecture and Networks-on-Chip. It is also intended for practitioners in the industry in the area of microprocessor design, especially the many-core processor design with a network-on-chip. Graduates can learn many practical and theoretical lessons from this course, and also can be motivated to delve further into the ideas and designs proposed in this book. Industrial engineers can refer to this book to make practical tradeoffs as well. Graduates and engineers who focus on off-chip network design can also refer to this book to achieve deadlock-free routing algorithm designs. Provides thorough and insightful exploration of NoC design space. Description from low-level logic implementations to co-optimizations of high-level program paradigms and NoCs. The coherent and uniform format offers readers a clear, quick and efficient exploration of NoC design space Covers many novel and exciting research ideas, which encourage researchers to further delve into these topics. Presents both engineering and theoretical contributions. The detailed description of the router, buffer and topology implementations, comparisons and analysis are of high engineering value.

Download or read book Cyber Security Cryptography and Machine Learning written by Shlomi Dolev and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Cyber Security Cryptography and Machine Learning, CSCML 2021, held in Be'er Sheva, Israel, in July 2021. The 22 full and 13 short papers presented together with a keynote paper in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 48 submissions. They deal with the theory, design, analysis, implementation, or application of cyber security, cryptography and machine learning systems and networks, and conceptually innovative topics in these research areas.

Download or read book Transactions on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers III written by Per Stenström and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transactions on HiPEAC aims at the timely dissemination of research contributions in computer architecture and compilation methods for high-performance embedded computer systems. Recognizing the convergence of embedded and general-purpose computer systems, this journal publishes original research on systems targeted at specific computing tasks as well as systems with broad application bases. The scope of the journal therefore covers all aspects of computer architecture, code generation and compiler optimization methods of interest to researchers and practitioners designing future embedded systems. This third issue contains 14 papers carefully reviewed and selected out of numerous submissions and is divided into four sections. The first section contains the top four papers from the Third International Conference on High-Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers, HiPEAC 2008, held in Göteborg, Sweden, in January 2008. The second section consists of four papers from the 8th MEDEA Workshop held in conjunction with PACT 2007 in Brasov, Romania, in September 2007. The third section contains two regular papers and the fourth section provides a snapshot from the First Workshop on Programmability Issues for Multicore Computers, MULTIPROG, held in conjunction with HiPEAC 2008.

Download or read book High Performance Computing written by Mateo Valero and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-06-29 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I wish to welcome all of you to the International Symposium on High Perf- mance Computing 2000 (ISHPC 2000) in the megalopolis of Tokyo. After having two great successes with ISHPC’97 (Fukuoka, November 1997) and ISHPC’99 (Kyoto, May 1999), many people have requested that the symposium would be held in the capital of Japan and we have agreed. I am very pleased to serve as Conference Chair at a time when high p- formance computing (HPC) has a signi?cant in?uence on computer science and technology. In particular, HPC has had and will continue to have a signi?cant - pact on the advanced technologies of the “IT” revolution. The many conferences and symposiums that are held on the subject around the world are an indication of the importance of this area and the interest of the research community. One of the goals of this symposium is to provide a forum for the discussion of all aspects of HPC (from system architecture to real applications) in a more informal and personal fashion. Today we are delighted to have this symposium, which includes excellent invited talks, tutorials and workshops, as well as high quality technical papers.

Download or read book Neuronal Calcium Sensor Proteins written by Pavel P. Philippov and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calcium signalling is an astonishing example how a simple caption can trigger and regulate an enormous variety of cellular and physiological responses. Ca2+-signalling routes very often involve Ca2+-binding proteins that sense changes in intracellular [Ca2+] and trigger cellular responses by regulating specific targets. One fascinating group among these Ca2+-sensors are the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins, named for their localisation in neuronal tissue (although there are reports of their expression in non-neuronal tissues as well). While recent excellent reviews have covered key aspects of this protein group, the field expanded in recent years making it more and more difficult to represent every facet of this ongoing research endeavour. This book is intended to represent properties of NCS proteins.

Download or read book High Performance Computing written by Ana-Lucia Varbanescu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-29 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 37th International Conference on High Performance Computing, ISC High Performance 2022, held in Hamburg, Germany, during May 29 – June 2, 2022. The 18 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. The papers are categorized into the following topical sub-headings: Architecture, Networks, and Storage; Machine Learning, AI, Emerging Technologies; HPC Algorithms and Applications; Performance Modeling, Evaluation and Analysis; and Programming Environments and Systems Software.

Download or read book Advanced Parallel Processing Technologies written by Olivier Temam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Advanced Parallel Processing Technologies, APPT 2011, held in Shanghai, China, in September 2011. The 13 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on parallel distributed system architectures, architecture, parallel application and software, distributed and cloud computing.

Download or read book Handbook of Water Analysis written by Leo M.L. Nollet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-06-25 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensively revised and updated, Handbook of Water Analysis, Second Edition provides current analytical techniques for detecting compounds in water samples. Maintaining the detailed and accessible style of the original, this edition demonstrates water sampling and preservation methods by enumerating different ways to measure chemical and radiologic